{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T05:30:45Z","timestamp":1780464645545,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6664","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,1,1]],"date-time":"1998-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":883612800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nature"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,1]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/34584","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T08:37:12Z","timestamp":1027672632000},"page":"245-250","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":288,"title":["Constraints on cortical and thalamic projections: the no-strong-loops hypothesis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"391","author":[{"given":"Francis","family":"Crick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christof","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"BF34584_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/1.1.1","volume":"1","author":"DJ Felleman","year":"1991","unstructured":"Felleman, D. J. & Van Essen, D. C. Distributed hierarchical processing in the primate cerebral cortex. Cereb. Cortex 1, 1\u201347 ( 1991).","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"BF34584_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(79)90485-2","volume":"179","author":"KS Rockland","year":"1979","unstructured":"Rockland, K. S. & Pandya, D. N. Laminar origins and terminations of cortical connections of the occipital lobe in the rhesus monkey. Brain Res. 179, 3\u2013 20 (1979).","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"BF34584_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1126\/science.271.5250.776","volume":"271","author":"C-C Hilgetag","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hilgetag, C.-C., O'Neill, M. A. & Young, M. P. Indeterminate organization of the visual system. Science 271, 776\u2013777 (1996).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BF34584_CR4","volume-title":"Digraphs: Theory and Techniques","author":"DF Robinson","year":"1980","unstructured":"Robinson, D. F. & Foulds, L. R. Digraphs: Theory and Techniques (Gordon and Breach, New York, (1980))."},{"key":"BF34584_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1126\/science.271.5250.777a","volume":"271","author":"DC Van Essen","year":"1996","unstructured":"Van Essen, D. C. & Felleman, D. J. On hierarchies (response to Hilgetag et al.). Science 271, 777 (1996).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BF34584_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903630404","volume":"363","author":"C Gutierrez","year":"1995","unstructured":"Gutierrez, C., Yaun, A. & Cusick, C. G. Neurochemical subdivisions of the inferior pulvinar in macaque monkeys. J. Comp. Neurol. 363, 545\u2013562 (1995).","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"BF34584_CR7","unstructured":"Robinson, D. L. & Cowie, R. J. in Thalamus, 2: Experimental and Clinical Studies (eds Steriade, M., Jones, E. G. & McCormick, D. A.) (Elsevier, Amsterdam, in the press)."},{"key":"BF34584_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901460103","volume":"146","author":"LH Mathers","year":"1972","unstructured":"Mathers, L. H. Ultrastructure of the pulvinar of the squirrel monkey. J. Comp. Neurol. 146, 15\u201342 ( 1972).","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"BF34584_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901460104","volume":"146","author":"LH Mathers","year":"1972","unstructured":"Mathers, L. H. The synaptic organization of the cortical projection to the pulvinar of the squirrel monkey. J. Comp. Neurol. 146, 43 \u201360 (1972).","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"BF34584_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/4.6.646","volume":"6","author":"H Ojima","year":"1994","unstructured":"Ojima, H. Terminal morphology and distribution of corticothalamic fibers originating from layers 5 and 6 of cat primary auditory cortex. Cereb. Cortex  6, 646\u2013663 ( 1994).","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"BF34584_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1865","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199410000-00006","volume":"5","author":"KS Rockland","year":"1994","unstructured":"Rockland, K. S. Further evidence for two types of corticopulvinar neurons. NeuroReport  5, 1865\u20131868 ( 1994).","journal-title":"NeuroReport"},{"key":"BF34584_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19960422)368:1<57::AID-CNE5>3.0.CO;2-J","volume":"368","author":"KS Rockland","year":"1996","unstructured":"Rockland, K. S. Two types of corticopulvinar terminations: round (type 2) and elongate (type 1). J. Comp. Neurol. 368, 57\u2013 87 (1996).","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"BF34584_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(95)00009-8","volume":"66","author":"J Bourassa","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bourassa, J., Desch\u00eanes, M. Corticothalamic projections from the primary visual cortex in rats: a single fiber study using biocytin as an anterograde tracer. Neuroscience 66, 253\u2013263 (1995).","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"BF34584_CR14","first-page":"583","volume":"187","author":"RW Guillery","year":"1995","unstructured":"Guillery, R. W. Anatomical evidence concerning the role of the thalamus in corticocortical communication: a brief review. J. Anat. 187, 583\u2013592 (1995).","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"key":"BF34584_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1996.76.3.1367","volume":"76","author":"SM Sherman","year":"1996","unstructured":"Sherman, S. M. & Guillery, R. W. Functional organization of thalamocortical relays. J. Neurophys.  76, 1367\u20131395 (1996).","journal-title":"J. Neurophys."},{"key":"BF34584_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(71)90041-1","volume":"3","author":"RW Guillery","year":"1971","unstructured":"Guillery, R. W. Patterns of synaptic interconnections in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat and monkey: a brief review. Vision Res.  3, 211\u2013227 (1971).","journal-title":"Vision Res."},{"key":"BF34584_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1970.33.3.459","volume":"33","author":"RE Kalil","year":"1970","unstructured":"Kalil, R. E. & Chase, R. Corticofugal influence on activity of lateral geniculate neurons in the cat. J. Neurophysiol.  33, 459\u2013474 (1970).","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"BF34584_CR18","first-page":"433","volume":"29","author":"FH Baker","year":"1977","unstructured":"Baker, F. H. & Malpeli, J. G. Effects of cryogenic blockade of visual cortex on the responses of lateral geniculate neurons in the monkey. Exp. Brain Res. 29, 433\u2013 444 (1977).","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"BF34584_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1038\/369479a0","volume":"369","author":"AM Sillito","year":"1994","unstructured":"Sillito, A. M., Jones, H. E., Gerstein, G. L. & West, D. C. Feature-linked synchronization of thalamic relay cell firing induced by feedback from the visual cortex. Nature 369, 479\u2013 482 (1994).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF34584_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Callaway, E. M. Local circuits in primary visual cortex of the macaque monkey.  Annu. Rev. Neurosci.(in the press).","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.21.1.47"},{"key":"BF34584_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rockland, K. S. Convergence and branching patterns of round, type 2 corticopulvinar axons. J. Comp. Neurol.(in the press).","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19980126)390:4<515::AID-CNE5>3.0.CO;2-3"},{"key":"BF34584_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/4.3.215","volume":"4","author":"A Peters","year":"1994","unstructured":"Peters, A., Payne, B. R. & Budd, J. Anumerical analysis of the geniculocortical input to striate cortex in the monkey. Cereb. Cortex 4, 215\u2013229 (1994).","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"BF34584_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8160015","volume":"264","author":"SHC Hendry","year":"1994","unstructured":"Hendry, S. H. C. & Yoshioka, T. Aneurochemically distinct third channel in the macaque dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus.  Science 264, 575\u2013577 ( 1994).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BF34584_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-1749-8","volume-title":"The Thalamus","author":"EG Jones","year":"1985","unstructured":"Jones, E. G.  The Thalamus (Plenum, New York, (1985))."},{"key":"BF34584_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00231977","volume":"104","author":"JB Levitt","year":"1995","unstructured":"Levitt, J. B., Yoshioka, T. & Lund, J. S. Connections between the pulvinar complex and cytochrome oxidase-defined compartments in visual area V2 of macaque monkey.  Exp. Brain Res. 104, 419\u2013430 (1995).","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"BF34584_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/0893-6080(89)90018-X","volume":"2","author":"MW Hirsch","year":"1989","unstructured":"Hirsch, M. W. Convergent activation dynamics in continuous time networks. Neural Networks 2, 331\u2013349 ( 1989).","journal-title":"Neural Networks"},{"key":"BF34584_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1994.6.3.420","volume":"6","author":"C-M Kuan","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kuan, C.-M., Hornik, K. & White, H. Aconvergence result for learning in recurrent neural networks. Neural Comp. 6, 420\u2013440 (1994).","journal-title":"Neural Comp."},{"key":"BF34584_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1982.48.1.38","volume":"48","author":"JH Sandell","year":"1982","unstructured":"Sandell, J. H. & Schiller, P. H. Effect of cooling area 18 on striate cortex cells in the squirrel monkey.  J. Neurophys. 48, 38\u201348 (1982).","journal-title":"J. Neurophys."},{"key":"BF34584_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1848727","volume":"251","author":"M Mignard","year":"1991","unstructured":"Mignard, M. & Malpeli, J. G. Paths of information flow through visual cortex. Science 251, 1249\u2013 1251 (1991).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BF34584_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1995.75.1.107","volume":"75","author":"P-A Salin","year":"1995","unstructured":"Salin, P.-A. & Bullier, J. Corticocortical connections in the visual system: structure and function. Physiol. Rev.  75, 107\u2013154 (1995).","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"BF34584_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1038\/375121a0","volume":"375","author":"F Crick","year":"1995","unstructured":"Crick, F. & Koch, C. Are we aware of neural activity in primary visual cortex? Nature 375, 121\u2013 123 (1995).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF34584_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/4.5.470","volume":"5","author":"MJ Webster","year":"1994","unstructured":"Webster, M. J., Bachevalier, J. & Ungerleider, L. G. Connections of inferior temporal areas TEO and TE with parietal and frontal cortex in macaque monkeys. Cereb. Cortex  5, 470\u2013483 ( 1994).","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"BF34584_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7638624","volume":"269","author":"R Douglas","year":"1995","unstructured":"Douglas, R., Koch, C., Mahowald, M., Martin, K. & Suarez, H. Recurrent excitation in neocortical circuits.  Science 269, 981\u2013985 ( 1995).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BF34584_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(96)10070-9","volume":"20","author":"JE Lisman","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lisman, J. E. Bursts as a unit of neural information: making unreliable synapses reliable. Trends Neurosci. 20, 38\u2013 43 (1997).","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."}],"container-title":["Nature"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/34584.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/34584","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/34584.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]],"date-time":"2023-05-17T02:08:19Z","timestamp":1684289299000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/34584"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,1]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6664","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,1]]}},"alternative-id":["BF34584"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/34584","relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-0836","1476-4687"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-0836","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-4687","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,1]]}}}