{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T16:37:47Z","timestamp":1778776667606,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6664","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,1,1]],"date-time":"1998-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":883612800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nature"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,1]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/34681","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T08:37:12Z","timestamp":1027672632000},"page":"298-301","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":526,"title":["MAP kinase links the transcription factor Microphthalmia to c-Kit signalling in melanocytes"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"391","author":[{"given":"Timothy J.","family":"Hemesath","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E. Roydon","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clifford","family":"Takemoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tina","family":"Badalian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David E.","family":"Fisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"BF34681_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-9525(00)89143-X","volume":"11","author":"KJ Moore","year":"1995","unstructured":"Moore, K. J. Insight into the microphthalmia gene. Trends Genet. 11, 442\u2013448 (1995).","journal-title":"Trends Genet."},{"key":"BF34681_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2660(08)60549-0","volume":"20","author":"E Russell","year":"1979","unstructured":"Russell, E. Hereditary anemias of the mouse: a review for geneticists. Adv. Genet. 20, 357\u2013459 (1979).","journal-title":"Adv. Genet."},{"key":"BF34681_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(90)90280-R","volume":"63","author":"O Witte","year":"1990","unstructured":"Witte, O. Steel locus defines new multipotent growth factor. Cell 63, 5\u20136 (1990).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BF34681_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1194-251","volume":"8","author":"M Tassabehji","year":"1994","unstructured":"Tassabehji, M., Newton, V. E. & Read, A. P. Waardenburg syndrome type 2 caused by mutations in the human microphthalmia (MITF) gene. Nature Genet. 8, 251\u2013255 (1994).","journal-title":"Nature Genet."},{"key":"BF34681_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90429-T","volume":"74","author":"CA Hodgkinson","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hodgkinson, C. A. et al. Mutations at the mouse microphthalmia locus are associated with defects in a gene encoding a novel basic-helix-loop-helix-zipper protein. Cell 74, 395\u2013404 (1993).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BF34681_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1194-256","volume":"8","author":"E Steingrimsson","year":"1994","unstructured":"Steingrimsson, E. et al. Molecular basis of mouse microphthalmia (mi) mutations helps explain their developmental and phenotypic consequences. Nature Genet. 8, 256\u2013263 (1994).","journal-title":"Nature Genet."},{"key":"BF34681_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2770","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.8.22.2770","volume":"8","author":"TJ Hemesath","year":"1994","unstructured":"Hemesath, T. J. et al. microphthalmia, a critical factor in melanocyte development, defines a discrete transcription factor family. Genes Dev. 8, 2770\u20132780 (1994).","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"BF34681_CR8","first-page":"827","volume":"145","author":"K Isozaki","year":"1994","unstructured":"Isozaki, K. et al. Cell type-specific deficiency of c-kit gene expression in mutant mice of mi\/mi genotype. Am. J. Path. 145, 827\u2013836 (1994).","journal-title":"Am. J. Path."},{"key":"BF34681_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2341","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.6.2341","volume":"88","author":"P Dubreuil","year":"1991","unstructured":"Dubreuil, P. et al. The c-fms gene complements the mitogenic defect in mast cells derived from mutant W mice but not mi (microphthalmia) mice. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 88, 2341\u20132345 (1991).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BF34681_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2880","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V79.11.2880.2880","volume":"79","author":"K Okuda","year":"1992","unstructured":"Okuda, K. et al. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interleukin-3, and steel factor induce rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of p42 and p44 MAP kinase. Blood 79, 2880\u20132887 (1992).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"BF34681_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90401-8","volume":"80","author":"C Marshall","year":"1995","unstructured":"Marshall, C. Specificity of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling: transient versus sustained extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation. Cell 80, 179\u2013185 (1995).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BF34681_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80067-6","volume":"8","author":"R Treisman","year":"1996","unstructured":"Treisman, R. Regulation of transcription by MAP kinase cascades. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 8, 205\u2013215 (1996).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Cell Biol."},{"key":"BF34681_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1016\/0955-0674(92)90131-U","volume":"4","author":"N Ahn","year":"1992","unstructured":"Ahn, N., Seger, R. & Krebs, E. The mitogen-activated protein kinase activator. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 4, 992\u2013999 (1992).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Cell Biol."},{"key":"BF34681_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(91)01013-R","volume":"210","author":"W Boyle","year":"1991","unstructured":"Boyle, W., van der Geer, P. & Hunter, T. Phosphopeptide mapping and phosphoamino acid analysis by two-dimensional separation on thin-layer cellulose plates. Methods Enzymol. 210, 110\u2013149 (1991).","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"BF34681_CR15","first-page":"1141","volume":"19","author":"V Hearing","year":"1987","unstructured":"Hearing, V. & Jiminiez, M. Mammalian tyrosinase \u2014 the critical regulatory control point in melanocyte pigmentation. J. Biochem. 19, 1141\u20131147 (1987).","journal-title":"J. Biochem."},{"key":"BF34681_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7996","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.14.12.7996","volume":"14","author":"NJ Bentley","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bentley, N. J., Eisen, T. & Goding, C. R. Melanocyte-specific expression of the human tyrosinase promoter: activation by the microphthalmia gene product and role of the initiator. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14, 7996\u20138006 (1994).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"BF34681_CR17","first-page":"1833","volume-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol.","author":"K Yasumoto","year":"1995","unstructured":"Yasumoto, K., Yokoyama, K., Shibata, K., Tomita, Y. & Shibahara, S. Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor as a regulator for melanocyte-specific transcription of the human tyrosinase gene[erratum, Mol. Cell. Biol. 15, 1833 (1995))]. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14, 8058\u20138070 (1994)."},{"key":"BF34681_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2681","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.183.6.2681","volume":"183","author":"J Costa","year":"1996","unstructured":"Costa, J. et al. Recombinant human stem cell factor (kit ligand) promotes human mast cell and melanocyte hyperplasia and functional activation in vivo. J. Exp. Med. 183, 2681\u20132686 (1996).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"BF34681_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24315","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.41.24315","volume":"270","author":"W Englaro","year":"1995","unstructured":"Englaro, W. et al. Mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and AP-1 are activated during cAMP-induced melanogenesis in B-16 melanoma cells. J. Biol. Chem. 270, 24315\u201324320 (1995).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BF34681_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.134.3.747","volume":"134","author":"C Bertolotto","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bertolotto, C., Bille, K., Ortonne, J. & Ballotti, R. Regulation of tyrosinase gene expression by cAMP in B16 melanoma cells involves two CATGTG motifs surrounding the TATA box: implication of the microphthalmia gene product. J. Cell Biol. 134, 747\u2013755 (1996).","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"BF34681_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V80.6.1454.bloodjournal8061454","volume":"80","author":"Y Ebi","year":"1992","unstructured":"Ebi, Y. et al. Low c-kit expression of cultured mast cells of mi\/mi genotype may be invovled in their defective responses to fibroblasts that express the ligand for c-kit. Blood 80, 1454\u20131462 (1992).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"BF34681_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V88.4.1225.bloodjournal8841225","volume":"88","author":"T Tsujimura","year":"1996","unstructured":"Tsujimura, T. et al. Involvement of transcription factor encoded by the mi locus in the expression of c-kit receptor tyrosine kinase in cultured mast cells of mice. Blood 88, 1225\u20131233 (1996).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"BF34681_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0796-309","volume":"13","author":"R Paulson","year":"1996","unstructured":"Paulson, R., Vesey, S., Siminovitch, K. & Berstein, A. Signalling by the W\/Kit receptor tyrosine kinase is negatively regulated by the protein tyrosine phosphatase Shp1. Nature Genet. 13, 309\u2013315 (1996).","journal-title":"Nature Genet."},{"key":"BF34681_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.184.3.1111","volume":"184","author":"U Lorenz","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lorenz, U. et al. Genetic analysis reveals cell type-specific regulation of receptor tyrosine kinase c-Kit by the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP1. J. Exp. Med. 184, 1111\u20131126 (1997).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"BF34681_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/3.4.553","volume":"3","author":"M Tachibana","year":"1994","unstructured":"Tachibana, M. et al. Cloning of MITF, the human homolog of the mouse microphthalmia gene and assignment to chromosome 3p14.1\u2013p12.3. Hum. Mol. Genet. 3, 553\u2013557 (1994).","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"BF34681_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5322","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/18.17.5322","volume":"18","author":"S Mizushima","year":"1990","unstructured":"Mizushima, S. & Nagata, S. pEF-BOS, a powerful mammalian expression vector. Nucleic Acids Res. 18, 5322 (1990).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"BF34681_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.9.2.639","volume":"9","author":"V Stanton","year":"1989","unstructured":"Stanton, V., Nichols, D., Laudano, A. & Cooper, G. Definition of the human raf amino-terminal regulatory region by deletion mutagenesis. Mol. Cell. Biol. 9, 639\u2013647 (1989).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."}],"container-title":["Nature"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/34681.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/34681","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/34681.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]],"date-time":"2023-05-17T02:13:38Z","timestamp":1684289618000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/34681"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,1]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6664","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,1]]}},"alternative-id":["BF34681"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/34681","relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-0836","1476-4687"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-0836","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-4687","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,1]]}}}