{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T21:32:57Z","timestamp":1775856777493,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6801","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,9,1]],"date-time":"2000-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":967766400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nature"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,9]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/35025020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T08:45:49Z","timestamp":1027673149000},"page":"164-167","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":858,"title":["Thin films of fullerene-like MoS2 nanoparticles with ultra-low friction and wear"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"407","author":[{"given":"Manish","family":"Chhowalla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gehan A. J.","family":"Amaratunga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"BF35025020_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1038\/42910","volume":"387","author":"L Rapoport","year":"1997","unstructured":"Rapoport, L.  et al. Hollow nanoparticles of WS2 as potential solid-state lubricants. Nature 387, 791\u2013 793 (1997).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF35025020_CR2","first-page":"922","volume":"59","author":"ME Bell","year":"1941","unstructured":"Bell, M. E. & Findlay, J. H. Molydenite as a new lubricant. Phys. Rev. 59, 922\u2013927 (1941).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev."},{"key":"BF35025020_CR3","first-page":"92","volume":"15","author":"ER Braithwaite","year":"1957","unstructured":"Braithwaite, E. R. & Rowe, G. W. Principles and applications of lubrication with solids. Sci. Lubricat.  15, 92\u201396 (1957).","journal-title":"Sci. Lubricat."},{"key":"BF35025020_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/0043-1648(67)90187-1","volume":"10","author":"WO Winer","year":"1967","unstructured":"Winer, W. O. Molybdenum disulphide as a lubricant: A review of the fundamental knowledge. Wear 10, 422\u2013452 (1967).","journal-title":"Wear"},{"key":"BF35025020_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1080\/05698197108983252","volume":"14","author":"T Spalvins","year":"1972","unstructured":"Spalvins, T. Lubrication with sputtered MoS2 films. ASLE Trans.  14, 267\u2013271 (1972); Morphological and frictional behavior of sputtered MoS2 films. Thin Solid Films 96, 17\u2013 24 (1982).","journal-title":"ASLE Trans."},{"key":"BF35025020_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/0043-1648(72)90124-X","volume":"19","author":"R Holinski","year":"1972","unstructured":"Holinski, R. & Gansheimer, J. A study of the lubricating mechanism of molybdenum disulphide. Wear 19, 329\u2013 342 (1972).","journal-title":"Wear"},{"key":"BF35025020_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/0043-1648(83)90073-X","volume":"91","author":"V Buck","year":"1983","unstructured":"Buck, V. Morphological properties of sputtered MoS2 films. Wear  91, 281\u2013288 (1983).","journal-title":"Wear"},{"key":"BF35025020_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1080\/05698198408981548","volume":"27","author":"PD Fleischauer","year":"1984","unstructured":"Fleischauer, P. D. & Tolentino, L. U. Effects of crystallite orientation on the environmental stability and lubrication properties of sputtered MoS2 thin films. ASLE Trans.  27, 82\u201388 (1984).","journal-title":"ASLE Trans."},{"key":"BF35025020_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-679X(90)90042-N","volume":"23","author":"EW Roberts","year":"1990","unstructured":"Roberts, E. W. Thin solid lubricants in space. Tribol. Int. 23, 95\u2013104 (1990).","journal-title":"Tribol. Int."},{"key":"BF35025020_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1080\/10402009308983169","volume":"36","author":"K Miyoshi","year":"1993","unstructured":"Miyoshi, K.  et al. A vacuum (10-9 Torr) friction apparatus for determining friction and endurance like that of MoSx films.  Tribol. Trans. 36, 351\u2013358 (1993).","journal-title":"Tribol. Trans."},{"key":"BF35025020_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/S0043-1648(98)00143-4","volume":"218","author":"M Suzuki","year":"1998","unstructured":"Suzuki, M. Comparison of tribological characteristics of sputtered MoS2 films coated with different apparatus. Wear 218, 110\u2013118 (1998).","journal-title":"Wear"},{"key":"BF35025020_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/S0257-8972(99)00431-4","volume":"121","author":"DY Wang","year":"1999","unstructured":"Wang, D. Y., Chang, C. L., Chen, Z. Y. & Ho, W. Y. Microstructural characterization of MoS2-Ti composite solid lubricating films. Surf. Coat. Technol. 121, 629\u2013 635 (1999).","journal-title":"Surf. Coat. Technol."},{"key":"BF35025020_CR13","volume-title":"Molybdenum Compounds: Their Chemistry and Technology","author":"DH Killeffer","year":"1952","unstructured":"Killeffer, D. H. & Linz, D. Molybdenum Compounds: Their Chemistry and Technology (Interscience, New York, 1952)."},{"key":"BF35025020_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1021\/ja01659a020","volume":"45","author":"RG Dickinson","year":"1923","unstructured":"Dickinson, R. G. & Pauling, L. The crystal structure of molybdenite. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 45, 1466 \u20131471 (1923).","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"BF35025020_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1038\/115266a0","volume":"115","author":"W Bragg","year":"1925","unstructured":"Bragg, W. The investigation of the properties of thin films by means of x-rays.  Nature 115, 266\u2013269 ( 1925).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF35025020_CR16","first-page":"368","volume-title":"Engineering Tribology","author":"JA Williams","year":"1994","unstructured":"Williams, J. A.  Engineering Tribology 368\u2013370 (Oxford Univ. Press, 1994)."},{"key":"BF35025020_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1697867","volume":"19","author":"RH Savage","year":"1948","unstructured":"Savage, R. H. Graphite lubrication. J. Appl. Phys. 19, 1\u201310 (1948).","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"BF35025020_CR18","first-page":"105","volume-title":"Tribology\u2014Principles and Design Applications","author":"RD Arnell","year":"1991","unstructured":"Arnell, R. D., Davies, P. B., Halling, J. & Whomes, T. L.  Tribology\u2014Principles and Design Applications 105\u2013 107 (Macmillan, London, 1991)."},{"key":"BF35025020_CR19","first-page":"1165","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Tribology Conf. 1995","author":"K Matsumoto","year":"1996","unstructured":"Matsumoto, K. & Suzuki, M. in Proc. Int. Tribology Conf. 1995  1165\u20131169 (JST, Tokyo, 1996)."},{"key":"BF35025020_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1126\/science.267.5195.222","volume":"267","author":"Y Feldman","year":"1995","unstructured":"Feldman, Y., Wasserman, E., Srolovitz, D. J. & Tenne, R. High-rate, gas-phase growth of MoS2 nested inorganic fullerenes and nanotubes. Science 267, 222\u2013 225 (1995).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BF35025020_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1063\/1.116932","volume":"69","author":"M Jose-Yacaman","year":"1996","unstructured":"Jose-Yacaman, M.  et al. Studies of MoS2 structures produced by electron irradiation. Appl. Phys. Lett. 69, 1065\u2013 1067 (1996).","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"BF35025020_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1038\/383321a0","volume":"383","author":"GAJ Amaratunga","year":"1996","unstructured":"Amaratunga, G. A. J.  et al. Hard elastic carbon thin films from linking of carbon nanoparticles. Nature 383, 321\u2013323 (1996).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF35025020_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1080\/095008397179598","volume":"75","author":"M Chhowalla","year":"1997","unstructured":"Chhowalla, M., Aharanov, R. A., Kiely, C. J., Alexandrou, I. A. & Amaratunga, G. A. J. Generation and deposition of fullerene- and nanotube-rich carbon thin films. Phil. Mag. Lett.  75, 329\u2013335 ( 1997).","journal-title":"Phil. Mag. Lett."},{"key":"BF35025020_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1779","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.74.1779","volume":"74","author":"DJ Srolovitz","year":"1995","unstructured":"Srolovitz, D. J., Safran, S. A., Homyonfer, M. & Tenne, R. Morphology of nested fullerenes. Phys. Rev. Lett. 74 , 1779\u20131782 (1995).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"BF35025020_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2965","DOI":"10.1063\/1.367052","volume":"83","author":"MMM Bilek","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bilek, M. M. M., Martin, P. J. & McKenzie, D. R. Influence of gas pressure and cathode composition on ion energy distributions in filtered vacuum arcs. J. Appl. Phys.  83, 2965\u20132970 ( 1998).","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"BF35025020_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1557\/JMR.1997.0167","volume":"12","author":"DN Dunn","year":"1997","unstructured":"Dunn, D. N., Seitzman, L. E. & Singer, I. L. The origin of anomalous low (0002) peak in x-ray diffraction spectra of MoS2 films grown by ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD). J. Mater. Res. 12, 1191\u2013 1194 (1997).","journal-title":"J. Mater. Res."},{"key":"BF35025020_CR27","first-page":"14","volume-title":"Tribologia\u2014Finn. J. Tribol.","author":"R Westergard","year":"1998","unstructured":"Westergard, R. & Ax\u00e9n, N. Tribologia\u2014Finn. J. Tribol. 17, 14\u201318 ( 1998)."},{"key":"BF35025020_CR28","first-page":"613","volume":"235\u2013238","author":"N Mattern","year":"1997","unstructured":"Mattern, N., Hermann, H., Weise, G., Teresiak, A. & Bauer, H. D. Structure and properties of MoS2 films. Mater. Sci. Forum 235\u2013238, 613\u2013 618 (1997).","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Forum"},{"key":"BF35025020_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3001","DOI":"10.1557\/JMR.1998.0410","volume":"13","author":"DN Dunn","year":"1998","unstructured":"Dunn, D. N., Seitzman, L. E. & Singer, I. L. MoS2 deposited by ion beam assisted deposition: 2H or random layer structure? J. Mater. Res. 13, 3001\u20133007 (1998).","journal-title":"J. Mater. Res."},{"key":"BF35025020_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/S0257-8972(99)00193-0","volume":"119","author":"VC Fox","year":"1999","unstructured":"Fox, V. C., Renevier, N., Teer, D. G., Hampshire, J. & Rigato, V. The structure of tribologically improved MoS2-metal composite coatings and their industrial applications. Surf. Coat. Technol. 119, 492\u2013 497 (1999).","journal-title":"Surf. Coat. Technol."}],"container-title":["Nature"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/35025020.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/35025020","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/35025020.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]],"date-time":"2023-05-17T02:06:46Z","timestamp":1684289206000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/35025020"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,9]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6801","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,9]]}},"alternative-id":["BF35025020"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/35025020","relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-0836","1476-4687"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-0836","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-4687","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,9]]}}}