{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T06:15:29Z","timestamp":1779344129317,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,11,1]],"date-time":"2000-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":973036800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,11]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/35040051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T08:48:04Z","timestamp":1027673284000},"page":"101-109","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":133,"title":["The expanding polymerase universe"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Myron F.","family":"Goodman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brigette","family":"Tippin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"BF35040051_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3002(56)90127-5","volume":"21","author":"A Kornberg","year":"1956","unstructured":"Kornberg, A., Lehman, I. R., Bessman, M. J. & Simms, E. S. Enzymatic synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 21 197?198 ( 1956).","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"BF35040051_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)68048-8","volume":"233","author":"IR Lehman","year":"1958","unstructured":"Lehman, I. R., Bessman, M. J., Simms, E. S. & Kornberg, A. Enzymatic synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid I. Preparation of substrates and partial purification of an enzyme from Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 233 163?170 (1958).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BF35040051_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1038\/2241164a0","volume":"224","author":"P de Lucia","year":"1969","unstructured":"de Lucia, P. & Cairns, J. Isolation of an E. coli strain with a mutation affecting DNA polymerase. Nature 224 1164?1166 (1969).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF35040051_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1038\/2281050a0","volume":"228","author":"R Knippers","year":"1970","unstructured":"Knippers, R. DNA polymerase II. Nature 228 1050? 1053 (1970).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF35040051_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.68.4.761","volume":"68","author":"T Kornberg","year":"1971","unstructured":"Kornberg, T. & Gefter, M. L. Purification and DNA synthesis in cell-free extracts: properties of DNA polymerase II. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 68 761?764 (1971).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BF35040051_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1038\/newbio234285a0","volume":"234","author":"V Nusslein","year":"1971","unstructured":"Nusslein, V., Otto, B., Bonhoeffer, F. & Schaller, H. Function of DNA polymerase 3 in DNA replication. Nature New Biol. 234 285?286 (1971).","journal-title":"Nature New Biol."},{"key":"BF35040051_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3150","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.68.12.3150","volume":"68","author":"ML Gefter","year":"1971","unstructured":"Gefter, M. L., Hirota, Y., Kornberg, T., Wechsler, J. A. & Barnoux, C. Analysis of DNA polymerases II and III in mutants of Escherichia coli thermosensitive for DNA synthesis. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 68 3150?3153 (1971).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BF35040051_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9224","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.16.9224","volume":"96","author":"S Rangarajan","year":"1999","unstructured":"Rangarajan, S., Woodgate, R. & Goodman, M. F. A phenotype for enigmatic DNA polymerase II: a pivotal role for pol II in replication restart in UV-irradiated Escherichia coli . Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 96 9224? 9229 (1999).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BF35040051_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1038\/382729a0","volume":"382","author":"JR Nelson","year":"1996","unstructured":"Nelson, J. R., Lawrence, C. W. & Hinkle, D. C. Deoxycytidyl transferase activity of yeast REV1 protein . Nature 382 729?731 (1996). Shows that yeast Rev1 protein has template-dependent dCMP transferase activity, and is the first member of the UmuC\/DinB \/Rev1p\/Rad30 superfamily found to be involved in DNA synthesis.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF35040051_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36835","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.52.36835","volume":"274","author":"MT Washington","year":"1999","unstructured":"Washington, M. T., Johnson, R. E., Prakash, S. & Prakash, L. Fidelity and processivity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA polymerase \u03b7 . J. Biol. Chem. 274 36835? 36838 (1999).Yeast Rad30 protein is shown to have low-fidelity DNA polymerase activity and is designated as pol \u03b7.","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BF35040051_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1038\/35010014","volume":"404","author":"T Matsuda","year":"2000","unstructured":"Matsuda, T., Bebenek, K., Masutani, C., Hanaoka, F. & Kunkel, T. A. Low fidelity DNA synthesis by human DNA polymerase \u03b7. Nature 404 1011 ?1013 (2000).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF35040051_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1038\/35010020","volume":"404","author":"M Tang","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tang, M. et al. Roles of E. coli DNA polymerases IV and V in lesion-targeted and untargeted mutagenesis. Nature 404 1014 ?1018 (2000). The E. coli DNA pol V mutasome is shown to be responsible for SOS-induced mutagenesis through error-prone translesion synthesis.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF35040051_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bi.60.070191.002401","volume":"60","author":"H Echols","year":"1991","unstructured":"Echols, H. & Goodman, M. F. Fidelity mechanisms in DNA replication . Annu. Rev. Biochem. 60 477? 511 (1991).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biochem."},{"key":"BF35040051_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/92.2.397","volume":"92","author":"CW Lawrence","year":"1979","unstructured":"Lawrence, C. W. & Christensen, R. B. Ultraviolet-induced reversion of CYC1 alleles in radiation-sensitive strains of yeast. III. REV3 mutant strains. Genetics 92 397?408 (1979).","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"BF35040051_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00383316","volume":"200","author":"CW Lawrence","year":"1985","unstructured":"Lawrence, C. W., Das, G. & Christensen, R. B. REV7, a new gene concerned with UV mutagenesis in yeast. Mol. Gen. Genet. 200 80? 85 (1985).","journal-title":"Mol. Gen. Genet."},{"key":"BF35040051_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00383317","volume":"200","author":"CW Lawrence","year":"1985","unstructured":"Lawrence, C. W., Nisson, P. E. & Christensen, R. B. UV and chemical mutagenesis in REV7 mutants of yeast. Mol. Gen. Genet. 200 86? 91 (1985).","journal-title":"Mol. Gen. Genet."},{"key":"BF35040051_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(78)90104-3","volume":"122","author":"CW Lawrence","year":"1978","unstructured":"Lawrence, C. W. & Christensen, R. Ultraviolet-induced reversion of cyc1 alleles in radiation sensitive strains of yeast. I. rev1 mutant strains. J. Mol. Biol. 122 1?22 (1978).","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"BF35040051_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00281612","volume":"239","author":"S Sommer","year":"1993","unstructured":"Sommer, S., Knezevic, J., Bailone, A. & Devoret, R. Induction of only one SOS operon, umuDC, is required for SOS mutagenesis in E. coli. Mol. Gen. Genet. 239 137?144 (1993).","journal-title":"Mol. Gen. Genet."},{"key":"BF35040051_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(68)90445-2","volume":"31","author":"WD Rupp","year":"1968","unstructured":"Rupp, W. D. & Howard-Flanders, P. Discontinuities in the DNA synthesized in an excision-defective strain of Escherichia coli following ultraviolet radiation. J. Mol. Biol. 31 291?304 (1968).","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"BF35040051_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bi.57.070188.000333","volume":"57","author":"A Sancar","year":"1988","unstructured":"Sancar, A. & Sancar, G. B. DNA repair enzymes. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 57 29?67 (1988).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biochem."},{"key":"BF35040051_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/0027-5107(85)90110-1","volume":"150","author":"BA Bridges","year":"1985","unstructured":"Bridges, B. A. & Woodgate, R. The two-step model of bacterial UV mutagenesis. Mutat. Res. 150 133?139 (1985).","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"BF35040051_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10348","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.18.10348","volume":"95","author":"G Walker","year":"1998","unstructured":"Walker, G. Skiing the black diamond slope: Progress on the biochemistry of translesion DNA synthesis. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 95 10348?10350 (1998).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BF35040051_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.13.17.2191","volume":"13","author":"R Woodgate","year":"1999","unstructured":"Woodgate, R. A plethora of lesion-replicating DNA polymerases. Genes Dev. 13 2191?2195 (1999).","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"BF35040051_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-437X(00)00057-5","volume":"10","author":"MF Goodman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Goodman, M. F. & Tippin, B. Sloppier copier DNA polymerases involved in genome repair. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 10 162?168 ( 2000).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev."},{"key":"BF35040051_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5681","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.120152397","volume":"97","author":"E Friedberg","year":"2000","unstructured":"Friedberg, E., Feaver, W. J. & Gerlach, V. L. The many faces of DNA polymerases: Strategies for mutagenesis and for mutational avoidance. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 97 5681?5683 ( 2000).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BF35040051_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9755","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.17.9755","volume":"95","author":"M Tang","year":"1998","unstructured":"Tang, M. et al. Biochemical basis of SOS mutagenesis in Escherichia coli: Reconstitution of in vitro lesion bypass dependent on the UmuD\u2032 2C mutagenic complex and RecA protein. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 95 9755?9760 ( 1998). The first evidence for the intrinsic polymerase activity in UmuD\u2032 2 C (now pol V).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BF35040051_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8919","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.16.8919","volume":"96","author":"M Tang","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tang, M. et al. UmuD\u20322C is an error-prone DNA polymerase, Escherichia coli pol V. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 96 8919?8924 (1999). Purified UmuD\u2032 2 C from a temperature-sensitive DNA polymerase III mutant possesses intrinsic polymerase activity and can do translesion synthesis, demonstrating that UmuD\u2032 2 C is a bona fide DNA polymerase.","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BF35040051_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31763","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.45.31763","volume":"274","author":"NB Reuven","year":"1999","unstructured":"Reuven, N. B., Arad, G., Maor-Shoshani, A. & Livneh, Z. The mutagenic protein UmuC is a DNA polymerase activated by UmuD\u2032 RecA, and SSB and is specialized for translesion replication. J. Biol. Chem. 274 31763?31766 ( 1999).The E. coli UmuC protein was shown to have DNA polymerase activity.","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BF35040051_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2000.01997.x","volume":"37","author":"JR Nelson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Nelson, J. R., Gibbs, P. E. M., Nowicka, A. M., Hinkle, D. C. & Lawrence, C. W. Evidence for a second function for Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rev1p. Mol. Microbiol. 37 549?553 (2000).","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"BF35040051_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bi.54.070185.002233","volume":"54","author":"GC Walker","year":"1985","unstructured":"Walker, G. C. Inducible DNA repair systems. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 54 425?457 (1985).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biochem."},{"key":"BF35040051_CR31","first-page":"407","volume-title":"DNA Repair and Mutagenesis","author":"EC Friedberg","year":"1995","unstructured":"Friedberg, E. C., Walker, G. C. & Siede, W. in DNA Repair and Mutagenesis Vol. 1, 407?522 (ASM Press, Washington DC, 1995)."},{"key":"BF35040051_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00283484","volume":"156","author":"T Kato","year":"1977","unstructured":"Kato, T. & Shinoura, Y. Isolation and characterization of mutants of Escherichia coli deficient in induction of mutagenesis by ultraviolet light. Mol. Gen. Genet. 156 121?131 (1977).","journal-title":"Mol. Gen. Genet."},{"key":"BF35040051_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00270380","volume":"165","author":"G Steinborn","year":"1978","unstructured":"Steinborn, G. Uvm mutants of Escherichia coli K12 deficient in UV mutagenesis. I. Isolation of uvm mutants and their phenotypical characterization in DNA repair and mutagenesis. Mol. Gen. Genet. 165 87?93 (1978).","journal-title":"Mol. Gen. Genet."},{"key":"BF35040051_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5749","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.78.9.5749","volume":"78","author":"A Bagg","year":"1981","unstructured":"Bagg, A., Kenyon, C. J. & Walker, G. C. Inducibility of a gene product required for UV and chemical mutagenesis in Escherichia coli. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 78 5749?5753 ( 1981).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BF35040051_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1811","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.6.1811","volume":"85","author":"SE Burckhardt","year":"1988","unstructured":"Burckhardt, S. E., Woodgate, R., Scheuremann, R. H. & Echols, H. UmuD mutagenesis protein of Escherichia coli: Overproduction, purification, and cleavage by RecA. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 85 1811?1815 (1988).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BF35040051_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7301","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.19.7301","volume":"86","author":"R Woodgate","year":"1989","unstructured":"Woodgate, R., Rajagopalan, M., Lu, C. & Echols, H. UmuC mutagenesis protein of Escherichia coli: Purification and interaction with UmuD and UmuD\u2032. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 86 7301?7305 (1989).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BF35040051_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10767","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.18.10767","volume":"271","author":"I Bruck","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bruck, I., Woodgate, R., McEntee, K. & Goodman, M. F. Purification of a soluble UmuD'C complex from Escherichia coli: Cooperative binding of UmuD'C to single-stranded DNA. J. Biol. Chem. 271 10767?10774 (1996).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BF35040051_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/0921-8777(90)90013-U","volume":"236","author":"H Echols","year":"1990","unstructured":"Echols, H. & Goodman, M. F. Mutation induced by DNA damage: A many protein affair. Mutat. Res. 236 301 ?311 (1990).","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"BF35040051_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1128\/BR.40.4.869-907.1976","volume":"40","author":"EM Witkin","year":"1976","unstructured":"Witkin, E. M. Ultraviolet mutagenesis and inducible DNA repair in Escherichia coli. Bacteriol. Rev. 40 869?907 (1976).","journal-title":"Bacteriol. Rev."},{"key":"BF35040051_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.950130206","volume":"13","author":"BS Strauss","year":"1991","unstructured":"Strauss, B. S. The 'A rule' of mutagen specificity: a consequence of DNA polymerase bypass of non-instructional lesions? Bioessays 13 79?84 (1991).","journal-title":"Bioessays"},{"key":"BF35040051_CR41","unstructured":"Pham, P., O'Donnell, M., Woodgate, R. & Goodman, M. F. A 'cowcatcher' model for SOS?lesion targeted mutations in E. coli involving pol V, RecA, SSB and \u03b2 sliding clamp. (submitted)."},{"key":"BF35040051_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.63.4.751-813.1999","volume":"63","author":"A Kuzminov","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kuzminov, A. Recombinational repair of DNA damage in Escherichia coli and bacteriophage \u03bb . Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 63 751? 813 (1999).","journal-title":"Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev."},{"key":"BF35040051_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-0004(00)01564-4","volume":"25","author":"MF Goodman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Goodman, M. F. Coping with replication 'train wrecks' in Escherichia coli using pol V, pol II, and RecA proteins. Trends Biochem. Sci. 25 189?195 (2000).","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"key":"BF35040051_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13792","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.25.13792","volume":"94","author":"S-R Kim","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kim, S.-R. et al. Multiple pathways for SOS-induced mutagenesis in Escherichia coli: An overexpression of dinB\/dinP results in strongly enhancing mutagenesis in the absence of any exogenous treatment to damage DNA. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 94 13792? 13797 (1997).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BF35040051_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1038\/35003501","volume":"404","author":"MM Cox","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cox, M. M. et al. The importance of repairing stalled replication forks. Nature 404 37?41 ( 2000).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF35040051_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(00)80376-7","volume":"4","author":"J Wagner","year":"1999","unstructured":"Wagner, J. et al. The dinB gene encodes a novel Escherichia coli DNA polymerase (DNA pol IV). Mol. Cell 4 281?286 (1999). E. coli DinB\/pol IV protein is shown to have distributive polymerase activity that can also extend misaligned 3\u2032-primer ends.","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"BF35040051_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.mi.47.100193.002343","volume":"47","author":"PL Foster","year":"1993","unstructured":"Foster, P. L. Adaptive mutation: The uses of adversity. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 47 467?504 ( 1993).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"BF35040051_CR48","unstructured":"Foster, P. L. Adaptive mutation in Escherichia coli. Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol. (in the press)."},{"key":"BF35040051_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11922","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.21.11922","volume":"96","author":"VL Gerlach","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gerlach, V. L. et al. Human and mouse homologs of Escherichia coli DinB (DNA polymerase IV), members of the UmuC\/DinB superfamily. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 96 11922?11927 (1999).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BF35040051_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.14.13.1589","volume":"14","author":"E Ohashi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ohashi, E. et al. Error-prone bypass of certain DNA lesions by the human DNA polymerase \u03ba. Genes Dev. 14 1589? 1594 (2000).","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"BF35040051_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6746","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00269a020","volume":"21","author":"S Boiteux","year":"1982","unstructured":"Boiteux, S. & Laval, J. Coding properties of poly(deoxycycytidylic acid) templates containing uracil or apyrimidinic sites: In vitro modulation of mutagenesis by DNA repair enzymes. Biochemistry 21 6746?6751 (1982).","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"BF35040051_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.80.2.487","volume":"80","author":"RM Schaaper","year":"1983","unstructured":"Schaaper, R. M., Kunkel, T. A. & Loeb, L. A. Infidelity of DNA synthesis associated with bypass of apurinic sites. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 80 487?491 (1983).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BF35040051_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4518","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00288a026","volume":"22","author":"D Sagher","year":"1983","unstructured":"Sagher, D. & Strauss, B. S. Insertion of nucleotides opposite apurinic\/apyrimidinic sites in deoxyribonucleic acid during in vitro synthesis: uniqueness of adenine nucleotides. Biochemistry 22 4518?4526 (1983).","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"BF35040051_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2153","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/18.8.2153","volume":"18","author":"CW Lawrence","year":"1990","unstructured":"Lawrence, C. W., Borden, A., Banerjee, S. K. & LeClerc, J. E. Mutation frequency and spectrum resulting from a single abasic site in a single-stranded vector. Nucleic Acids Res. 18 2153? 2157 (1990).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"BF35040051_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6876","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.12.6876","volume":"95","author":"PE Gibbs","year":"1998","unstructured":"Gibbs, P. E., McGregor, W. G., Maher, V. M., Nisson, P. & Lawrence, C. W. A human homolog of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae REV3 gene, which encodes the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase \u03b6 . Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 95 6876? 6880 (1998).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BF35040051_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4186","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.8.4186","volume":"97","author":"PEM Gibbs","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gibbs, P. E. M. et al. The function of the human homolog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae REV1 is required for mutagenesis induced by UV light. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 97 4186?4191 (2000).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BF35040051_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4468","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/27.22.4468","volume":"27","author":"W Lin","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lin, W. et al. The human REV1 gene codes for a DNA template-dependent dCMP transferase. Nucleic Acids Res. 27 4468? 4475 (1999).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"BF35040051_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.1126\/science.272.5268.1646","volume":"272","author":"JR Nelson","year":"1996","unstructured":"Nelson, J. R., Lawrence, C. W. & Hinkle, D. C. Thymine?thymine dimer bypass by yeast DNA polymerase \u03b6 . Science 272 1646?1649 (1996).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BF35040051_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1038\/35023030","volume":"406","author":"RE Johnson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Johnson, R. E., Washington, M. T., Haracska, L., Prakash, S. & Prakash, L. Mutagenic bypass of DNA lesions by sequential action of eukaryotic DNA polymerases \u03b9 and \u03b6. Nature 406 1015?1019 ( 2000).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF35040051_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15975","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.23.15975","volume":"274","author":"RE Johnson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Johnson, R. E., Prakash, S. & Prakash, L. Requirement of DNA polymerase activity of yeast Rad30 protein for its biological function. J. Biol. Chem. 274 15975?15977 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BF35040051_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1038\/21447","volume":"399","author":"C Masutani","year":"1999","unstructured":"Masutani, C. et al. The XPV (xeroderma pigmentosum variant) gene encodes human DNA polymerase \u03b7. Nature 399 700 ?704 (1999).Purification of human xeroderma pigmentosum variant (XPV) and demonstration that it is the human homologue of yeast DNA pol \u03b7.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF35040051_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1126\/science.285.5425.263","volume":"285","author":"RE Johnson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Johnson, R. E., Kondratick, C. M., Prakash, S. & Prakash, L. hRAD30 mutations in the variant form of Xeroderma pigmentosum. Science 285 263?265 ( 1999).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BF35040051_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13945","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.21.13945","volume":"272","author":"M Cordeiro-Stone","year":"1997","unstructured":"Cordeiro-Stone, M., Zaritskaya, L. S., Price, L. K. & Kaufmann, W. K. Replication fork bypass of a pyrimidine dimer blocking leading strand DNA synthesis. J. Biol. Chem. 272 13945? 13954 (1997).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BF35040051_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3491","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/18.12.3491","volume":"18","author":"C Masutani","year":"1999","unstructured":"Masutani, C. et al. Xeroderma pigmentosum variant (XP-V) correcting protein from HeLa cells has a thymine dimer bypass DNA polymerase activity. EMBO J. 18 3491?3501 ( 1999).","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"BF35040051_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1126\/science.283.5404.1001","volume":"283","author":"RE Johnson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Johnson, R. E., Prakash, S. & Praskah, L. Efficient bypass of a thymine?thymine dimer by yeast DNA polymerase, Pol \u03b7. Science 283 1001?1004 (1999).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BF35040051_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(98)00065-2","volume":"433","author":"W Lin","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lin, W., Wu, X. & Wang, Z. A full-length cDNA of hREV3 is predicted to encode DNA polymerase \u03b6 for damage-induced mutagenesis in humans. Mutat. Res. 433 89?98 (1999).","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"BF35040051_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4391","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.275.6.4391","volume":"275","author":"Y Murakumo","year":"2000","unstructured":"Murakumo, Y. et al. A human REV7 homolog that interacts with the polymerase \u03b6 catalytic subunit hREV3 and the spindle assembly checkpoint protein hMAD2 . J. Biol. Chem. 275 4391? 4397 (2000).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BF35040051_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.1988.tb00763.x","volume":"105","author":"C Berek","year":"1988","unstructured":"Berek, C. & Milstein, C. The dynamic nature of the antibody repertoire. Immunol. Rev. 105 5? 26 (1988).","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"BF35040051_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2393","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-2478(88)90178-2","volume":"18","author":"J Zhang","year":"1988","unstructured":"Zhang, J., MacLennan, I. C., Liu, Y. J. & Lane, P. J. Is rapid proliferation in B centroblasts linked to somatic mutation and memory B cell clones? Immunol. Lett. 18 2393? 2400 (1988).","journal-title":"Immunol. Lett."},{"key":"BF35040051_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(81)90399-8","volume":"27","author":"S Kim","year":"1981","unstructured":"Kim, S., Davis, M., Sinn, E., Patten, P. & Hood, L. Antibody diversity: somatic hypermutation of rearranged VH genes. Cell 27 573?581 (1981).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BF35040051_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.1998.tb01434.x","volume":"162","author":"MS Neuberger","year":"1998","unstructured":"Neuberger, M. S. et al. Monitoring and interpreting the intrinsic features of somatic hypermutation. Immunol. Rev. 162 107? 116 (1998).","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"BF35040051_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90316-6","volume":"77","author":"AG Betz","year":"1994","unstructured":"Betz, A. G. et al. Elements regulating somatic hypermutation of an immunoglobulin kappa gene: critical role for the intron enhancer\/matrix attachment region . Cell 77 239?248 (1994).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BF35040051_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(95)00265-X","volume":"5","author":"DB Winter","year":"1995","unstructured":"Winter, D. B. & Gearhart, P. J. Another piece in the hypermutation puzzle. Curr. Biol. 5 1345? 1346 (1995).","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"BF35040051_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-7915(96)80059-8","volume":"8","author":"U Storb","year":"1996","unstructured":"Storb, U. The molecular basis of somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 8 206?214 (1996).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"BF35040051_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8791","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.15.8791","volume":"95","author":"C Milstein","year":"1998","unstructured":"Milstein, C., Neuberger, M. S. & Staden, R. Both DNA strands of antibody genes are hypermutation targets. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 95 8791 ?8794 (1998).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BF35040051_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.1997.12","volume":"75","author":"EJ Steel","year":"1997","unstructured":"Steel, E. J., Rothenfluh, H. S. & Blanden, R. V. Mechanism of antigen-driven somatic hypermutation of rearranged immunoglobulin V(D)J genes in the mouse. Immunol. Cell. Biol. 75 82?95 (1997).","journal-title":"Immunol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"BF35040051_CR77","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Current topics in Microbiology and Immunology","author":"DB Winter","year":"1998","unstructured":"Winter, D. B., Sattar, N. & Gearhart, P. J. in Current topics in Microbiology and Immunology (eds Kelsoe, G. & Flajnits, M. F.) 1?10 (Springer, Berlin, 1998)."},{"key":"BF35040051_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.1998.tb01425.x","volume":"162","author":"M Diaz","year":"1998","unstructured":"Diaz, M. & Flajnik, M. F. Evolution of somatic hypermutation and gene conversion in adaptive immunity. Immunol. Rev. 162 13?24 (1998). An excellent summary of the key features of somatic hypermutation spectra.","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"BF35040051_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.14.13.1642","volume":"14","author":"A Tissier","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tissier, A., McDonald, J. P., Frank, E. G. & Woodgate, R. pol \u03b9 a remarkably error-prone human DNA polymerase. Genes Dev. 14 1642?1650 ( 2000). Demonstration that human Rad30B\/pol \u03b9 prefers to make the wobble G?T base pair over the correct A?T base pair, and overall has extremely poor fidelity.","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"BF35040051_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4011","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-4141(199912)29:12<4011::AID-IMMU4011>3.0.CO;2-W","volume":"29","author":"SJ Foster","year":"1999","unstructured":"Foster, S. J., Dorner, T. & Lipsky, P. E. Somatic hypermutation of V \u03ba J \u03ba rearrangements: targeting of RGYW motifs on both DNA strands and preferential selection of mutated codons within RGYW motifs. Eur. J. Immunol. 29 4011?4021 (1999).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"BF35040051_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/19.7.1731","volume":"19","author":"O Dominguez","year":"2000","unstructured":"Dominguez, O. et al. DNA polymerase mu (Pol \u03bc), homologous to TdT, could act as a DNA mutator in eukaryotic cells. EMBO J. 19 1731?1742 (2000).","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"BF35040051_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.2000.4005","volume":"301","author":"M Garcia-Diaz","year":"2000","unstructured":"Garcia-Diaz, M. et al. DNA polymerase lambda (Pol lambda), a novel eukaryotic DNA polymerase with a potential role in meiosis. J. Mol. Biol. 301 851?867 (2000).","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"BF35040051_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31233","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M004263200","volume":"275","author":"K-I Nagasawa","year":"2000","unstructured":"Nagasawa, K.-I. et al. Identification and characterization of human DNA polymerase \u03b2 2, a DNA polymerase \u03b2?related enzyme. J. Biol. Chem. 275 31233?31238 ( 2000).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BF35040051_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1126\/science.289.5480.774","volume":"289","author":"Z Wang","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wang, Z., Castano, I. B., de Las Penas, A., Adams, C. & Christman, M. F. Pol \u03ba: A DNA polymerase required for sister chromatid cohesion. Science 289 774?779 (2000). Discovery that the yeast Trf4 protein is a polymerase essential for sister-chromatid cohesion, indicating that possible polymerase exchange mechanisms may be needed to replicate chromosomes fully.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BF35040051_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1006\/geno.1999.5843","volume":"59","author":"FS Sharief","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sharief, F. S., Vojta, P. J., Ropp, P. A. & Copeland, W. C. Cloning and chromosomal mapping of the human DNA polymerase \u03b8 (POLQ), the eighth human DNA polymerase. Genomics 59 90?96 (1999).","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"BF35040051_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(99)00005-1","volume":"433","author":"M Oshige","year":"1999","unstructured":"Oshige, M., Aoyage, N., Harris, P. V., Burtis, K. C. & Sakaguchi, K. A new DNA polymerase species from Drosophila melanogaster: a probable mus308 gene product. Mutat. Res. 433 183?192 (1999).","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"BF35040051_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1038\/44738","volume":"401","author":"M Radman","year":"1999","unstructured":"Radman, M. Enzymes of evolutionary change. Nature 401 866?869 (1999).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF35040051_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7939","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.130182897","volume":"97","author":"CL Limoli","year":"2000","unstructured":"Limoli, C. L., Giedzinski, E., Morgan, W. F. & Cleaver, J. E. Polymerase \u03b7 deficiency in the Xeroderma pigmentosum variant uncovers an overlap between the S phase checkpoint and double-strand break repair. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 97 7939? 7946 (2000).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BF35040051_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9218","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.16.9218","volume":"96","author":"T Opperman","year":"1999","unstructured":"Opperman, T., Murli, S., Smith, B. T. & Walker, G. C. A model for umuDC-dependent prokaryotic DNA damage checkpoint. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 96 9218?9223 (1999).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BF35040051_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.182.4.1127-1135.2000","volume":"182","author":"S Murli","year":"2000","unstructured":"Murli, S., Opperman, T., Smith, B. T. & Walker, G. C. A role for the umuDC gene products of Escherichia coli in increasing resistance to DNA damage in stationary phase by inhibiting the transition to exponential growth. J. Bacteriol. 182 1127?1135 (2000).","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"BF35040051_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(00)00724-7","volume":"10","author":"M Bemark","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bemark, M., Khamlichi, A. A., Davies, S. L. & Neuberger, M. S. Disruption of mouse polymerase \u03b6 (Rev3) leads to embryonic lethality and impairs blastocyst development in vitro. Curr. Biol. 10 1213?1216 ( 2000).","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"BF35040051_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(00)00725-9","volume":"10","author":"J Wittschieben","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wittschieben, J. et al. Disruption of the developmentally regulated Rev3I gene causes embryonic lethality. Curr. Biol. 10 1217?1220 (2000).","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"BF35040051_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81686-4","volume":"100","author":"L Shapiro","year":"2000","unstructured":"Shapiro, L. & Losick, R. Dynamic spatial regulation in the bacterial cell. Cell 100 89? 98 (2000).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BF35040051_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.1126\/science.282.5393.1516","volume":"282","author":"KP Lemon","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lemon, K. P. & Grossman, A. D. Localization of bacterial DNA polymerase: evidence for a factory model of replication. Science 282 1516?1519 ( 1998).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BF35040051_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12373","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.22.12373","volume":"96","author":"MD Sutton","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sutton, M. D., Opperman, T. & Walker, G. C. The Escherichia coli SOS mutagenesis proteins UmuD and UmuD\u2032 interact physically with the replicative DNA polymerase . Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 96 12373? 12378 (1999).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BF35040051_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3613","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.182.13.3613-3618.2000","volume":"182","author":"A Kornberg","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kornberg, A. Ten commandments: Lessons from the enzymology of DNA replication. J. Bacteriol. 182 3613?3618 (2000).","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"BF35040051_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4331","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.82.13.4331","volume":"82","author":"KL Perry","year":"1985","unstructured":"Perry, K. L., Elledge, S. J., Mitchell, B. B., Marsh, L. & Walker, G. C. umuDC and mucAB operons whose products are required for UV light- and chemical-induced mutagenesis: UmuD, MucA, and LexA proteins share homology. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 82 4331?4335 ( 1985).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BF35040051_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1806","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.6.1806","volume":"85","author":"H Shinagawa","year":"1988","unstructured":"Shinagawa, H., Iwasaki, T., Kato, T. & Nakata, A. RecA protein-dependent cleavage of UmuD protein and SOS mutagenesis. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 85 1806?1810 ( 1988).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BF35040051_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.2.565","volume":"97","author":"A Maor-Shoshani","year":"2000","unstructured":"Maor-Shoshani, A., Reuven, N. B., Tomer, G. & Livneh, Z. Highly mutagenic replication by DNA polymerase V (UmuC) provides a mechanistic basis for SOS untargeted mutagenesis. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 97 565?570 (2000).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BF35040051_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3838","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.8.3838","volume":"97","author":"RE Johnson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Johnson, R. E., Prakash, S. & Prakash, L. The human DINB1 gene encodes the DNA polymerase pol \u03b8. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 97 3838?3843 (2000).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BF35040051_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1159\/000015157","volume":"83","author":"C Morelli","year":"1998","unstructured":"Morelli, C., Mungall, A. J., Negrini, M., Barbanti?Brodano, G. & Croce, C. M. Alternative splicing, genomic structure, and fine chromosome localization of REV3L. Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 83 18?20 (1998).","journal-title":"Cytogenet. Cell Genet."},{"key":"BF35040051_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11227","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.200361997","volume":"97","author":"M Goldsmith","year":"2000","unstructured":"Goldsmith, M., Sarov-Blat, L. & Livneh, Z. Plasmid-encoded MucB protein is a DNA polymerase (pol RI) specialized for lesion bypass in the presence of MucA\u2032 RecA, and SSB. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 97 11227? 11231 (2000).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"}],"container-title":["Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/35040051.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/35040051","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/35040051.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]],"date-time":"2023-05-17T02:12:41Z","timestamp":1684289561000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/35040051"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,11]]},"references-count":102,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,11]]}},"alternative-id":["BF35040051"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/35040051","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-0072","1471-0080"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-0072","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-0080","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,11]]}}}