{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T03:28:17Z","timestamp":1785814097915,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6820","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,2,1]],"date-time":"2001-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":980985600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nature"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,2]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/35054572","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T04:48:04Z","timestamp":1027658884000},"page":"630-633","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":484,"title":["Polarity controls forces governing asymmetric spindle positioning in the Caenorhabditis elegans embryo"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"409","author":[{"given":"Stephan W.","family":"Grill","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"G\u00f6nczy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ernst H. K.","family":"Stelzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony A.","family":"Hyman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"BF35054572_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(92)90468-R","volume":"68","author":"HR Horvitz","year":"1992","unstructured":"Horvitz, H. R. & Herskowitz, I. Mechanisms of asymmetric cell division: two Bs or not two Bs, that is the question. Cell 68, 237\u2013255 (1992).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BF35054572_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7696(08)60059-5","volume":"31","author":"R Rappaport","year":"1971","unstructured":"Rappaport, R. Cytokinesis in animal cells. Int. Rev. Cytol. 31, 169\u2013213 (1971).","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Cytol."},{"key":"BF35054572_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/0962-8924(96)10035-0","volume":"6","author":"P G\u00f6nczy","year":"1996","unstructured":"G\u00f6nczy, P. & Hyman, A. A. Cortical domains and the mechanisms of asymmetric cell division. Trends Cell Biol. 6, 382\u2013387 (1996).","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."},{"key":"BF35054572_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1038\/35888","volume":"391","author":"A Fire","year":"1998","unstructured":"Fire, A. et al. Potent and specific genetic interference by double-stranded RNA in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nature 391, 806\u2013811 (1998).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF35054572_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(83)90201-4","volume":"100","author":"JE Sulston","year":"1983","unstructured":"Sulston, J. E., Schierenberg, E., White, J. G. & Thomson, J. N. The embryonic cell lineage of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Dev. Biol. 100, 64\u2013119 (1983).","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"BF35054572_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.122.5.1467","volume":"122","author":"B Goldstein","year":"1996","unstructured":"Goldstein, B. & Hird, S. N. Specification of the anteroposterior axis in Caenorhabditis elegans. Development 122, 1467\u20131474 (1996).","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"BF35054572_CR7","first-page":"335","volume-title":"C. elegans II","author":"KJ Kemphues","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kemphues, K. J. & Strome, S. in C. elegans II (eds Riddle, D. L., Blumenthal, T., Meyer, B. J. & Priess, J.\u00a0R.) 335\u2013359 (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York, 1997)."},{"key":"BF35054572_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(84)90117-9","volume":"101","author":"D Albertson","year":"1984","unstructured":"Albertson, D. Formation of the first cleavage spindle in nematode embryos. Dev. Biol. 101, 61\u201372 (1984).","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"BF35054572_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.96.2.548","volume":"96","author":"RJ Leslie","year":"1983","unstructured":"Leslie, R. J. & Pickett, H. J. Ultraviolet microbeam irradiations of mitotic diatoms: investigation of spindle elongation. J. Cell Biol. 96, 548\u2013561 (1983).","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"BF35054572_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.91.2.446","volume":"91","author":"JR Aist","year":"1981","unstructured":"Aist, J. R. & Berns, M. W. Mechanics of chromosome separation during mitosis in Fusarium (Fungi imperfecti): new evidence from ultrastructural and laser microbeam experiments. J. Cell Biol. 91, 446\u2013458 (1981).","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"BF35054572_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.104.4.1207","volume":"104","author":"JR Aist","year":"1993","unstructured":"Aist, J. R., Liang, H. & Berns, M. W. Astral and spindle forces in PtK2 cells during anaphase B: a laser microbeam study. J. Cell Sci. 104, 1207\u20131216 (1993).","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"BF35054572_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.122.2.361","volume":"122","author":"JC Waters","year":"1993","unstructured":"Waters, J. C., Cole, R. W. & Rieder, C. L. The force-producing mechanism for centrosome separation during spindle formation in vertebrates is intrinsic to each aster. J. Cell Biol. 122, 361\u2013372 (1993).","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"BF35054572_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.128.1.95","volume":"128","author":"L Wordeman","year":"1995","unstructured":"Wordeman, L. & Mitchison, T. J. Identification and partial characterization of mitotic centromere-associated kinesin, a kinesin-related protein that associates with centromeres during mitosis. J. Cell Biol. 128, 95\u2013104 (1995).","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"BF35054572_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.133.3.595","volume":"133","author":"H Wein","year":"1996","unstructured":"Wein, H., Foss, M., Brady, B. & Cande, W. Z. DSK1, a novel kinesin-related protein from the diatom Cylindrotheca fusiformis that is involved in anaphase spindle elongation. J. Cell Biol. 133, 595\u2013604 (1996).","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"BF35054572_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80960-5","volume":"96","author":"A Desai","year":"1999","unstructured":"Desai, A., Verma, S., Mitchison, T. J. & Walczak, C. E. Kin I kinesins are microtubule-destabilizing enzymes. Cell 96, 69\u201378 (1999).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BF35054572_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1038\/35042526","volume":"408","author":"P G\u00f6nczy","year":"2000","unstructured":"G\u00f6nczy, P. et al. Functional genomic analysis of cell division in C. elegans using RNAi of genes on chromosome III. Nature 408, 331\u2013336 (2000).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF35054572_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(88)80024-2","volume":"52","author":"KJ Kemphues","year":"1988","unstructured":"Kemphues, K. J., Priess, J. R., Morton, D. G. & Cheng, N. Identification of genes required for cytoplasmic localization in early C. elegans embryos. Cell 52, 311\u2013320 (1988).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BF35054572_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90187-6","volume":"83","author":"B Etemad-Moghadam","year":"1995","unstructured":"Etemad-Moghadam, B., Guo, S. & Kemphues, K. J. Asymmetrically distributed PAR-3 protein contributes to cell polarity and spindle alignment in early C. elegans embryos. Cell 83, 743\u2013752 (1995).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BF35054572_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3075","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.122.10.3075","volume":"122","author":"L Boyd","year":"1996","unstructured":"Boyd, L., Guo, S., Levitan, D., Stinchcomb, D. T. & Kemphues, K. J. PAR-2 is asymmetrically distributed and promotes association of P granules and PAR-1 with the cortex in C. elegans embryos. Development 122, 3075\u20133084 (1996).","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"BF35054572_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/139.2.549","volume":"139","author":"NN Cheng","year":"1995","unstructured":"Cheng, N. N., Kirby, C. M. & Kemphues, K. J. Control of cleavage spindle orientation in Caenorhabditis elegans: the role of the genes par-2 and par-3. Genetics 139, 549\u2013559 (1995).","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"BF35054572_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(88)90060-7","volume":"125","author":"DP Hill","year":"1988","unstructured":"Hill, D. P. & Strome, S. An analysis of the role of microfilaments in the establishment and maintenance of asymmetry in Caenorhabditis elegans zygotes. Dev. Biol. 125, 75\u201384 (1988).","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"BF35054572_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2123","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.105.5.2123","volume":"105","author":"AA Hyman","year":"1987","unstructured":"Hyman, A. A. & White, J. G. Determination of cell division axes in the early embryogenesis of Caenorhabditis elegans. J. Cell Biol. 105, 2123\u20132135 (1987).","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"BF35054572_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2260","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5461.2260","volume":"287","author":"L Lee","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lee, L. et al. Positioning of the mitotic spindle by a cortical-microtubule capture mechanism. Science 287, 2260\u20132262 (2000).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BF35054572_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2257","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5461.2257","volume":"287","author":"WS Korinek","year":"2000","unstructured":"Korinek, W. S., Copeland, M. J., Chaudhuri, A. & Chant, J. Molecular linkage underlying microtubule orientation toward cortical sites in Yeast. Science 287, 2257\u20132259 (2000).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BF35054572_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.125.7.1337","volume":"125","author":"LS Rose","year":"1998","unstructured":"Rose, L. S. & Kemphues, K. The let-99 gene is required for proper spindle orientation during cleavage of the C. elegans embryo. Development 125, 1337\u20131346 (1998).","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"BF35054572_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/77.1.71","volume":"77","author":"S Brenner","year":"1974","unstructured":"Brenner, S. The genetics of Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 77, 71\u201394 (1974).","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"BF35054572_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/130.4.771","volume":"130","author":"DG Morton","year":"1992","unstructured":"Morton, D. G., Roos, J. M. & Kemphues, K. J. par-4, a gene required for cytoplasmic localisation and determination of specific cell types in Caenorhabditis elegans embryogenesis. Genetics 130, 771\u2013790 (1992).","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"BF35054572_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.144.5.927","volume":"144","author":"P G\u00f6nczy","year":"1999","unstructured":"G\u00f6nczy, P. et al. Dissection of cell division processes in the one cell stage Caenorhabditis elegans embryo by mutational analysis. J. Cell Biol. 144, 927\u2013946 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"BF35054572_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2037","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.9.8.2037","volume":"9","author":"WB Raich","year":"1998","unstructured":"Raich, W. B., Moran, A. N., Rothman, J. H. & Hardin, J. Cytokinesis and midzone microtubule organization in Caenorhabditis elegans require the kinesin-like protein ZEN-4. Mol. Biol. Cell 9, 2037\u20132049 (1998).","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"},{"key":"BF35054572_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(98)70470-1","volume":"8","author":"J Powers","year":"1998","unstructured":"Powers, J., Bossinger, O., Rose, D., Strome, S. & Saxton, W. A nematode kinesin required for cleavage furrow advancement. Curr. Biol. 8, 1133\u20131136 (1998).","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."}],"container-title":["Nature"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/35054572.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/35054572","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/doifinder\/10.1038\/35054572","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/35054572.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]],"date-time":"2023-05-16T21:48:22Z","timestamp":1684273702000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/35054572"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,2]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6820","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,2]]}},"alternative-id":["BF35054572"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/35054572","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.1011363.179720","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0028-0836","1476-4687"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-0836","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-4687","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,2]]}}}