{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T17:33:39Z","timestamp":1778780019386,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6832","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,4,1]],"date-time":"2001-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":986083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nature"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,4]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/35074059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T08:43:34Z","timestamp":1027673014000},"page":"1073-1077","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":209,"title":["Absence of deep-water formation in the Labrador Sea during the last interglacial period"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"410","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"Hillaire-Marcel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"de Vernal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Bilodeau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. J.","family":"Weaver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"BF35074059_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1029\/98RG02739","volume":"37","author":"J Marshall","year":"1999","unstructured":"Marshall, J. & Schott, F. Open-ocean convection; observations, theory, and models. Rev. Geophys. 37, 1\u201364 (1999).","journal-title":"Rev. Geophys."},{"key":"BF35074059_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.earth.27.1.231","volume":"27","author":"AJ Weaver","year":"1999","unstructured":"Weaver, A. J., Bitz, C. M., Fanning, A. M. & Holland, M. Thermohaline circulation: High latitude phenomena and the difference between the Pacific and Atlantic. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 27, 231\u2013285 (1999).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci."},{"key":"BF35074059_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1038\/21170","volume":"399","author":"RA Wood","year":"1999","unstructured":"Wood, R. A., Keen, A. B., Mitchell, J. F. B. & Gregory, J. M. Changing spatial structure of the thermohaline circulation in response to atmospheric CO2 forcing in a climate model. Nature 399, 572\u2013575 (1999).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF35074059_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1038\/364186a0","volume":"364","author":"JWC White","year":"1993","unstructured":"White, J. W. C. Don\u2019t touch that dial. Nature 364, 186 (1993)","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF35074059_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4833","DOI":"10.1029\/JC090iC03p04833","volume":"90","author":"K Aagaard","year":"1985","unstructured":"Aagaard, K., Swift, J. H. & Carmack, E. C. Thermohaline circulation in the Arctic Mediterranean seas. J. Geophys. Res. 90, 4833\u20134846 (1985).","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"BF35074059_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12319","DOI":"10.1029\/94JC00530","volume":"99","author":"RR Dickson","year":"1994","unstructured":"Dickson, R. R. & Brown, J. The production of North Atlantic deep water: Sources, sinks and pathways. J. Geophys. Res. 99, 12319\u201312341 (1994).","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"BF35074059_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/0079-6611(92)90006-L","volume":"29","author":"MS McCartney","year":"1992","unstructured":"McCartney, M. S. Recirculating components to the deep boundary current of the northern North Atlantic. Prog. Oceanogr. 29, 283\u2013383 (1992).","journal-title":"Prog. Oceanogr."},{"key":"BF35074059_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0485(1984)014<0922:WTCWCI>2.0.CO;2","volume":"14","author":"MS McCartney","year":"1984","unstructured":"McCartney, M. S. & Talley, L. D. Warm-to-cold water conversion in the northern North Atlantic Ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 14, 922\u2013935 (1984).","journal-title":"J. Phys. Oceanogr."},{"key":"BF35074059_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1029\/92RG02583","volume":"31","author":"WJ Schmitz Jr","year":"1993","unstructured":"Schmitz, W. J. Jr & McCartney, M. S. On the North Atlantic circulation. Rev. Geophys. 31, 29\u201349 (1993).","journal-title":"Rev. Geophys."},{"key":"BF35074059_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0485(1982)012<1189:DACOLS>2.0.CO;2","volume":"12","author":"LD Talley","year":"1982","unstructured":"Talley, L. D. & McCartney, M. S. Distribution and circulation of Labrador Sea Water. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 12, 1189\u20131205 (1982).","journal-title":"J. Phys. Oceanogr."},{"key":"BF35074059_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6611(97)00002-5","volume":"38","author":"RR Dickson","year":"1996","unstructured":"Dickson, R. R., Lazier, J., Meincke, J., Rhines, P. & Swift, J. Long-term coordinated changes in the convective activity of the North Atlantic. Prog. Oceanogr. 38, 205\u2013239 (1996).","journal-title":"Prog. Oceanogr."},{"key":"BF35074059_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-3791(87)90003-5","volume":"6","author":"NJ Shackleton","year":"1987","unstructured":"Shackleton, N. J. Oxygen isotopes, ice volume and sea level. Quat. Sci. Rev. 6, 183\u2013190 (1987).","journal-title":"Quat. Sci. Rev."},{"key":"BF35074059_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1038\/379689a0","volume":"379","author":"EF Yu","year":"1996","unstructured":"Yu, E. F., Francois, R. & Bacon, M. P. Similar rates of modern and last-glacial ocean thermohaline circulation inferred from radiochemical data. Nature 379, 689\u2013694 (1996).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF35074059_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1038\/371323a0","volume":"371","author":"LD Keigwin","year":"1994","unstructured":"Keigwin, L. D., Curry, W. B., Lehman, S. J. & Johnsen, S. The role of the deep ocean in North Atlantic climate change between 70 and 130 kyr ago. Nature 371, 323\u2013326 (1994).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF35074059_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1038\/36540","volume":"390","author":"JF Adkins","year":"1997","unstructured":"Adkins, J. F., Boyle, E. A., Keigwin, L. & Cortijo, E. Variability of the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation during the last interglacial period. Nature 390, 154\u2013156 (1997).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF35074059_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-6995(97)80215-X","volume":"30","author":"A de Vernal","year":"1997","unstructured":"de Vernal, A., Rochon, A., Turon, J.-L. & Matthiessen, J. Organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts: palynological tracers of sea-surface conditions in middle to high latitude marine environments. Geobios 30, 905\u2013920 (1997).","journal-title":"Geobios"},{"key":"BF35074059_CR17","unstructured":"National Oceanographic Data Center World Ocean Atlas CR-ROM (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, 1994)."},{"key":"BF35074059_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hillaire-Marcel, C., de Vernal, A., Bilodeau, G. & Stoner, J. Changes of potential density gradients in the northwestern North Atlantic during the last climatic cycle based on a multiproxy approach. Am.\u00a0Geophys. Union. Monogr. (in the press).","DOI":"10.1029\/GM126p0083"},{"key":"BF35074059_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1029\/96PA02617","volume":"11","author":"KE Kohfeld","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kohfeld, K. E., Fairbanks, R. G., Smith, S. L. & Walsh, I. D. Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (sinistral coiling) as paleoceanographic tracers in polar oceans: Evidence from Northeast Water Polynya plankton tows, sediment traps, and surface sediment. Paleoceanography 11, 679\u2013699 (1996).","journal-title":"Paleoceanography"},{"key":"BF35074059_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1029\/97PA00822","volume":"2","author":"DJ Andreasen","year":"1997","unstructured":"Andreasen, D. J & Ravelo, A. Tropical Pacific Ocean thermocline depth reconstruction for the last glacial maximum. Paleoceanography 2, 395\u2013413 (1997).","journal-title":"Paleoceanography"},{"key":"BF35074059_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.2113\/0300110","volume":"30","author":"K Faul","year":"2000","unstructured":"Faul, K., Ravelo, A. C. & Delanay, M. L. Reconstructions of upwelling, productivity, and photic zone depth in the eastern equatorial Pacific ocean using planktonic foraminiferal stable isotopes and abundances. J. Foram. Res. 30, 110\u2013125 (2000).","journal-title":"J. Foram. Res."},{"key":"BF35074059_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1126\/science.278.5341.1257","volume":"278","author":"G Bond","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bond, G. et al. Pervasive millennial-scale cycle in the North Atlantic Holocene and glacial climate. Science 278, 1257\u20131266 (1997).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BF35074059_CR23","unstructured":"de Vernal, A. et al. Sea-ice cover and sea surface conditions in the Arctic and circum-Arctic during the Holocene: Preliminary results and methodological issues. Can. Geophys. Union Mtg (abstr.) (2000)."},{"key":"BF35074059_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/0079-6611(88)90049-3","volume":"20","author":"RR Dickson","year":"1988","unstructured":"Dickson, R. R., Meincke, J., Malmberg, S. A. & Lee, A. J. The \u201cgreat salinity anomaly\u201d in the Northern North Atlantic 1968\u20131982. Prog. Oceanogr. 20, 103\u2013151 (1988).","journal-title":"Prog. Oceanogr."},{"key":"BF35074059_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/1040-6182(91)90043-N","volume":"10-12","author":"A de Vernal","year":"1991","unstructured":"de Vernal, A., Miller, G. & Hillaire-Marcel, C. Paleoenvironments of the last interglacial sensu lato in northwest North Atlantic regions: eastern Canada and adjacent seas. Quat Int. 10-12, 95\u2013106 (1991).","journal-title":"Quat Int."},{"key":"BF35074059_CR26","first-page":"203","volume-title":"M\u00e9thodes Quantitatives d\u2019\u00e9tude des Variations du Climat au Cours du Pl\u00e9istoc\u00e8ne","author":"NJ Shackleton","year":"1974","unstructured":"Shackleton, N. J. in M\u00e9thodes Quantitatives d\u2019\u00e9tude des Variations du Climat au Cours du Pl\u00e9istoc\u00e8ne (ed. Labeyrie, J.) 203\u2013209 (Editions du CNRS, Paris, 1974)."},{"key":"BF35074059_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(94)90383-2","volume":"58","author":"G-P Wu","year":"1994","unstructured":"Wu, G.-P. & Hillaire-Marcel, C. Oxygen isotope compositions of sinistral Neogloboquadrina pachyderma tests in surface sediments: North Atlantic Ocean. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 58, 1303\u20131312 (1994).","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"BF35074059_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1038\/364218a0","volume":"364","author":"W Dansgaard","year":"1993","unstructured":"Dansgaard, W. et al. Evidence for general instability of past climate from a 250-kyr ice-core record. Nature 364, 218\u2013220 (1993).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF35074059_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hillaire-Marcel, C. (ed.). The Labrador Sea during the late Quaternary. Can. J. Earth Sci. (Special issue) 31 (1994).","DOI":"10.1139\/e94-001"},{"key":"BF35074059_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0012-821X(98)00069-7","volume":"159","author":"JS Stoner","year":"1998","unstructured":"Stoner, J. S., Channell, J. E. T. & Hillaire-Marcel, C. A 200 kyr geomagnetic stratigraphy for the Labrador Sea: Indirect correlation of the sediment record to SPECMAP. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 159, 165\u2013181 (1998).","journal-title":"Earth Planet. Sci. Lett."}],"container-title":["Nature"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/35074059.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/35074059","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/35074059.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]],"date-time":"2023-05-17T01:57:52Z","timestamp":1684288672000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/35074059"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,4]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6832","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,4]]}},"alternative-id":["BF35074059"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/35074059","relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-0836","1476-4687"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-0836","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-4687","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,4]]}}}