{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T14:59:32Z","timestamp":1780066772952,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6859","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,11,1]],"date-time":"2001-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1004572800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nature"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,11]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/35102181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T08:31:14Z","timestamp":1027672274000},"page":"118-121","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":768,"title":["Stem cells in tissue engineering"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"414","author":[{"given":"Paolo","family":"Bianco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela Gehron","family":"Robey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"BF35102181_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.med.52.1.443","volume":"52","author":"UA Stock","year":"2001","unstructured":"Stock, U. A. & Vacanti, J. P. Tissue engineering: current state and prospects. Annu. Rev. Med. 52, 443\u2013451 (2001).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Med."},{"key":"BF35102181_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(01)00123-6","volume":"14","author":"E Lagasse","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lagasse, E., Shizuru, J. A., Uchida, N., Tsukamoto, A. & Weissman, I. L. Toward regenerative medicine. Immunity 14, 425\u2013436 (2001).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"BF35102181_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2302","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.84.8.2302","volume":"84","author":"Y Barrandon","year":"1987","unstructured":"Barrandon, Y. & Green, H. Three clonal types of keratinocyte with different capacities for multiplication. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 84, 2302\u20132306 (1987).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BF35102181_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3156","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.061032098","volume":"98","author":"G Pellegrini","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pellegrini, G. et al. p63 identifies keratinocyte stem cells. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 98, 3156\u20133161 (2001).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BF35102181_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524-4725.2000.09215.x","volume":"26","author":"Z Ruszczak","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ruszczak, Z. & Schwartz, R. A. Modern aspects of wound healing: an update. Dermatol. Surg. 26, 219\u2013229 (2000).","journal-title":"Dermatol. Surg."},{"key":"BF35102181_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199909270-00021","volume":"68","author":"G Pellegrini","year":"1999","unstructured":"Pellegrini, G. et al. The control of epidermal stem cells (holoclones) in the treatment of massive full-thickness burns with autologous keratinocytes cultured on fibrin. Transplantation 68, 868\u2013879 (1999).","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"BF35102181_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)11188-0","volume":"349","author":"G Pellegrini","year":"1997","unstructured":"Pellegrini, G. et al. Long-term restoration of damaged corneal surfaces with autologous cultivated corneal epithelium. Lancet 349, 990\u2013993 (1997).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BF35102181_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200007133430202","volume":"343","author":"RJ Tsai","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tsai, R. J., Li, L. M. & Chen, J. K. Reconstruction of damaged corneas by transplantation of autologous limbal epithelial cells. N. Engl. J. Med. 343, 86\u201393 (2000).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"BF35102181_CR9","first-page":"381","volume":"16","author":"AJ Friedenstein","year":"1966","unstructured":"Friedenstein, A. J., Piatetzky, S. II & Petrakova, K. V. Osteogenesis in transplants of bone marrow cells. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 16, 381\u2013390 (1966).","journal-title":"J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol."},{"key":"BF35102181_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI10413","volume":"105","author":"P Bianco","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bianco, P. & Gehron Robey, P. Marrow stromal stem cells. J. Clin. Invest. 105, 1663\u20131668 (2000).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"BF35102181_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.19-3-180","volume":"19","author":"P Bianco","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bianco, P., Riminucci, M., Gronthos, S. & Robey, P. G. Bone marrow stromal stem cells: nature, biology, and potential applications. Stem Cells 19, 180\u2013192 (2001).","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"BF35102181_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(99)00086-1","volume":"20","author":"S Langstaff","year":"1999","unstructured":"Langstaff, S. et al. Resorbable bioceramics based on stabilized calcium phosphates. Part I: rational design, sample preparation and material characterization. Biomaterials 20, 1727\u20131741. (1999).","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"BF35102181_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2529","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(00)00121-6","volume":"21","author":"DW Hutmacher","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hutmacher, D. W. Scaffolds in tissue engineering bone and cartilage. Biomaterials 21, 2529\u20132543 (2000).","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"BF35102181_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199807000-00007","volume":"80","author":"SP Bruder","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bruder, S. P., Kraus, K. H., Goldberg, V. M. & Kadiyala, S. The effect of implants loaded with autologous mesenchymal stem cells on the healing of canine segmental bone defects. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 80, 985\u2013996 (1998).","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg. Am."},{"key":"BF35102181_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199811270-00002","volume":"66","author":"PH Krebsbach","year":"1998","unstructured":"Krebsbach, P. H., Mankani, M. H., Satomura, K., Kuznetsov, S. A. & Robey, P. G. Repair of craniotomy defects using bone marrow stromal cells. Transplantation 66, 1272\u20131278 (1998).","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"BF35102181_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1038\/79449","volume":"18","author":"H Petite","year":"2000","unstructured":"Petite, H. et al. Tissue-engineered bone regeneration. Nature Biotechnol. 18, 959\u2013963 (2000).","journal-title":"Nature Biotechnol."},{"key":"BF35102181_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4636(20000305)49:3<328::AID-JBM5>3.0.CO;2-Q","volume":"49","author":"E Kon","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kon, E. et al. Autologous bone marrow stromal cells loaded onto porous hydroxyapatite ceramic accelerate bone repair in critical-size defects of sheep long bones. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 49, 328\u2013337 (2000).","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res."},{"key":"BF35102181_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200102013440516","volume":"344","author":"R Quarto","year":"2001","unstructured":"Quarto, R. et al. Repair of large bone defects with the use of autologous bone marrow stromal cells. N. Engl. J. Med. 344, 385\u2013386 (2001).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"BF35102181_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.136.3.263","volume":"136","author":"MH Mankani","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mankani, M. H. et al. Pedicled bone flap formation using transplanted bone marrow stromal cells. Arch. Surg. 136, 263\u2013270 (2001).","journal-title":"Arch. Surg."},{"key":"BF35102181_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7294","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.13.7294","volume":"96","author":"Z Hou","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hou, Z. et al. Osteoblast-specific gene expression after transplantation of marrow cells: implications for skeletal gene therapy. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 96, 7294\u20137299 (1999).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BF35102181_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1038\/6529","volume":"5","author":"EM Horwitz","year":"1999","unstructured":"Horwitz, E. M. et al. Transplantability and therapeutic effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cells in children with osteogenesis imperfecta. Nature Med. 5, 309\u2013313 (1999).","journal-title":"Nature Med."},{"key":"BF35102181_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1038\/81395","volume":"6","author":"KW Liechty","year":"2000","unstructured":"Liechty, K. W. et al. Human mesenchymal stem cells engraft and demonstrate site-specific differentiation after in utero transplantation in sheep. Nature Med. 6, 1282\u20131286 (2000).","journal-title":"Nature Med."},{"key":"BF35102181_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1038\/86498","volume":"7","author":"AA Kocher","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kocher, A. A. et al. Neovascularization of ischemic myocardium by human bone-marrow-derived angioblasts prevents cardiomyocyte apoptosis, reduces remodeling and improves cardiac function. Nature Med. 7, 430\u2013436 (2001).","journal-title":"Nature Med."},{"key":"BF35102181_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.1126\/science.279.5356.1528","volume":"279","author":"G Ferrari","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ferrari, G. et al. Muscle regeneration by bone marrow-derived myogenic progenitors. Science 279, 1528\u20131530 (1998).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BF35102181_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1038\/35070587","volume":"410","author":"D Orlic","year":"2001","unstructured":"Orlic, D. et al. Bone marrow cells regenerate infarcted myocardium. Nature 410, 701\u2013705 (2001).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF35102181_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880181212","volume":"18","author":"S Wakitani","year":"1995","unstructured":"Wakitani, S., Saito, T. & Caplan, A. I. Myogenic cells derived from rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells exposed to 5-azacytidine. Muscle Nerve 18, 1417\u20131426 (1995).","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"BF35102181_CR27","first-page":"390","volume":"401","author":"E Gussoni","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gussoni, E. et al. Dystrophin expression in the mdx mouse restored by stem cell transplantation. Nature 401, 390\u2013394 (1999).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF35102181_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI5298","volume":"103","author":"S Makino","year":"1999","unstructured":"Makino, S. et al. Cardiomyocytes can be generated from marrow stromal cells in vitro. J. Clin. Invest. 103, 697\u2013705 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"BF35102181_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI12150","volume":"107","author":"KA Jackson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Jackson, K. A. et al. Regeneration of ischemic cardiac muscle and vascular endothelium by adult stem cells. J. Clin. Invest. 107, 1395\u20131402 (2001).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"BF35102181_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3908","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.7.3908","volume":"95","author":"SA Azizi","year":"1998","unstructured":"Azizi, S. A., Stokes, D., Augelli, B. J., DiGirolamo, C. & Prockop, D. J. Engraftment and migration of human bone marrow stromal cells implanted in the brains of albino rats\u2014similarities to astrocyte grafts. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 95, 3908\u20133913 (1998).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BF35102181_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1038\/81326","volume":"6","author":"E Lagasse","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lagasse, E. et al. Purified hematopoietic stem cells can differentiate into hepatocytes in vivo. Nature Med. 6, 1229\u20131234 (2000).","journal-title":"Nature Med."},{"key":"BF35102181_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.153.5.1133","volume":"153","author":"SA Kuznetsov","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kuznetsov, S. A. et al. Circulating skeletal stem cells. J. Cell Biol. 153, 1133\u20131140 (2001).","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"BF35102181_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-409X(00)00094-6","volume":"44","author":"J Bonadio","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bonadio, J. Tissue engineering via local gene delivery: update and future prospects for enhancing the technology. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 44, 185\u2013194 (2000).","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"BF35102181_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3301142","volume":"7","author":"T Asahara","year":"2000","unstructured":"Asahara, T., Kalka, C. & Isner, J. M. Stem cell therapy and gene transfer for regeneration. Gene Ther. 7, 451\u2013457 (2000).","journal-title":"Gene Ther."},{"key":"BF35102181_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2283","DOI":"10.1089\/104303400750035825","volume":"11","author":"E Dellambra","year":"2000","unstructured":"Dellambra, E. et al. Toward epidermal stem cell-mediated ex vivo gene therapy of Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa. Hum. Gene Ther. 11, 2283\u20132287 (2000).","journal-title":"Hum. Gene Ther."},{"key":"BF35102181_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1006\/mgme.1999.2910","volume":"68","author":"VA Lanzov","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lanzov, V. A. Gene targeting for gene therapy: prospects. Mol. Genet. Metab. 68, 276\u2013282 (1999).","journal-title":"Mol. Genet. Metab."},{"key":"BF35102181_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/156.2.809","volume":"156","author":"J Li","year":"2000","unstructured":"Li, J. & Baker, M. D. Mechanisms involved in targeted gene replacement in mammalian cells. Genetics 156, 809\u2013821 (2000).","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"BF35102181_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.18-5-307","volume":"18","author":"KY Jen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Jen, K. Y. & Gewirtz, A. M. Suppression of gene expression by targeted disruption of messenger RNA: available options and current strategies. Stem Cells 18, 307\u2013319 (2000).","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"BF35102181_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johnstone, B. & Yoo, J. U. Autologous mesenchymal progenitor cells in articular cartilage repair. Clin. Orthop. S156\u2013S162 (1999).","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199910001-00017"},{"key":"BF35102181_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13625","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.240309797","volume":"97","author":"S Gronthos","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gronthos, S., Mankani, M., Brahim, J., Robey, P. G. & Shi, S. Postnatal human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in vitro and in vivo. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 97, 13625\u201313630 (2000).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BF35102181_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1038\/73128","volume":"6","author":"VK Ramiya","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ramiya, V. K. et al. Reversal of insulin-dependent diabetes using islets generated in vitro from pancreatic stem cells. Nature Med. 6, 278\u2013282 (2000).","journal-title":"Nature Med."},{"key":"BF35102181_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1002\/0470870834.ch2","volume":"231","author":"A Bjorklund","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bjorklund, A. Cell replacement strategies for neurodegenerative disorders. Novartis Found. Symp. 231, 7\u201315 (2000).","journal-title":"Novartis Found. Symp."}],"container-title":["Nature"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/35102181.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/35102181","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/35102181.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]],"date-time":"2024-01-03T11:18:17Z","timestamp":1704280697000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/35102181"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,11]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6859","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,11]]}},"alternative-id":["BF35102181"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/35102181","relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-0836","1476-4687"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-0836","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-4687","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,11]]}}}