{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T10:38:04Z","timestamp":1779100684994,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6660","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,12,1]],"date-time":"1997-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":880934400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,12,1]],"date-time":"1997-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":880934400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nature"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,12,11]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/37605","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T08:37:12Z","timestamp":1027672632000},"page":"607-611","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":655,"title":["Fear conditioning induces a lasting potentiation of synaptic currents in vitro"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"390","author":[{"given":"M. G.","family":"McKernan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Shinnick-Gallagher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"BF37605_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1038\/385254a0","volume":"385","author":"SK Scott","year":"1997","unstructured":"Scott, S. K. et al. Impaired auditory recognition of fear and anger following bilateral amygdala lesions. Nature 385, 254\u2013257 (1997).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF37605_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1038\/372669a0","volume":"372","author":"R Aldolphs","year":"1994","unstructured":"Aldolphs, R., Tranel, D., Damasio, H. & Damasio, A. Impaired recognition of emotion in facial expressions following bilateral damage to the human amygdala. Nature 372, 669\u2013672 (1994).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF37605_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02740749","volume":"13","author":"S Maren","year":"1996","unstructured":"Maren, S. Synaptic transmission and plasticity in the amygdala: An emerging physiology of fear conditioning circuits. Mol. Neurobiol. 13, 1\u201322 (1996).","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"BF37605_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(94)90106-6","volume":"17","author":"M Davis","year":"1994","unstructured":"Davis, M., Rainnie, D. & Cassell, M. Neurotransmission in the rat amygdala related to fear and anxiety. Trends Neurosci. 17, 208\u2013214 (1994).","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"BF37605_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ps.46.020195.001233","volume":"46","author":"JE LeDoux","year":"1995","unstructured":"LeDoux, J. E. Emotion: clues from the brain. Annu. Rev. Psychol 46, 209\u2013235 (1995).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol"},{"key":"BF37605_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00242185","volume":"105","author":"XF Li","year":"1995","unstructured":"Li, X. F., Phillips, R. & LeDoux, J. E. NMDA and non-NMDA receptors contribute to synaptic transmission between the medial geniculate body and the lateral nucleus of the amygdala. Exp. Brain Res. 105, 87\u2013100 (1995).","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"BF37605_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2818","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.10-08-02818.1990","volume":"10","author":"MC Clugnet","year":"1990","unstructured":"Clugnet, M. C. & LeDoux, J. E. Synaptic plasticity in fear conditioning circuits: induction of LTP in the lateral nucleus of the amygdala by stimulation of the medial geniculate body. J. Neurosci. 10, 2818\u20132824 (1990).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"BF37605_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(95)90070-5","volume":"15","author":"MT Rogan","year":"1995","unstructured":"Rogan, M. T. & LeDoux, J. E. LTP is accompanied by commensurate enhancement of auditory-evoked responses in a fear conditioning circuit. Neuron 15, 127\u2013136 (1995).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"BF37605_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-4328(93)90102-V","volume":"58","author":"M Davis","year":"1993","unstructured":"Davis, M., Falls, W. A., Campeau, S. & Munsoo, K. Fear-potentiated startle: a neural and pharmacological analysis. Behav. Brain Res. 58, 175\u2013198 (1993).","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"BF37605_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-1047(93)91075-X","volume":"59","author":"M Kim","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kim, M., Campeau, S., Falls, W. A. & Davis, M. Infusion of the non-NMDA receptor antagonist CNQX into the amygdala blocks the expression of fear-potentiated startle. Behav. Neural Biol. 59, 5\u20138 (1993).","journal-title":"Behav. Neural Biol."},{"key":"BF37605_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1038\/345716a0","volume":"345","author":"MJD Miserendino","year":"1990","unstructured":"Miserendino, M. J. D., Sananes, C. B., Melia, K. R. & Davis, M. Blocking of acquisition but not expression of conditioned fear-potentiated startle by NMDA antagonists in the amygdala. Nature 345, 716\u2013718 (1990).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF37605_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902420204","volume":"242","author":"JE LeDoux","year":"1985","unstructured":"LeDoux, J. E., Ruggiero, D. A. & Reis, D. J. Projections from anatomically defined regions of the medial geniculate body in the rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 242, 182\u2013213 (1985).","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"BF37605_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3908(94)90163-5","volume":"33","author":"CG Parsons","year":"1994","unstructured":"Parsons, C. G., Gruner, R. & Rozental, J. Comparative patch clamp studies on the kinetics and selectivity of glutamate receptor antagonism by 2,3-dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulfamoyl-benzo[f]quinoxaline (NBQX) and 1-(4-aminophenyl)-4-methyl-7,8-methyl-endoxyl-5H-2,3-benzodiazepine (GYKI 52466). Neuropharmacology 33, 589\u2013604 (1994).","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"BF37605_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1694","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2904701","volume":"242","author":"D Muller","year":"1988","unstructured":"Muller, D., Joly, M. & Lynch, G. Differential contributions of quisqualate versus NMDA receptors to the induction and expression of long-term potentiation. Science 242, 1694\u20131697 (1988).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BF37605_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(88)90148-1","volume":"1","author":"J Kauer","year":"1988","unstructured":"Kauer, J., Malenka, R. & Nicoll, R. Apersistent postsynaptic modification mediates long-term potentiation in the hippocampus. Neuron 1, 911\u2013917 (1988).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"BF37605_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(94)90318-2","volume":"12","author":"D Kullman","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kullman, D. Amplitude fluctuations of dual-component EPSCs in hippocampal pyramidal cells: Implications for long-term potentiation. Neuron 12, 1111\u20131120 (1994).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"BF37605_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1968.sp008469","volume":"195","author":"B Katz","year":"1968","unstructured":"Katz, B. & Miledi, R. The role of calcium in neuromuscular facilitation. J. Physiol. 195, 481\u2013492 (1968).","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"BF37605_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1980.sp013133","volume":"299","author":"R Creager","year":"1980","unstructured":"Creager, R., Dunwiddie, T. & Lynch, G. Paired-pulse and frequency facilitation in the CA1 region of the in vitro rat hippocampus. J. Physiol. 299, 409\u2013424 (1980).","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"BF37605_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1993.70.4.1451","volume":"70","author":"T Manabe","year":"1993","unstructured":"Manabe, T., Wyllie, D. J. A., Perkel, D. J. & Nicoll, R. A. Modulation of synaptic transmission and long-term potentiation: effects on paired-pulse facilitation and EPSC variance in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. J. Neurophys. 70, 1451\u20131459 (1993).","journal-title":"J. Neurophys."},{"key":"BF37605_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(94)90374-3","volume":"62","author":"U Kuhnt","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kuhnt, U. & Voronin, L. L. Interaction between paired-pulse facilitation and long-term potentiation in area CA1 of guinea-pig hippocampal slices: application of quantal analysis. Neuroscience 62, 391\u2013397 (1994).","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"BF37605_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5325","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.14-09-05325.1994","volume":"14","author":"P Shulz","year":"1994","unstructured":"Shulz, P., Cook, E. & Johnston, D. Changes in paired-pulse facilitation suggest presynaptic involvement in long-term potentiation. J. Neurosci. 14, 5325\u20135337 (1994).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"BF37605_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00228747","volume":"101","author":"KA Clark","year":"1994","unstructured":"Clark, K. A., Randall, A. D. & Collinridge, G. L. Acomparison of paired-pulse facilitation of AMPA and NMDA receptor-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents in the hippocampus. Exp. Brain Res. 101, 272\u2013278 (1994).","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"BF37605_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.890050203","volume":"5","author":"D Muller","year":"1990","unstructured":"Muller, D. & Lynch, G. Synaptic modulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated responses in hippocampus. Synapse 5, 94\u2013103 (1990).","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"BF37605_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.08-04-01313.1988","volume":"8","author":"J Lin","year":"1988","unstructured":"Lin, J. & Faber, D. Synaptic transmission mediated by single club endings on the goldfish Mauthner cell. II. Plasticity of excitatory ostsynaptic potentials. J. Neurosci. 8, 1313\u20131325 (1988).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"BF37605_CR25","first-page":"1536","volume":"22","author":"M McKernan","year":"1996","unstructured":"McKernan, M. & Shinnick-Gallagher, P. Paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) in an internal capsule-lateral amygdala pathway. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 22, 1536 (1996).","journal-title":"Soc. Neurosci. Abstr."},{"key":"BF37605_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-03-00983.1997","volume":"17","author":"V Neugebauer","year":"1997","unstructured":"Neugebauer, V., Keele, N. B. & Shinnick-Gallagher, P. Epileptogenesis in vivo enhances the sensitivity of inhibitory presynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptors in basolateral amygdala neurons in vitro. J. Neurosci. 17, 983\u2013995 (1997).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"BF37605_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0270(89)90131-3","volume":"30","author":"MG Blanton","year":"1989","unstructured":"Blanton, M. G., Lo Turco, J. J. & Kriegstein, A. R. Whole cell recording from neurons in slices of reptilian and mammalian cerebral cortex. J. Neurosci. Meth. 30, 203\u2013210 (1989).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Meth."},{"key":"BF37605_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1994.72.1.326","volume":"72","author":"M Andreasen","year":"1994","unstructured":"Andreasen, M. & Hablitz, J. Paired-pulse facilitation in the dentate gyrus: A patch-clamp study in the rat hippocampus in vitro. J. Neurophysiol. 72, 326\u2013336 (1994).","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"BF37605_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(86)90032-6","volume":"36","author":"JV Cassella","year":"1986","unstructured":"Cassella, J. V. & Davis, M. The design and calibration of a startle measurement system. Physiol. and Behav. 36, 377\u2013383 (1986).","journal-title":"Physiol. and Behav."}],"container-title":["Nature"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/37605.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/37605","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/37605.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]],"date-time":"2023-05-17T02:58:39Z","timestamp":1684292319000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/37605"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,12,1]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6660","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,12,11]]}},"alternative-id":["BF37605"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/37605","relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-0836","1476-4687"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-0836","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-4687","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,12,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 October 1997","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 November 1997","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 December 1997","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}