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Using Surveys to Value Public Goods: the Contingent Valuation Method (Resources for the Future, Washington DC, 1989). 10. Costanza, R., Farber, S. C. & Maxwell, J. Valuation and management of wetlands ecosystems. Ecol. Econ. 1,335-361 (1989). 11. Dixon, J. A. & Sherman, P. B. Economics of Protected Areas (Island, Washington DC, 1990). 12. Barde, J.-P. & Pearce, D. W. Valuing the Environment: Six Case Studies (Earthscan, London, 1991). 13. Aylward, B. A. & Barbier, E. B. Valuing environmental functions in developing countries. Biodiv. Cons. 1,34(1992). 14. Pearce, D. Economic Values and the Natural World (Earthscan, London, 1993). 15. Goulder, L. H. & Kennedy, D. in Nature's Services: Societal Dependence on Natural Ecosystems (ed. Daily, G.) 23-48 (Island, Washington DC, 1997). 16. Costanza, R. & Folke, C. in Nature's Services: Societal Dependence on Natural Ecosystems (ed. Daily, G.) 49-70 (Island, Washington DC, 1997). 17. Matthews, E. 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Primary production required to sustain global fisheries. Nature 374, 255-257(1995). 26. Costanza, R. & Neil, C. in Energy and Ecological Modeling (eds Mitsch, W. J., Bosserman, R. W. & Klopatek, J. M.) 745-755 (Elsevier, New York, 1981). 27. Costanza, R. & Hannon, B. M. in Network Analysis of Marine Ecosystems: Methods and Applications (eds Wulff, E, Field, J. G. & Mann, K. H.) 90-115 (Springer, Heidelberg, 1989). 28. Alexander, A., List, J., Margolis, M. & d'Arge, R. Alternative methods of valuing global ecosystem services. Ecol. Econ. (submitted). 29. Costanza, R., Wainger, L., Folke, C. & Maler, K.-G. Modeling complex ecological economic systems: toward an evolutionary, dynamic understanding of people and nature. BioScience43,545-555 (1993). 30. Bockstael, N. et al. Ecological economic modeling and valuation of ecosystems. Ecol. Econ. 14, 143-159(1995). 31. Daly, H. E. & Cobb, J. 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