{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T03:17:24Z","timestamp":1779247044466,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6884","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,5,1]],"date-time":"2002-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1020211200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nature"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,5]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/417039a","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T08:56:51Z","timestamp":1027673811000},"page":"39-44","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1165,"title":["Astroglia induce neurogenesis from adult neural stem cells"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"417","author":[{"given":"Hongjun","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles F.","family":"Stevens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fred H.","family":"Gage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"BF417039a_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(99)80017-8","volume":"9","author":"S Temple","year":"1999","unstructured":"Temple, S. & Alvarez-Buylla, A. Stem cells in the adult mammalian central nervous system. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 9, 135\u2013141 (1999)","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"BF417039a_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5457.1433","volume":"287","author":"FH Gage","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gage, F. H. Mammalian neural stem cells. Science 287, 1433\u20131438 (2000)","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BF417039a_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1038\/35102174","volume":"414","author":"S Temple","year":"2001","unstructured":"Temple, S. The development of neural stem cells. Nature 414, 112\u2013117 (2001)","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF417039a_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-03-00614.2002","volume":"22","author":"P Rakic","year":"2002","unstructured":"Rakic, P. Adult neurogenesis in mammals: an identity crisis. J. Neurosci. 22, 614\u2013618 (2002)","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"BF417039a_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2218","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-06-02218.2000","volume":"20","author":"P Horner","year":"2000","unstructured":"Horner, P. et al. Proliferation and differentiation of progenitor cells throughout the intact adult rat spinal cord. J. Neurosci. 20, 2218\u20132228 (2000)","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"BF417039a_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1038\/35016083","volume":"405","author":"SS Magavi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Magavi, S. S., Leavitt, B. R. & Macklis, J. D. Induction of neurogenesis in the neocortex of adult mice. Nature 405, 892\u2013893 (2000)","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF417039a_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2127","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1065467","volume":"294","author":"DR Kornack","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kornack, D. R. & Rakic, P. Cell proliferation without neurogenesis in adult primate neocortex. Science 294, 2127\u20132130 (2001)","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BF417039a_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1553558","volume":"255","author":"BA Reynolds","year":"1992","unstructured":"Reynolds, B. A. & Weiss, S. Generation of neurons and astrocytes from isolated cells of the adult mammalian central nervous system. Science 255, 1707\u20131710 (1992)","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BF417039a_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2074","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.5.2074","volume":"90","author":"C Lois","year":"1993","unstructured":"Lois, C. & Alvarez-Buylla, A. Proliferating subventricular zone cells in the adult mammalian forebrain can differentiate into neurons and glia. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 90, 2074\u20132077 (1993)","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BF417039a_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1006\/mcne.1996.0595","volume":"8","author":"TD Palmer","year":"1997","unstructured":"Palmer, T. D., Takahashi, J. & Gage, F. H. The adult rat hippocampus contains primordial neural stem cells. Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 8, 389\u2013404 (1997)","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"BF417039a_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1997.6697","volume":"148","author":"LS Shihabuddin","year":"1997","unstructured":"Shihabuddin, L. S., Ray, J. & Gage, F. H. FGF-2 is sufficient to isolate progenitors found in the adult mammalian spinal cord. Exp. Neurol. 148, 577\u2013586 (1997)","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"BF417039a_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1126\/science.276.5312.586","volume":"276","author":"LJ Kehl","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kehl, L. J., Fairbanks, C. A., Laughlin, T. M. & Wilcox, G. L. Neurogenesis in postnatal rat spinal cord: a study in primary culture. Science 276, 586\u2013589 (1997)","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BF417039a_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8487","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-19-08487.1999","volume":"19","author":"TD Palmer","year":"1999","unstructured":"Palmer, T. D., Markakis, E. A., Willhoite, A. R., Safar, F. & Gage, F. H. Fibroblast growth factor-2 activates a latent neurogenic program in neural stem cells from diverse regions of the adult CNS. J. Neurosci. 19, 8487\u20138497 (1999)","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"BF417039a_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1754","DOI":"10.1126\/science.289.5485.1754","volume":"289","author":"T Kondo","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kondo, T. & Raff, M. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells reprogrammed to become multipotential CNS stem cells. Science 289, 1754\u20131757 (2000)","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BF417039a_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1038\/383624a0","volume":"383","author":"JO Suhonen","year":"1996","unstructured":"Suhonen, J. O., Peterson, D. A., Ray, J. & Gage, F. H. Differentiation of adult hippocampus-derived progenitors into olfactory neurons in vivo. Nature 383, 624\u2013627 (1996)","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF417039a_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8727","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-23-08727.2000","volume":"20","author":"LS Shihabuddin","year":"2000","unstructured":"Shihabuddin, L. S., Horner, P. J., Ray, J. & Gage, F. H. Adult spinal cord stem cells generate neurons after transplantation in the adult dentate gyrus. J. Neurosci. 20, 8727\u20138735 (2000)","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"BF417039a_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4695(199901)38:1<65::AID-NEU5>3.0.CO;2-Q","volume":"38","author":"J Takahashi","year":"1999","unstructured":"Takahashi, J., Palmer, T. D. & Gage, F. H. Retinoic acid and neurotrophins collaborate to regulate neurogenesis in adult-derived neural stem cell cultures. J. Neurobiol. 38, 65\u201381 (1999)","journal-title":"J. Neurobiol."},{"key":"BF417039a_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(90)90662-X","volume":"60","author":"U Lendahl","year":"1990","unstructured":"Lendahl, U., Zimmerman, L. B. & McKay, R. D. CNS stem cells express a new class of intermediate filament protein. Cell 60, 585\u2013595 (1990)","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BF417039a_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)00086-6","volume":"28","author":"X Qian","year":"2000","unstructured":"Qian, X. et al. Timing of CNS cell generation: a programmed sequence of neuron and glial cell production from isolated murine cortical stem cells. Neuron 28, 69\u201380 (2000)","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"BF417039a_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-9861(20001002)425:4<479::AID-CNE2>3.0.CO;2-3","volume":"425","author":"TD Palmer","year":"2000","unstructured":"Palmer, T. D., Willhoite, A. & Gage, F. H. Vascular niche for adult hippocampal neurogenesis. J. Comp. Neurol. 425, 479\u2013494 (2000)","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"BF417039a_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.147.6.1123","volume":"147","author":"BA Barres","year":"1999","unstructured":"Barres, B. A. & Raff, M. C. Axonal control of oligodendrocyte development. J. Cell Biol. 147, 1123\u20131238 (1999)","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"BF417039a_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(97)01139-9","volume":"20","author":"JR Ridet","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ridet, J. R., Malhotra, S. K., Privat, A. & Gage, F. H. Reactive astrocytes: cellular and molecular cues to biological function. Trends Neurosci. 20, 570\u2013577 (1997)","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"BF417039a_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/4913.003.0020","volume-title":"Culturing Nerve Cells","author":"K Goslin","year":"1998","unstructured":"Goslin, K., Asmussen, H. & Banker, G. in Culturing Nerve Cells (eds Banker, G. & Goslin, K.) 339\u2013370 (The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1998)"},{"key":"BF417039a_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7526","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.13.7526","volume":"96","author":"DA Lim","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lim, D. A. & Alvarez-Buylla, A. Interaction between astrocytes and adult subventricular zone precursors stimulates neurogenesis. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 96, 7526\u20137536 (1999)","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BF417039a_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7403847","volume":"209","author":"GA Banker","year":"1980","unstructured":"Banker, G. A. Trophic interactions between astroglial cells and hippocampal neurons in culture. Science 209, 809\u2013810 (1980)","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BF417039a_CR26","first-page":"103","volume-title":"Current Topics in Developmental Biology","author":"WM Cowan","year":"1980","unstructured":"Cowan, W. M., Stanfield, B. B. & Kishi, K. in Current Topics in Developmental Biology (ed. Hunt, K.) 103\u2013157 (Academic, New York, 1980)"},{"key":"BF417039a_CR27","first-page":"149","volume-title":"From Neuron To Brain","author":"JG Nicholls","year":"1992","unstructured":"Nicholls, J. G., Martin, A. R. & Wallace, B. G. From Neuron To Brain 3rd edn, 149\u2013152 (Sinauer, Sunderland, Massachussetts, 1992)"},{"key":"BF417039a_CR28","volume-title":"Principle of Neural Science","author":"ER Kandel","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kandel, E. R., Schwartz, J. H. & Jessell, T. M. Principle of Neural Science (McGraw-Hill, New York, 2000)"},{"key":"BF417039a_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-06-02027.1996","volume":"16","author":"HG Kuhn","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kuhn, H. G., Dickinson-Anson, H. & Gage, F. H. Neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the adult rat: age-related decrease of neuronal progenitor proliferation. J. Neurosci. 16, 2027\u20132033 (1996)","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"BF417039a_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(92)90139-5","volume":"8","author":"SK Pixley","year":"1992","unstructured":"Pixley, S. K. CNS glial cells support in vitro survival, division, and differentiation of dissociated olfactory neuronal progenitor cells. Neuron 8, 1191\u20131204 (1992)","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"BF417039a_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1126\/science.291.5504.657","volume":"291","author":"EM Ullian","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ullian, E. M., Sapperstein, S. K., Christopherson, K. S. & Barres, B. A. Control of synapse number by glia. Science 291, 657\u2013661 (2001)","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BF417039a_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1126\/science.294.5545.1354","volume":"294","author":"DH Mauch","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mauch, D. H. et al. CNS synaptogenesis promoted by glia-derived cholesterol. Science 294, 1354\u20131357 (2001)","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BF417039a_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1038\/35058528","volume":"2","author":"PG Haydon","year":"2001","unstructured":"Haydon, P. G. GLIA: listening and talking to the synapse. Nature Rev. Neurosci. 2, 185\u2013193 (2001)","journal-title":"Nature Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"BF417039a_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1058827","volume":"292","author":"MK Lino","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lino, M. K. et al. Glia-synapse interaction through Ca2 +-permeable AMPA receptors in Bergmann glia. Science 292, 926\u2013929 (2001)","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BF417039a_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1059162","volume":"292","author":"SH Oliet","year":"2001","unstructured":"Oliet, S. H. et al. Control of glutamate clearance and synaptic efficacy by glial coverage of neurons. Science 292, 923\u2013926 (2001)","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BF417039a_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1038\/35077000","volume":"411","author":"AB Smit","year":"2001","unstructured":"Smit, A. B. et al. A glia-derived acetylcholine-binding protein that modulates synaptic transmission. Nature 411, 261\u2013268 (2001)","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF417039a_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1038\/35055553","volume":"409","author":"SC Noctor","year":"2001","unstructured":"Noctor, S. C., Flint, A. C., Weissman, T. A., Dammerman, R. S. & Kriegstein, A. R. Neurons derived from radial glial cells establish radial units in neocortex. Nature 409, 714\u2013720 (2001)","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF417039a_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(01)00420-2","volume":"31","author":"T Miyata","year":"2001","unstructured":"Miyata, T., Kawaguchi, A., Okano, H. & Ogawa, M. Asymmetric inheritance of radial glial fibers by cortical neurons. Neuron 31, 727\u2013741 (2001)","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"BF417039a_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)00148-3","volume":"28","author":"DA Lim","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lim, D. A. et al. Noggin antagonizes BMP signalling to create a niche for adult neurogenesis. Neuron 28, 713\u2013726 (2000)","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"BF417039a_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7834","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.17.7834","volume":"88","author":"JM Bekkers","year":"1991","unstructured":"Bekkers, J. M. & Stevens, C. F. Excitatory and inhibitory autaptic currents in isolated hippocampal neurons maintained in cell culture. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 88, 7834\u20137838 (1991)","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BF417039a_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/4913.003.0025","volume-title":"Culturing Nerve Cells","author":"M Noble","year":"1998","unstructured":"Noble, M. & Mayer-Proschel, M. in Culturing Nerve Cells (eds Banker, G. & Golsin, K.) 499\u2013544 (The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1998)"},{"key":"BF417039a_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.440050111","volume":"5","author":"JP Schwartz","year":"1992","unstructured":"Schwartz, J. P. & Wilson, D. J. Preparation and characterization of type 1 astrocytes cultured from adult rat cortex, cerebellum, and striatum. Glia 5, 75\u201380 (1992)","journal-title":"Glia"}],"container-title":["Nature"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/417039a.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/417039a","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/417039a.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T00:30:54Z","timestamp":1684369854000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/417039a"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,5]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6884","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,5]]}},"alternative-id":["BF417039a"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/417039a","relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-0836","1476-4687"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-0836","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-4687","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,5]]}}}