{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T07:16:52Z","timestamp":1771485412643,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,12,1]],"date-time":"2000-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":975628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Biotechnol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,12]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/82422","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T08:35:11Z","timestamp":1027672511000},"page":"1298-1302","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["A ubiquitin-based tagging system for controlled modulation of protein stability"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Jeffrey H.","family":"Stack","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Whitney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Steven M.","family":"Rodems","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Brian A.","family":"Pollok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"BFnbt1200_1298_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/S0962-8924(98)01346-4","volume":"8","author":"DH Lee","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lee, D.H. & Goldberg, A.L. Proteasome inhibitors: valuable new tools for cell biologists. Trends Cell Biol. 8, 397\u2013403 (1998).","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."},{"key":"BFnbt1200_1298_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.67.1.425","volume":"67","author":"A Hershko","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hershko, A. & Ciechanover, A. The ubiquitin system . Ann. Rev. Biochem. 67, 425\u2013 479 (1998).","journal-title":"Ann. Rev. Biochem."},{"key":"BFnbt1200_1298_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/19.1.94","volume":"19","author":"JS Thrower","year":"2000","unstructured":"Thrower, J.S., Hoffman, L., Rechsteiner, M. & Pickart, C.M. Recognition of the polyubiquitin proteolytic signal. EMBO J. 19, 94\u2013102 (2000).","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"BFnbt1200_1298_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12142","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.22.12142","volume":"93,","author":"A Varshavsky","year":"1996","unstructured":"Varshavsky, A. The N-end rule: functions, mysteries, uses. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93, 12142\u201312149 ( 1996).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFnbt1200_1298_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80753-9","volume":"97","author":"DM Koepp","year":"1999","unstructured":"Koepp, D.M., Harper, J.W. & Elledge, S.J. How the cyclin became a cyclin: regulated proteolysis in the cell cycle. Cell 97, 431\u2013 434 (1999).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnbt1200_1298_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80752-7","volume":"97","author":"JD Laney","year":"1999","unstructured":"Laney, J.D. & Hochstrasser, M. Substrate targeting in the ubiquitin as a degradation signal. Cell 97, 427\u2013430 (1999).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnbt1200_1298_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1992.tb05080.x","volume":"11","author":"ES Johnson","year":"1992","unstructured":"Johnson, E.S., Bartel, B., Seufert, W. & Varshavsky, A. Ubiquitin as a degradation signal. EMBO J. 11, 497 \u2013505 (1992).","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"BFnbt1200_1298_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17442","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.29.17442","volume":"270","author":"ES Johnson","year":"1995","unstructured":"Johnson, E.S., Ma, P.C., Ota, I.M. & Varshavsky, A. A proteolytic pathway that recognizes ubiquitin as a degradation signal. J. Biol. Chem. 270, 17442\u201317456 ( 1995).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BFnbt1200_1298_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1093\/protein\/12.12.1035","volume":"12","author":"P Corish","year":"1999","unstructured":"Corish, P. & Tyler-Smith, C. Attenuation of green fluorescent protein half-life in mammalian cells. Protein Eng. 12, 1035\u20131040 ( 1999).","journal-title":"Protein Eng."},{"key":"BFnbt1200_1298_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34970","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.52.34970","volume":"273","author":"X Li","year":"1998","unstructured":"Li, X. et al. Generation of destabilized green fluorescent protein as a transcription reporter . J. Biol. Chem. 273, 34970\u2013 34975 (1998).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BFnbt1200_1298_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(91)90270-L","volume":"103","author":"JF Thompson","year":"1991","unstructured":"Thompson, J.F., Hayes, L.S. & Lloyd, D.B. Modulation of firefly luciferase stability and impact on studies of gene regulation. Gene 103, 171\u2013177 (1991).","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"BFnbt1200_1298_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006089924093","volume":"37","author":"CK Worley","year":"1998","unstructured":"Worley, C.K., Ling, R. & Callis, J. Engineering in vivo instability of firefly luciferase and Escherichia coli beta-glucuronidase in higher plants using recognition elements from the ubiquitin pathway. Plant Mol. Biol. 37, 337\u2013347 (1998).","journal-title":"Plant Mol. Biol."},{"key":"BFnbt1200_1298_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16364","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)37602-6","volume":"263","author":"TR Butt","year":"1988","unstructured":"Butt, T.R., Khan, M.I., Marsh, J., Ecker, D.J. & Crooke, S.T. Ubiquitin\u2013metallothionein fusion protein expression in yeast. A genetic approach for analysis of ubiquitin functions. J. Biol. Chem. 263, 16364\u2013 16371 (1988).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BFnbt1200_1298_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(89)90635-1","volume":"56","author":"A Bachmair","year":"1989","unstructured":"Bachmair, A. & Varshavsky, A. The degradation signal in a short-lived protein. Cell 56, 1019\u20131032 (1989).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnbt1200_1298_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1126\/science.279.5347.84","volume":"279","author":"G Zlokarnik","year":"1998","unstructured":"Zlokarnik, G. et al. Quantitation of transcription and clonal selection of single living cells with beta-lactamase as reporter. Science 279, 84\u201388 (1998).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnbt1200_1298_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1038\/4302","volume":"16","author":"M Whitney","year":"1998","unstructured":"Whitney, M. et al. A genome-wide functional assay of signal transduction in living mammalian cells. Nat. Biotechnol. 16, 1329\u2013 1333 (1998).","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"BFnbt1200_1298_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3018930","volume":"234","author":"A Bachmair","year":"1986","unstructured":"Bachmair, A., Finley, D. & Varshavsky, A. In vivo half-life of a protein is a function of its amino-terminal residue. Science 234, 179 \u2013186 (1986).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnbt1200_1298_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16700","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)84762-2","volume":"264","author":"DK Gonda","year":"1989","unstructured":"Gonda, D.K. et al. Universality and structure of the N-end rule. J. Biol. Chem. 264, 16700\u201316712 ( 1989).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BFnbt1200_1298_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1038\/75406","volume":"18","author":"NP Dantuma","year":"2000","unstructured":"Dantuma, N.P., Lindsten, K., Glas, R., Jellne, M. & Masucci, M.G. Short-lived green fluorescent proteins for quantifying ubiquitin\/proteasome-dependent proteolysis in living cells. Nat. Biotechnol. 18, 538\u2013 543 (2000).","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"BFnbt1200_1298_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s004270050228","volume":"209","author":"H Deichsel","year":"1999","unstructured":"Deichsel, H. et al. Green fluorescent proteins with short half-lives as reporters in Dictyostelium discoideum. Dev. Genes Evol. 209, 63\u201368 (1999).","journal-title":"Dev. Genes Evol."},{"key":"BFnbt1200_1298_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/17.24.7151","volume":"17","author":"A Ciechanover","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ciechanover, A. The ubiquitin\u2013proteasome pathway: on protein death and cell life. EMBO J. 17, 1751\u20131760 ( 1998).","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"BFnbt1200_1298_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21244","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.30.21244","volume":"274","author":"X Li","year":"1999","unstructured":"Li, X. et al. Characterization of NFkappaB activation by detection of green fluorescent protein-tagged IkappaB degradation in living cells. J. Biol. Chem. 274, 21244\u201321250 ( 1999).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BFnbt1200_1298_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.67.1.509","volume":"67","author":"RY Tsien","year":"1998","unstructured":"Tsien, R.Y. The green fluorescent protein. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 67 , 509\u2013544 (1998).","journal-title":"Ann. Rev. Biochem."},{"key":"BFnbt1200_1298_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(91)04008-C","volume":"204","author":"TA Kunkel","year":"1991","unstructured":"Kunkel, T.A., Bebenek, K. & McClary, J. Efficient site-directed mutagenesis using uracil-containing DNA. Methods Enzymol. 204, 125\u2013 139 (1991).","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"BFnbt1200_1298_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(85)91050-2","volume":"128","author":"A Hershko","year":"1985","unstructured":"Hershko, A. & Heller, H. Occurrence of a polyubiquitin structure in ubiquitin\u2013protein conjugates. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 128, 1079\u20131086 (1985).","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."}],"container-title":["Nature Biotechnology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nbt1200_1298.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nbt1200_1298","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/doifinder\/10.1038\/82422","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nbt1200_1298.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T19:46:46Z","timestamp":1684439206000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nbt1200_1298"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,12]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,12]]}},"alternative-id":["BFnbt1200_1298"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/82422","relation":{},"ISSN":["1087-0156","1546-1696"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1087-0156","type":"print"},{"value":"1546-1696","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,12]]}}}