{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T04:07:21Z","timestamp":1774670841097,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,4,1]],"date-time":"2001-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":986083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,4,1]],"date-time":"2001-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":986083200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,4]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/86302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T04:41:29Z","timestamp":1027658489000},"page":"301-306","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1191,"title":["Thymic selection of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells induced by an agonist self-peptide"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Martha S.","family":"Jordan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alina","family":"Boesteanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Amy J.","family":"Reed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andria L.","family":"Petrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andrea E.","family":"Holenbeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Melissa A.","family":"Lerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Naji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Caton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"BFni0401_301_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.17.1.829","volume":"17","author":"E Sebzda","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sebzda, E. et al. Selection of the T cell repertoire. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 17, 829\u2013874 (1999).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"BFni0401_301_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80282-4","volume":"6","author":"KA Hogquist","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hogquist, K. A. et al. Identification of a naturally occurring ligand for thymic positive selection. Immunity 6, 389\u2013399 (1997).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"BFni0401_301_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1126\/science.275.5300.678","volume":"275","author":"N Nakano","year":"1997","unstructured":"Nakano, N., Rooke, R., Benoist, C. & Mathis, D. Positive selection of T cells induced by viral delivery of neopeptides to the thymus. Science 275, 678\u2013683 (1997).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFni0401_301_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1038\/364642a0","volume":"364","author":"T Pawlowski","year":"1993","unstructured":"Pawlowski, T., Elliott, J. D., Loh, D. Y. & Staerz, U. D. Positive selection of T lymphocytes on fibroblasts. Nature 364, 642\u2013645 (1993).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFni0401_301_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.189.10.1531","volume":"189","author":"CB Williams","year":"1999","unstructured":"Williams, C. B. et al. A kinetic threshold between negative and positive selection based on the longevity of the T cell receptor-ligand complex. J. Exp. Med. 189, 1531\u20131544 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"BFni0401_301_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90169-4","volume":"76","author":"KA Hogquist","year":"1994","unstructured":"Hogquist, K. A. et al. T cell receptor antagonist peptides induce positive selection. Cell 76, 17\u201327 (1994).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFni0401_301_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1038\/369750a0","volume":"369","author":"SC Jameson","year":"1994","unstructured":"Jameson, S. C., Hogquist, K. A. & Bevan, M. J. Specificity and flexibility in thymic selection. Nature 369, 750\u2013752 (1994).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFni0401_301_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90505-3","volume":"76","author":"P Ashton-Rickardt","year":"1994","unstructured":"Ashton-Rickardt, P. G. et al. Evidence for a differential avidity model of T cell selection in the thymus. Cell 76, 651\u2013663 (1994).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFni0401_301_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8128249","volume":"263","author":"E Sebzda","year":"1994","unstructured":"Sebzda, E. et al. Positive and negative thymocyte selection induced by different concentrations of a single peptide. Science 263, 1615\u20131618 (1994).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFni0401_301_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.176.1.213","volume":"176","author":"LM Spain","year":"1992","unstructured":"Spain, L. M. & Berg, L. J. Developmental regulation of thymocyte susceptibility to deletion by \u201cself\u201d-peptide. J. Exp. Med. 176, 213\u2013223 (1992).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"BFni0401_301_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5317","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.9.5317","volume":"162","author":"M Itoh","year":"1999","unstructured":"Itoh, M. et al. Thymus and autoimmunity: production of CD25+CD4+ naturally anergic and suppressive T cells as a key function of the thymus in maintaining immunologic self-tolerance. J. Immunol. 162, 5317\u20135326 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFni0401_301_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.160.3.1212","volume":"160","author":"E Suri-Payer","year":"1998","unstructured":"Suri-Payer, E., Amar, A. Z., Thornton, A. M. & Shevach, E. M. CD4+CD25+ T cells inhibit both the induction and effector function of autoreactive T cells and represent a unique lineage of immunoregulatory cells. J. Immunol. 160, 1212\u20131218 (1998).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFni0401_301_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/10.12.1969","volume":"10","author":"T Takahashi","year":"1998","unstructured":"Takahashi, T. et al. Immunologic self-tolerance maintained by CD25+CD4+ naturally anergic and suppressive T cells: induction of autoimmune disease by breaking their anergic\/suppressive state. Int. Immunol. 10, 1969\u20131980 (1998).","journal-title":"Int. Immunol."},{"key":"BFni0401_301_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.188.2.287","volume":"188","author":"AM Thornton","year":"1998","unstructured":"Thornton, A. M. & Shevach, E. M. CD4+CD25+ immunoregulatory T cells suppress polyclonal T cell activation in vitro by inhibiting interleukin 2 production. J. Exp. Med. 188, 287\u2013296 (1998).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"BFni0401_301_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4141(200001)30:1<136::AID-IMMU136>3.0.CO;2-0","volume":"30","author":"MS Jordan","year":"2000","unstructured":"Jordan, M. S., Riley, M. P., von Boehmer, H. & Caton, A. J. Anergy and suppression regulate CD4+ T cell responses to a self peptide. Eur. J. Immunol. 30, 136\u2013144 (2000).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFni0401_301_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.180.1.25","volume":"180","author":"J Kirberg","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kirberg, J. et al. Thymic selection of CD8+ single positive cells with a class II major histocompatibility complex-restricted receptor. J. Exp. Med. 180, 25\u201334 (1994).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"BFni0401_301_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.184.2.387","volume":"184","author":"M Asano","year":"1996","unstructured":"Asano, M., Toda, M., Sakaguchi, N. & Sakaguchi, S. Autoimmune disease as a consequence of developmental abnormality of a T cell subpopulation. J. Exp. Med. 184, 387\u2013396 (1996).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"BFni0401_301_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4870","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.9.4870","volume":"165","author":"MP Riley","year":"2000","unstructured":"Riley, M. P. et al. Graded deletion and virus-induced activation of autoreactive CD4+ T Cells. J. Immunol. 165, 4870\u20134876 (2000).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFni0401_301_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830240122","volume":"24","author":"D Brandle","year":"1994","unstructured":"Brandle, D. et al. Regulation of RAG-1 and CD69 expression in the thymus during positive and negative selection. Eur. J. Immunol. 24, 145\u2013151 (1994).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFni0401_301_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2588","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.154.6.2588","volume":"154","author":"JP Dutz","year":"1995","unstructured":"Dutz, J. P., Ong, C. J., Marth, J. & Teh, H. S. Distinct differentiative stages of CD4+CD8+ thymocyte development defined by the lack of coreceptor binding in positive selection. J. Immunol. 154, 2588\u20132599 (1995).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFni0401_301_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2301","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.188.12.2301","volume":"188","author":"HS Azzam","year":"1998","unstructured":"Azzam, H. S. et al. CD5 expression is developmentally regulated by T cell receptor (TCR) signals and TCR avidity. J. Exp. Med. 188, 2301\u20132311 (1998).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"BFni0401_301_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.186.7.1149","volume":"186","author":"M Merkenschlager","year":"1997","unstructured":"Merkenschlager, M. et al. How many thymocytes audition for selection? J. Exp. Med. 186, 1149\u20131158 (1997).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"BFni0401_301_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3087","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.145.9.3087","volume":"145","author":"AM Haberman","year":"1990","unstructured":"Haberman, A. M., Moller, C., McCreedy, D. & Gerhard, W. U. A large degree of functional diversity exists among helper T cells specific for the same antigenic site of influenza hemagglutinin. J. Immunol. 145, 3087\u20133094 (1990).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFni0401_301_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.182.5.1327","volume":"182","author":"DM Cerasoli","year":"1995","unstructured":"Cerasoli, D. M., Riley, M. P., Shih, F. F. & Caton, A. J. Genetic basis for T cell recognition of a major histocompatibility complex class II-restricted neo-self peptide. J. Exp. Med. 182, 1327\u20131336 (1995).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"BFni0401_301_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(93)90370-M","volume":"166","author":"V Kouskoff","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kouskoff, V. et al. A vector driving the expression of foreign cDNAs in the MHC class II-positive cells of transgenic mice. J. Immunol. Methods 166, 287\u2013291 (1993).","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"BFni0401_301_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8171333","volume":"264","author":"MJ Bevan","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bevan, M. J., Hogquist, K. A. & Jameson, S. C. Selecting the T cell receptor repertoire. Science 264, 796\u2013797 (1994).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFni0401_301_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1038\/356793a0","volume":"356","author":"S Weber","year":"1992","unstructured":"Weber, S. et al. Specific low-affinity recognition of major histocompatibility complex plus peptide by soluble T-cell receptor. Nature 356, 793\u2013796 (1992).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFni0401_301_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/1074-7613(95)90160-4","volume":"3","author":"KA Hogquist","year":"1995","unstructured":"Hogquist, K. A., Jameson, S. C. & Bevan, M. J. Strong agonist ligands for the T cell receptor do not mediate positive selection of functional CD8+ T cells. Immunity 3, 79\u201386 (1995).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"BFni0401_301_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4205","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.159.9.4205","volume":"159","author":"C Girao","year":"1997","unstructured":"Girao, C., Hu, Q., Sun, J. & Ashton-Rickardt, P. G. Limits to the differential avidity model of T cell selection in the thymus. J. Immunol. 159, 4205\u20134211 (1997).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFni0401_301_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1038\/383081a0","volume":"383","author":"TM Laufer","year":"1996","unstructured":"Laufer, T. M. et al. Unopposed positive selection and autoreactivity in mice expressing class II MHC only on thymic cortex. Nature 383, 81\u201385 (1996).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFni0401_301_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830220704","volume":"22","author":"G Schonrich","year":"1992","unstructured":"Schonrich, G., Momburg, F., Hammerling, G. J. & Arnold, B. Anergy induced by thymic medullary epithelium. Eur. J. Immunol. 22, 1687\u20131691 (1992).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFni0401_301_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7555","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.16.7555","volume":"92","author":"Y Modigliani","year":"1995","unstructured":"Modigliani, Y. et al. Lymphocytes selected in allogeneic thymic epithelium mediate dominant tolerance toward tissue grafts of the thymic epithelium haplotype. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 92, 7555\u20137559 (1995).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFni0401_301_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.189.5.877","volume":"189","author":"B Seddon","year":"1999","unstructured":"Seddon, B. & Mason, D. Peripheral autoantigen induces regulatory T cells that prevent autoimmunity. J. Exp. Med. 189, 877\u2013882 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"BFni0401_301_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.18.1.423","volume":"18","author":"EM Shevach","year":"2000","unstructured":"Shevach, E. M. Regulatory T cells in autoimmunity. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 18, 423\u2013449 (2000).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"BFni0401_301_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.183.1.13","volume":"183","author":"AJ Caton","year":"1996","unstructured":"Caton, A. J. et al. Activation and negative selection of functionally distinct subsets of antibody-secreting cells by influenza hemagglutinin as a viral and a neo-self antigen. J. Exp. Med. 183, 13\u201326 (1996).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"BFni0401_301_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/7.6.935","volume":"7","author":"DM Cerasoli","year":"1995","unstructured":"Cerasoli, D. M. et al. Low avidity recognition of a class II-restricted neo-self peptide by virus-specific T cells. Int. Immunol. 7, 935\u2013945 (1995).","journal-title":"Int. Immunol."},{"key":"BFni0401_301_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/9.2.249","volume":"9","author":"FF Shih","year":"1997","unstructured":"Shih, F. F., Cerasoli, D. M. & Caton, A. J. A major T cell determinant from the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) can be a cryptic self peptide in HA transgenic mice. Int. Immunol. 9, 249\u2013261 (1997).","journal-title":"Int. Immunol."},{"key":"BFni0401_301_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(95)00002-R","volume":"180","author":"V Kouskoff","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kouskoff, V., Signorelli, K., Benoist, C. & Mathis, D. Cassette vectors directing expression of T cell receptor genes in transgenic mice. J. Immunol. Methods 180, 273\u2013280 (1995).","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"}],"container-title":["Nature Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ni0401_301.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ni0401_301","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ni0401_301.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T18:20:18Z","timestamp":1684434018000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ni0401_301"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,4]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,4]]}},"alternative-id":["BFni0401_301"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/86302","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.1001655.7654","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1529-2908","1529-2916"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1529-2908","type":"print"},{"value":"1529-2916","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,4]]}}}