{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T10:06:58Z","timestamp":1792058818330,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,6,1]],"date-time":"2001-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":991353600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,6]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/89044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T04:43:34Z","timestamp":1027658614000},"page":"673-679","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2044,"title":["Classification and diagnostic prediction of cancers using gene expression profiling and artificial neural networks"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Javed","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun S.","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Ringn\u00e9r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lao H.","family":"Saal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Ladanyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Westermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Berthold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manfred","family":"Schwab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina R.","family":"Antonescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carsten","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul S.","family":"Meltzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"BFnm0601_673_CR1","volume-title":"Principles and practice of pediatric oncology","author":"PA Pizzo","year":"1997","unstructured":"Pizzo, P.A. Principles and practice of pediatric oncology. (Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, 1997)."},{"key":"BFnm0601_673_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(83)80202-0","volume":"14","author":"TJ Triche","year":"1983","unstructured":"Triche, T.J. & Askin, F.B. Neuroblastoma and the differential diagnosis of small-, round-, blue- cell tumors. Hum. Pathol. 14, 569\u2013595 (1983).","journal-title":"Hum. Pathol."},{"key":"BFnm0601_673_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1993.22","volume":"67","author":"C Taylor","year":"1993","unstructured":"Taylor, C. et al. Diagnosis of Ewing's sarcoma and peripheral neuroectodermal tumour based on the detection of t(11;22) using fluorescence in situ hybridisation. Br. J. Cancer 67, 128\u2013133 (1993).","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"BFnm0601_673_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9896(199602)178:2<116::AID-PATH494>3.0.CO;2-H","volume":"178","author":"AP McManus","year":"1996","unstructured":"McManus, A.P., Gusterson, B.A., Pinkerton, C.R. & Shipley, J.M. The molecular pathology of small round-cell tumours\u2014relevance to diagnosis, prognosis, and classification. J. Pathol. 178, 116\u2013121 (1996).","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"BFnm0601_673_CR5","first-page":"5009","volume":"58","author":"J Khan","year":"1998","unstructured":"Khan, J. et al. Gene expression profiling of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma with cDNA microarrays. Cancer Res. 58, 5009\u20135013 (1998).","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"BFnm0601_673_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1038\/35000501","volume":"403","author":"AA Alizadeh","year":"2000","unstructured":"Alizadeh, A.A. et al. Distinct types of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma identified by gene expression profiling. Nature 403, 503\u2013511 (2000).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnm0601_673_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1038\/35020115","volume":"406","author":"M Bittner","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bittner, M. et al. Molecular classification of cutaneous malignant melanoma by gene expression profiling. Nature 406, 536\u2013540 (2000).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnm0601_673_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1126\/science.286.5439.531","volume":"286","author":"TR Golub","year":"1999","unstructured":"Golub, T.R. et al. Molecular classification of cancer: class discovery and class prediction by gene expression monitoring. Science 286, 531\u2013537 (1999).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnm0601_673_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198538493.001.0001","volume-title":"Neural Networks for Pattern Recognition","author":"CM Bishop","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bishop, C.M. Neural Networks for Pattern Recognition. (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1995)."},{"key":"BFnm0601_673_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1798","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.6.1798","volume":"96","author":"B Heden","year":"1997","unstructured":"Heden, B., Ohlin, H., Rittner, R. & Edenbrandt, L. Acute myocardial infarction detected in the 12-lead ECG by artificial neural networks. Circulation 96, 1798\u20131802 (1997).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"BFnm0601_673_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1006\/cbmr.1995.1021","volume":"28","author":"R Silipo","year":"1995","unstructured":"Silipo, R., Gori, M., Taddei, A., Varanini, M. & Marchesi, C. Classification of arrhythmic events in ambulatory electrocardiogram, using artificial neural networks. Comput. Biomed. Res. 28, 305\u2013318 (1995).","journal-title":"Comput. Biomed. Res."},{"key":"BFnm0601_673_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/S1076-6332(99)80055-5","volume":"6","author":"K Ashizawa","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ashizawa, K. et al. Artificial neural networks in chest radiography: application to the differential diagnosis of interstitial lung disease. Acad. Radiol. 6, 2\u20139 (1999).","journal-title":"Acad. Radiol."},{"key":"BFnm0601_673_CR13","first-page":"283","volume":"15","author":"P Abdolmaleki","year":"1997","unstructured":"Abdolmaleki, P. et al. Neural network analysis of breast cancer from MRI findings. Radiat. Med. 15, 283\u2013293 (1997).","journal-title":"Radiat. Med."},{"key":"BFnm0601_673_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14863","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.25.14863","volume":"95","author":"MB Eisen","year":"1998","unstructured":"Eisen, M.B., Spellman, P.T., Brown, P.O. & Botstein, D. Cluster analysis and display of genome-wide expression patterns. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95, 14863\u201314868 (1998).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFnm0601_673_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.118.2.601","volume":"118","author":"O deLapeyriere","year":"1993","unstructured":"deLapeyriere, O. et al. Expression of the Fgf6 gene is restricted to developing skeletal muscle in the mouse embryo. Development 118, 601\u2013611 (1993).","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"BFnm0601_673_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910540305","volume":"54","author":"S Jaakkola","year":"1993","unstructured":"Jaakkola, S. et al. Amplification of fgfr4 gene in human breast and gynecological cancers. Int. J. Cancer. 54, 378\u2013382 (1993).","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer."},{"key":"BFnm0601_673_CR17","first-page":"1553","volume":"10","author":"E Shaoul","year":"1995","unstructured":"Shaoul, E., Reich-Slotky, R., Berman, B. & Ron, D. Fibroblast growth factor receptors display both common and distinct signaling pathways. Oncogene 10, 1553\u20131561 (1995).","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"BFnm0601_673_CR18","first-page":"1067","volume":"5","author":"H Kovar","year":"1990","unstructured":"Kovar, H. et al. Overexpression of the pseudoautosomal gene MIC2 in Ewing's sarcoma and peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor. Oncogene 5, 1067\u20131070 (1990).","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"BFnm0601_673_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.3880179","volume":"13","author":"S Kumar","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kumar, S., Perlman, E., Harris, C.A., Raffeld, M. & Tsokos, M. Myogenin is a specific marker for rhabdomyosarcoma: an immunohistochemical study in paraffin-embedded tissues. Mod. Pathol. 13, 988\u2013993 (2000).","journal-title":"Mod. Pathol."},{"key":"BFnm0601_673_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1296-457","volume":"14","author":"J DeRisi","year":"1996","unstructured":"DeRisi, J. et al. Use of a cDNA microarray to analyse gene expression patterns in human cancer. Nature Genet. 14, 457\u2013460 (1996).","journal-title":"Nature Genet."},{"key":"BFnm0601_673_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1038\/35021093","volume":"406","author":"CM Perou","year":"2000","unstructured":"Perou, C.M. et al. Molecular portraits of human breast tumours. Nature 406, 747\u2013752 (2000).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnm0601_673_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200102223440801","volume":"344","author":"I Hedenfalk","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hedenfalk, I. et al. Gene-expression profiles in hereditary breast cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 344, 539\u2013548 (2001).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"BFnm0601_673_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.1.262","volume":"97","author":"MP Brown","year":"2000","unstructured":"Brown, M.P. et al. Knowledge-based analysis of microarray gene expression data by using support vector machines. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97, 262\u2013267 (2000).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFnm0601_673_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/16.10.906","volume":"16","author":"TS Furey","year":"2000","unstructured":"Furey, T.S. et al. Support vector machine classification and validation of cancer tissue samples using microarray expression data. Bioinformatics 16, 906\u2013914. (2000).","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"BFnm0601_673_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34850","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.52.34850","volume":"273","author":"J Mu","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mu, J. & Roach, P.J. Characterization of human glycogenin-2, a self-glucosylating initiator of liver glycogen metabolism. J. Biol. Chem. 273, 34850\u201334856 (1998).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BFnm0601_673_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5823","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/12.14.5823","volume":"12","author":"MG Lee","year":"1984","unstructured":"Lee, M.G., Loomis, C. & Cowan, N.J. Sequence of an expressed human beta-tubulin gene containing ten Alu family members. Nucleic Acids Res. 12, 5823\u20135836 (1984).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"BFnm0601_673_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(99)00538-2","volume":"96","author":"VL Savchenko","year":"2000","unstructured":"Savchenko, V.L., McKanna, J.A., Nikonenko, I.R. & Skibo, G.G. Microglia and astrocytes in the adult rat brain: comparative immunocytochemical analysis demonstrates the efficacy of lipocortin 1 immunoreactivity. Neuroscience 96, 195\u2013203 (2000).","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"BFnm0601_673_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-328X(97)00271-4","volume":"53","author":"T Nagano","year":"1998","unstructured":"Nagano, T. et al. Differentially expressed olfactomedin-related glycoproteins (Pancortins) in the brain. Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 53, 13\u201323 (1998).","journal-title":"Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res."},{"key":"BFnm0601_673_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8893","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)52957-4","volume":"268","author":"Y Takahashi","year":"1993","unstructured":"Takahashi, Y., Campbell, E.A., Hirata, Y., Takayama, T. & Listowsky, I. A basis for differentiating among the multiple human Mu-glutathione S- transferases and molecular cloning of brain GSTM5. J. Biol. Chem. 268, 8893\u20138898 (1993).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BFnm0601_673_CR30","first-page":"507","volume":"127","author":"AO Cavazzana","year":"1987","unstructured":"Cavazzana, A.O., Miser, J.S., Jefferson, J. & Triche, T.J. Experimental evidence for a neural origin of Ewing's sarcoma of bone. Am. J. Pathol. 127, 507\u2013518 (1987).","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"BFnm0601_673_CR31","first-page":"485","volume":"41","author":"LA McKarney","year":"1997","unstructured":"McKarney, L.A., Overall, M.L. & Dziadek, M. Myogenesis in cultures of uniparental mouse embryonic stem cells: differing patterns of expression of myogenic regulatory factors. Int. J. Dev. Biol. 41, 485\u2013490 (1997).","journal-title":"Int. J. Dev. Biol."},{"key":"BFnm0601_673_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6879193","volume":"221","author":"RC Strohman","year":"1983","unstructured":"Strohman, R.C., Micou-Eastwood, J., Glass, C.A. & Matsuda, R. Human fetal muscle and cultured myotubes derived from it contain a fetal-specific myosin light chain. Science 221, 955\u2013957 (1983).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnm0601_673_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.117.3.643","volume":"117","author":"WK Song","year":"1992","unstructured":"Song, W.K., Wang, W., Foster, R.F., Bielser, D.A. & Kaufman, S.J. H36-alpha 7 is a novel integrin alpha chain that is developmentally regulated during skeletal myogenesis. J. Cell. Biol. 117, 643\u2013657 (1992).","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"BFnm0601_673_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.134.2.7507840","volume":"134","author":"BN Green","year":"1994","unstructured":"Green, B.N. et al. Distinct expression patterns of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins 2 and 5 during fetal and postnatal development. Endocrinology 134, 954\u2013962 (1994).","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"BFnm0601_673_CR35","first-page":"325","volume":"1","author":"OM El-Badry","year":"1990","unstructured":"El-Badry, O.M. et al. Insulin-like growth factor II acts as an autocrine growth and motility factor in human rhabdomyosarcoma tumors. Cell Growth Differ. 1, 325\u2013331 (1990).","journal-title":"Cell Growth Differ."},{"key":"BFnm0601_673_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13264","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.23.13264","volume":"96","author":"J Khan","year":"1999","unstructured":"Khan, J. et al. cDNA microarrays detect activation of a myogenic transcription program by the PAX3-FKHR fusion oncogene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96, 13264\u201313269 (1999).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFnm0601_673_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10411","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.23.10411","volume":"88","author":"U Holtrich","year":"1991","unstructured":"Holtrich, U., Brauninger, A., Strebhardt, K. & Rubsamen-Waigmann, H. Two additional protein-tyrosine kinases expressed in human lung: fourth member of the fibroblast growth factor receptor family and an intracellular protein-tyrosine kinase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 10411\u201310415 (1991).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFnm0601_673_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1177\/002215549704500710","volume":"45","author":"SE Hughes","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hughes, S.E. Differential expression of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) multigene family in normal human adult tissues. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 45, 1005\u20131019 (1997).","journal-title":"J. Histochem. Cytochem."},{"key":"BFnm0601_673_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1117\/12.281504","volume":"2","author":"Y Chen","year":"1997","unstructured":"Chen, Y., Dougherty, E.R. & Bittner, M.L. Ratio-based decisions and the quantitative analysis of cDNA microarray images. Biomedical Optics 2, 364\u2013374 (1997).","journal-title":"Biomedical Optics"},{"key":"BFnm0601_673_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-1904-8","volume-title":"Principal Component Analysis","author":"IT Jollife","year":"1986","unstructured":"Jollife, I.T. Principal Component Analysis. (Springer, New York, 1986)."}],"container-title":["Nature Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nm0601_673.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nm0601_673","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nm0601_673.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]],"date-time":"2024-01-03T06:51:42Z","timestamp":1704264702000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nm0601_673"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,6]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,6]]}},"alternative-id":["BFnm0601_673"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/89044","relation":{},"ISSN":["1078-8956","1546-170X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1078-8956","type":"print"},{"value":"1546-170X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,6]]}}}