{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T23:35:33Z","timestamp":1784763333748,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7553","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,27]],"date-time":"2015-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1432684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,27]],"date-time":"2015-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1432684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nature"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,28]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/nature14422","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,26]],"date-time":"2015-05-26T16:10:15Z","timestamp":1432656615000},"page":"503-507","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":738,"title":["Robots that can adapt like animals"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"521","author":[{"given":"Antoine","family":"Cully","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeff","family":"Clune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danesh","family":"Tarapore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Baptiste","family":"Mouret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFnature14422_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-30301-5","volume-title":"Springer Handbook of Robotics","author":"B Siciliano","year":"2008","unstructured":"Siciliano, B. & Khatib, O. Springer Handbook of Robotics (Springer, 2008)."},{"key":"BFnature14422_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1109\/MRA.2004.1337826","volume":"11","author":"RR Murphy","year":"2004","unstructured":"Murphy, R. R. Trial by fire. Robot. Automat. Mag. 11, 50\u201361 (2004).","journal-title":"Robot. Automat. Mag."},{"key":"BFnature14422_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1002\/rob.21439","volume":"30","author":"K Nagatani","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nagatani, K. et al. Emergency response to the nuclear accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plants using mobile rescue robots. J. Field Robot. 30, 44\u201363 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Field Robot."},{"key":"BFnature14422_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-009-0030-6","volume":"1","author":"E Broadbent","year":"2009","unstructured":"Broadbent, E., Stafford, R. & MacDonald, B. Acceptance of healthcare robots for the older population: review and future directions. Int. J. Social Robot. 1, 319\u2013330 (2009).","journal-title":"Int. J. Social Robot."},{"key":"BFnature14422_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1002\/rob.20147","volume":"23","author":"S Thrun","year":"2006","unstructured":"Thrun, S. et al. Stanley: the robot that won the DARPA grand challenge. J. Field Robot. 23, 661\u2013692 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Field Robot."},{"key":"BFnature14422_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1038\/463600a","volume":"463","author":"K Sanderson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sanderson, K. Mars rover Spirit (2003\u201310). Nature 463, 600 (2010).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnature14422_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-30301-5_44","volume-title":"Springer Handbook of Robotics","author":"G Antonelli","year":"2008","unstructured":"Antonelli, G. Fossen, T. I. & Yoerger, D. R. in Springer Handbook of Robotics (eds Siciliano, B. & Khatib, O. ) 987\u20131008 (Springer, 2008)."},{"key":"BFnature14422_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1109\/TRO.2004.838027","volume":"21","author":"J Carlson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Carlson, J. & Murphy, R. R. How UGVs physically fail in the field. IEEE Trans. Robot. 21, 423\u2013437 (2005).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Robot."},{"key":"BFnature14422_CR9","volume-title":"Diagnosis and Fault-Tolerant Control","author":"M Blanke","year":"2006","unstructured":"Blanke, M. Kinnaert, M., Lunze, J. & Staroswiecki, M. Diagnosis and Fault-Tolerant Control (Springer, 2006)."},{"key":"BFnature14422_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1177\/0278364907088401","volume":"27","author":"A Sproewitz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sproewitz, A., Moeckel, R., Maye, J. & Ijspeert, A. Learning to move in modular robots using central pattern generators and online optimization. Int. J. Robot. Res. 27, 423\u2013443 (2008).","journal-title":"Int. J. Robot. Res."},{"key":"BFnature14422_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.robot.2013.05.009","volume":"61","author":"DJ Christensen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Christensen, D. J., Schultz, U. P. & Stoy, K. A distributed and morphology-independent strategy for adaptive locomotion in self-reconfigurable modular robots. Robot. Auton. Syst. 61, 1021\u20131035 (2013).","journal-title":"Robot. Auton. Syst."},{"key":"BFnature14422_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1177\/0278364913495721","volume":"32","author":"J Kober","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kober, J., Bagnell, J. A. & Peters, J. Reinforcement learning in robotics: a survey. Int. J. Robot. Res. 32, 1238\u20131274 (2013).","journal-title":"Int. J. Robot. Res."},{"key":"BFnature14422_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1109\/MRA.2004.1310942","volume":"11","author":"V Verma","year":"2004","unstructured":"Verma, V., Gordon, G., Simmons, R. & Thrun, S. Real-time fault diagnosis. Robot. Automat. Mag. 11, 56\u201366 (2004).","journal-title":"Robot. Automat. Mag."},{"key":"BFnature14422_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1133687","volume":"314","author":"J Bongard","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bongard, J., Zykov, V. & Lipson, H. Resilient machines through continuous self-modeling. Science 314, 1118\u20131121 (2006).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnature14422_CR15","volume-title":"Apollo 13","author":"J Kluger","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kluger, J. & Lovell, J. Apollo 13 (Mariner Books, 2006)."},{"key":"BFnature14422_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.74.9.1155","volume":"74","author":"SL Jarvis","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jarvis, S. L. et al. Kinematic and kinetic analysis of dogs during trotting after amputation of a thoracic limb. Am. J. Vet. Res. 74, 1155\u20131163 (2013).","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"BFnature14422_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2014.05.012","volume":"201","author":"A Fuchs","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fuchs, A., Goldner, B., Nolte, I. & Schilling, N. Ground reaction force adaptations to tripedal locomotion in dogs. Vet. J. 201, 307\u2013315 (2014).","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"BFnature14422_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.robot.2008.10.024","volume":"57","author":"BD Argall","year":"2009","unstructured":"Argall, B. D., Chernova, S., Veloso, M. & Browning, B. A survey of robot learning from demonstration. Robot. Auton. Syst. 57, 469\u2013483 (2009).","journal-title":"Robot. Auton. Syst."},{"key":"BFnature14422_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(00)01773-3","volume":"5","author":"DM Wolpert","year":"2001","unstructured":"Wolpert, D. M., Ghahramani, Z. & Flanagan, J. R. Perspective and problems in motor learning. Trends Cogn. Sci. 5, 487\u2013494 (2001).","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"BFnature14422_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10105","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-23-10105.1998","volume":"18","author":"M Santello","year":"1998","unstructured":"Santello, M. Postural hand synergies for tool use. J. Neurosci. 18, 10105\u201310115 (1998).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"BFnature14422_CR21","volume-title":"Gaussian Processes for Machine Learning","author":"CE Rasmussen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rasmussen, C. E. & Williams, C. K. I. Gaussian Processes for Machine Learning (MIT Press, 2006)."},{"key":"BFnature14422_CR22","volume-title":"Bayesian Approach to Global Optimization: Theory and Applications","author":"J Mockus","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mockus, J. Bayesian Approach to Global Optimization: Theory and Applications (Kluwer Academic, 2013)."},{"key":"BFnature14422_CR23","first-page":"55","volume":"26","author":"A Borji","year":"2013","unstructured":"Borji, A. & Itti, L. Bayesian optimization explains human active search. Adv. Neural Inform. Process. Syst. 26, 55\u201363 (2013).","journal-title":"Adv. Neural Inform. Process. Syst."},{"key":"BFnature14422_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1137","volume":"4","author":"S Grillner","year":"2003","unstructured":"Grillner, S. The motor infrastructure: from ion channels to neuronal networks. Nature Rev. Neurosci. 4, 573\u2013586 (2003).","journal-title":"Nature Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"BFnature14422_CR25","first-page":"4087","volume":"279","author":"S Benson-Amram","year":"2012","unstructured":"Benson-Amram, S. & Holekamp, K. E. Innovative problem solving by wild spotted hyenas. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 279, 4087\u20134095 (2012).","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B"},{"key":"BFnature14422_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3495","volume":"16","author":"A Pouget","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pouget, A., Beck, J. M., Ma, W. J. & Latham, P. E. Probabilistic brains: knowns and unknowns. Nature Neurosci. 16, 1170\u20131178 (2013).","journal-title":"Nature Neurosci."},{"key":"BFnature14422_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02169","volume":"427","author":"KP K\u00f6rding","year":"2004","unstructured":"K\u00f6rding, K. P. & Wolpert, D. M. Bayesian integration in sensorimotor learning. Nature 427, 244\u2013247 (2004).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnature14422_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03275","volume":"433","author":"S Der\u00e9gnaucourt","year":"2005","unstructured":"Der\u00e9gnaucourt, S., Mitra, P. P., Feh\u00e9r, O., Pytte, C. & Tchernichovski, O. How sleep affects the developmental learning of bird song. Nature 433, 710\u2013716 (2005).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnature14422_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02223","volume":"427","author":"U Wagner","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wagner, U., Gais, S., Haider, H., Verleger, R. & Born, J. Sleep inspires insight. Nature 427, 352\u2013355 (2004).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnature14422_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2332","volume":"9","author":"M Ito","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ito, M. Control of mental activities by internal models in the cerebellum. Nature Rev. Neurosci. 9, 304\u2013313 (2008).","journal-title":"Nature Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"BFnature14422_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kohl, N. & Stone, P. Policy gradient reinforcement learning for fast quadrupedal locomotion. In Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on \u2018Robotics and Automation\u2019 (ICRA) 2619\u20132624 (IEEE, 2004).","DOI":"10.1109\/ROBOT.2004.1307456"},{"key":"BFnature14422_CR32","unstructured":"Lizotte, D. J. Wang, T. Bowling, M. H. & Schuurmans, D. Automatic gait optimization with Gaussian process regression. In Proc. Int. Joint Conf. on \u2018Artificial Intelligence\u2019 (IJCAI) 944\u2013949 (2007)."},{"key":"BFnature14422_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tesch, M. Schneider, J. & Choset, H. Using response surfaces and expected improvement to optimize snake robot gait parameters. In Proc. IEEE\/RSJ Int. Conf. on \u2018Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)\u2019 1069\u20131074 (IEEE, 2011).","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS.2011.6095076"},{"key":"BFnature14422_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Calandra, R. Seyfarth, A., Peters, J. & Deisenroth, M. P. An experimental comparison of bayesian optimization for bipedal locomotion. In Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on \u2018Robotics and Automation\u2019 (ICRA) 1951\u20131958 (IEEE, 2014).","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA.2014.6907117"},{"key":"BFnature14422_CR35","unstructured":"Mouret, J.-B. & Clune, J. Illuminating search spaces by mapping elites. Preprint at http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1504.04909 (2015)."}],"container-title":["Nature"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature14422.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature14422","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature14422.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T18:31:10Z","timestamp":1684434670000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature14422"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,27]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7553","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,28]]}},"alternative-id":["BFnature14422"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature14422","relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-0836","1476-4687"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-0836","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-4687","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 December 2014","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 March 2015","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 May 2015","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing financial interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}