{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T11:03:04Z","timestamp":1781175784766,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7686","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nature"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/nature25021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]],"date-time":"2018-01-02T14:35:10Z","timestamp":1514903710000},"page":"86-90","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":387,"title":["Acoustic reporter genes for noninvasive imaging of microorganisms in mammalian hosts"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"553","author":[{"given":"Raymond W.","family":"Bourdeau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audrey","family":"Lee-Gosselin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anupama","family":"Lakshmanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arash","family":"Farhadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sripriya Ravindra","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suchita P.","family":"Nety","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikhail G.","family":"Shapiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFnature25021_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2515","volume":"9","author":"JL Round","year":"2009","unstructured":"Round, J. L. & Mazmanian, S. K. The gut microbiota shapes intestinal immune responses during health and disease. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 9, 313\u2013323 (2009)","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnature25021_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2013.12.015","volume":"38","author":"Y Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang, Y. & Kasper, L. H. The role of microbiome in central nervous system disorders. Brain Behav. Immun. 38, 1\u201312 (2014)","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"BFnature25021_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289ra284","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaa3519","volume":"7","author":"T Danino","year":"2015","unstructured":"Danino, T. et al. Programmable probiotics for detection of cancer in urine. Sci. Transl. Med. 7, 289ra284 (2015)","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"BFnature25021_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1126\/science.289.5483.1352","volume":"289","author":"L Steidler","year":"2000","unstructured":"Steidler, L. et al. Treatment of murine colitis by Lactococcus lactis secreting interleukin-10. Science 289, 1352\u20131355 (2000)","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnature25021_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1021\/sb500258b","volume":"4","author":"J Claesen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Claesen, J. & Fischbach, M. A. Synthetic microbes as drug delivery systems. ACS Synth. Biol. 4, 358\u2013364 (2015)","journal-title":"ACS Synth. Biol."},{"key":"BFnature25021_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1038\/nature18930","volume":"536","author":"MO Din","year":"2016","unstructured":"Din, M. O. et al. Synchronized cycles of bacterial lysis for in vivo delivery. Nature 536, 81\u201385 (2016)","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnature25021_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3879","volume":"35","author":"DT Riglar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Riglar, D. T. et al. Engineered bacteria can function in the mammalian gut long-term as live diagnostics of inflammation. Nat. Biotechnol. 35, 653\u2013658 (2017)","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"BFnature25021_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3552","volume":"14","author":"GP Donaldson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Donaldson, G. P., Lee, S. M. & Mazmanian, S. K. Gut biogeography of the bacterial microbiota. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 14, 20\u201332 (2016)","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"BFnature25021_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2015.03.002","volume":"23","author":"M Derrien","year":"2015","unstructured":"Derrien, M. & van Hylckama Vlieg, J. E . Fate, activity, and impact of ingested bacteria within the human gut microbiota. Trends Microbiol. 23, 354\u2013366 (2015)","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"BFnature25021_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01686-09","volume":"76","author":"M-L Foucault","year":"2010","unstructured":"Foucault, M.-L., Thomas, L., Goussard, S., Branchini, B. R. & Grillot-Courvalin, C. In vivo bioluminescence imaging for the study of intestinal colonization by Escherichia coli in mice. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 76, 264\u2013274 (2010)","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"BFnature25021_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.03221-12","volume":"79","author":"C Daniel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Daniel, C., Poiret, S., Dennin, V., Boutillier, D. & Pot, B. Bioluminescence imaging study of spatial and temporal persistence of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactococcus lactis in living mice. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 79, 1086\u20131094 (2013)","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"BFnature25021_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3550","volume":"34","author":"J Chu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chu, J. et al. A bright cyan\u2013excitable orange fluorescent protein facilitates dual-emission microscopy and enhances bioluminescence imaging in vivo. Nat. Biotechnol. 34, 760\u2013767 (2016)","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"BFnature25021_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2400","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.5960","volume":"307","author":"R Smith-Bindman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Smith-Bindman, R. et al. Use of diagnostic imaging studies and associated radiation exposure for patients enrolled in large integrated health care systems, 1996-2010. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 307, 2400\u20132409 (2012)","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"BFnature25021_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1109\/58.238115","volume":"40","author":"FS Foster","year":"1993","unstructured":"Foster, F. S. et al. Principles and applications of ultrasound backscatter microscopy. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control 40, 608\u2013617 (1993)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control"},{"key":"BFnature25021_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1038\/nature16066","volume":"527","author":"C Errico","year":"2015","unstructured":"Errico, C. et al. Ultrafast ultrasound localization microscopy for deep super-resolution vascular imaging. Nature 527, 499\u2013502 (2015)","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnature25021_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.58.1.94-144.1994","volume":"58","author":"AE Walsby","year":"1994","unstructured":"Walsby, A. E. Gas vesicles. Microbiol. Rev. 58, 94\u2013144 (1994)","journal-title":"Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"BFnature25021_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2834","volume":"10","author":"F Pfeifer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pfeifer, F. Distribution, formation and regulation of gas vesicles. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 10, 705\u2013715 (2012)","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"BFnature25021_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2014.32","volume":"9","author":"MG Shapiro","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shapiro, M. G. et al. Biogenic gas nanostructures as ultrasonic molecular reporters. Nat. Nanotechnol. 9, 311\u2013316 (2014)","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"BFnature25021_CR19","first-page":"2450","volume":"180","author":"N Li","year":"1998","unstructured":"Li, N. & Cannon, M. C. Gas vesicle genes identified in Bacillus megaterium and functional expression in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 180, 2450\u20132458 (1998)","journal-title":"Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"BFnature25021_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7314","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.6b03364","volume":"10","author":"A Lakshmanan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lakshmanan, A. et al. Molecular engineering of acoustic protein nanostructures. ACS Nano 10, 7314\u20137322 (2016)","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"BFnature25021_CR21","volume-title":"Medical Microbiology","author":"SL Gorbach","year":"1996","unstructured":"Gorbach, S. L. in Medical Microbiology 4th edn (ed. Baron, S. ) Ch. 95 (Univ. Texas Medical Branch, 1996)"},{"key":"BFnature25021_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2014.01.001","volume":"28","author":"S Klumpp","year":"2014","unstructured":"Klumpp, S. & Hwa, T. Bacterial growth: global effects on gene expression, growth feedback and proteome partition. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 28, 96\u2013102 (2014)","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Biotechnol."},{"key":"BFnature25021_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00245155","volume":"157","author":"PK Hayes","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hayes, P. K., Buchholz, B. & Walsby, A. E. Gas vesicles are strengthened by the outer-surface protein, GvpC. Arch. Microbiol. 157, 229\u2013234 (1992)","journal-title":"Arch. Microbiol."},{"key":"BFnature25021_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2011.05.002","volume":"29","author":"C Daniel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Daniel, C., Roussel, Y., Kleerebezem, M. & Pot, B. Recombinant lactic acid bacteria as mucosal biotherapeutic agents. Trends Biotechnol. 29, 499\u2013508 (2011)","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"key":"BFnature25021_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.3109\/08910600903444267","volume":"21","author":"U Sonnenborn","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sonnenborn, U. & Schulze, J. The non-pathogenic Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917\u2014features of a versatile probiotic. Microb. Ecol. Health Dis. 21, 122\u2013158 (2009)","journal-title":"Microb. Ecol. Health Dis."},{"key":"BFnature25021_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3391","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI72517","volume":"124","author":"Z Chen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chen, Z. et al. Incorporation of therapeutically modified bacteria into gut microbiota inhibits obesity. J. Clin. Invest. 124, 3391\u20133406 (2014)","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"BFnature25021_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3594","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.6.3594-3600.2000","volume":"68","author":"KP Francis","year":"2000","unstructured":"Francis, K. P. et al. Monitoring bioluminescent Staphylococcus aureus infections in living mice using a novel luxABCDE construct. Infect. Immun. 68, 3594\u20133600 (2000)","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"BFnature25021_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2016.07.009","volume":"33","author":"O Borkowski","year":"2016","unstructured":"Borkowski, O., Ceroni, F., Stan, G.-B. & Ellis, T. Overloaded and stressed: whole-cell considerations for bacterial synthetic biology. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 33, 123\u2013130 (2016)","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"key":"BFnature25021_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1021\/sb400055h","volume":"2","author":"SC Sleight","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sleight, S. C. & Sauro, H. M. Visualization of evolutionary stability dynamics and competitive fitness of Escherichia coli engineered with randomized multigene circuits. ACS Synth. Biol. 2, 519\u2013528 (2013)","journal-title":"ACS Synth. Biol."},{"key":"BFnature25021_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1021\/sb3000639","volume":"1","author":"T Danino","year":"2012","unstructured":"Danino, T., Lo, J., Prindle, A., Hasty, J. & Bhatia, S. N. In vivo gene expression dynamics of tumor-targeted bacteria. ACS Synth. Biol. 1, 465\u2013470 (2012)","journal-title":"ACS Synth. Biol."},{"key":"BFnature25021_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2805","volume":"10","author":"PA Romero","year":"2009","unstructured":"Romero, P. A. & Arnold, F. H. Exploring protein fitness landscapes by directed evolution. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 10, 866\u2013876 (2009)","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"BFnature25021_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1037","volume":"22","author":"NC Shaner","year":"2004","unstructured":"Shaner, N. C. et al. Improved monomeric red, orange and yellow fluorescent proteins derived from Discosoma sp. red fluorescent protein. Nat. Biotechnol. 22, 1567\u20131572 (2004)","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"BFnature25021_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2413","volume":"10","author":"NC Shaner","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shaner, N. C. et al. A bright monomeric green fluorescent protein derived from Branchiostoma lanceolatum. Nat. Methods 10, 407\u2013409 (2013)","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"BFnature25021_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/S0923-2508(02)00007-4","volume":"154","author":"G Blum-Oehler","year":"2003","unstructured":"Blum-Oehler, G. et al. Development of strain-specific PCR reactions for the detection of the probiotic Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 in fecal samples. Res. Microbiol. 154, 59\u201366 (2003)","journal-title":"Res. Microbiol."},{"key":"BFnature25021_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2019","volume":"9","author":"J Schindelin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schindelin, J. et al. Fiji: an open-source platform for biological-image analysis. Nat. Methods 9, 676\u2013682 (2012)","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"BFnature25021_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.13122509","volume":"267","author":"H Wang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wang, H. et al. Molecular imaging of inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease with a clinically translatable dual-selectin-targeted US contrast agent: comparison with FDG PET\/CT in a mouse model. Radiology 267, 818\u2013829 (2013)","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"BFnature25021_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16070","DOI":"10.1038\/mtm.2016.70","volume":"3","author":"JL Freeling","year":"2016","unstructured":"Freeling, J. L. & Rezvani, K. Assessment of murine colorectal cancer by micro-ultrasound using three dimensional reconstruction and non-linear contrast imaging. Mol. Ther. Methods Clin. Dev. 3, 16070 (2016)","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. Methods Clin. Dev."}],"container-title":["Nature"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature25021.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature25021","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/doifinder\/10.1038\/nature25021","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature25021.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T14:10:08Z","timestamp":1684419008000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature25021"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7686","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]}},"alternative-id":["BFnature25021"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature25021","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.732394888.793541488","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.732394888.793542520","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0028-0836","1476-4687"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-0836","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-4687","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 December 2016","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 November 2017","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 January 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing financial interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}