{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T13:13:12Z","timestamp":1770815592672,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,1]],"date-time":"2009-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1241136000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Cell Biol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/ncb0509-521","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,30]],"date-time":"2009-04-30T11:24:13Z","timestamp":1241090653000},"page":"521-526","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":147,"title":["Targeting of immune signalling networks by bacterial pathogens"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Igor E.","family":"Brodsky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ruslan","family":"Medzhitov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro955","volume":"2","author":"DM Monack","year":"2004","unstructured":"Monack, D. M., Mueller, A. & Falkow, S. Persistent bacterial infections: the interface of the pathogen and the host immune system. Nature Rev. Microbiol 2, 747\u2013765 (2004).","journal-title":"Nature Rev. Microbiol"},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/9781555815622","volume-title":"Evolution of microbial pathogens","author":"HS Seifert","year":"2006","unstructured":"Seifert, H. S. & DiRita, V. J. Evolution of microbial pathogens (ASM Press, Washington, DC, 2006)."},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2007.03.067","volume":"17","author":"ME Wickham","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wickham, M. E., Brown, N. F., Boyle, E. C., Coombes, B. K. & Finlay, B. B. rulence is positively selected by transmission success between mammalian hosts. Curr. Biol. 17, 783\u2013788 (2007).","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4579","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.10.4579-4587.1998","volume":"66","author":"AJ Baumler","year":"1998","unstructured":"Baumler, A. J., Tsolis, R. M., Ficht, T. A. & Adams, L. G. Evolution of host adaptation in Salmonella enterica. Infect. Immun. 66, 4579\u20134587 (1998).","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12638","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.23.12638","volume":"94","author":"SD Mills","year":"1997","unstructured":"Mills, S. D. et al. Yersinia enterocolitica induces apoptosis in macrophages by a process requiring functional type III secretion and translocation mechanisms and involving YopP, presumably acting as an effector protein. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 94, 12638\u201312643 (1997).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10385","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.19.10385","volume":"94","author":"DM Monack","year":"1997","unstructured":"Monack, D. M., Mecsas, J., Ghori, N. & Falkow, S. Yersinia signals macrophages to undergo apoptosis and YopJ is necessary for this cell death. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 94, 10385\u201310390 (1997).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1920","DOI":"10.1126\/science.285.5435.1920","volume":"285","author":"K Orth","year":"1999","unstructured":"Orth, K. et al. Inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase superfamily by a Yersinia effector. Science 285, 1920\u20131923 (1999).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2846","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.6.2846","volume":"169","author":"LS Collier-Hyams","year":"2002","unstructured":"Collier-Hyams, L. S. et al. Cutting edge: Salmonella AvrA effector inhibits the key proinflammatory, anti-apoptotic NF-\u03baB pathway. J. Immunol. 169, 2846\u20132850 (2002).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2008.02.016","volume":"3","author":"RM Jones","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jones, R. M. et al. Salmonella AvrA coordinates suppression of host immune and apoptotic defenses via JNK pathway blockade. Cell Host Microbe 3, 233\u2013244 (2008).","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2008.06134.x","volume":"67","author":"P Mazurkiewicz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mazurkiewicz, P. et al. SpvC is a Salmonella effector with phosphothreonine lyase activity on host mitogen-activated protein kinases. Mol. Microbiol. 67, 1371\u20131383 (2008).","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1423","volume":"8","author":"L Arbibe","year":"2007","unstructured":"Arbibe, L. et al. An injected bacterial effector targets chromatin access for transcription factor NF-\u03baB to alter transcription of host genes involved in immune responses. Nature Immunol. 8, 47\u201356 (2007).","journal-title":"Nature Immunol."},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1138960","volume":"315","author":"H Li","year":"2007","unstructured":"Li, H. et al. The phosphothreonine lyase activity of a bacterial type III effector family. Science 315, 1000\u20131003 (2007).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1126\/science.280.5364.734","volume":"280","author":"NS Duesbery","year":"1998","unstructured":"Duesbery, N. S. et al. Proteolytic inactivation of MAP-kinase-kinase by anthrax lethal factor. Science 280, 734\u2013737 (1998).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14046","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0504466102","volume":"102","author":"DW Kim","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kim, D. W. et al. The Shigella flexneri effector OspG interferes with innate immune responses by targeting ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 102, 14046\u201314051 (2005).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2007.02.002","volume":"1","author":"JR Rohde","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rohde, J. R., Breitkreutz, A., Chenal, A., Sansonetti, P. J. & Parsot, C. Type III secretion effectors of the IpaH family are E3 ubiquitin ligases. Cell Host Microbe 1, 77\u201383 (2007).","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb1346","volume":"15","author":"J Diao","year":"2008","unstructured":"Diao, J., Zhang, Y., Huibregtse, J. M., Zhou, D. & Chen, J. Crystal structure of SopA, a Salmonella effector protein mimicking a eukaryotic ubiquitin ligase. Nature Struct. Mol. Biol. 15, 65\u201370 (2008).","journal-title":"Nature Struct. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3502","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0610095104","volume":"104","author":"A Rytkonen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rytkonen, A. et al. SseL, a Salmonella deubiquitinase required for macrophage killing and virulence. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 104, 3502\u20133507 (2007).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2006.05407.x","volume":"62","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Higashide, W. M., McCormick, B. A., Chen, J. & Zhou, D. The inflammation-associated Salmonella SopA is a HECT-like E3 ubiquitin ligase. Mol. Microbiol. 62, 786\u2013793 (2006).","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06247","volume":"449","author":"AP Bhavsar","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bhavsar, A. P., Guttman, J. A. & Finlay, B. B. Manipulation of host-cell pathways by bacterial pathogens. Nature 449, 827\u2013834 (2007).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2007.02.003","volume":"1","author":"A Rytkonen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rytkonen, A. & Holden, D. W. Bacterial interference of ubiquitination and deubiquitination. Cell Host Microbe 1, 13\u201322 (2007).","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1038\/35036627","volume":"407","author":"H Jeong","year":"2000","unstructured":"Jeong, H., Tombor, B., Albert, R., Oltvai, Z. N. & Barabasi, A. L. The large-scale organization of metabolic networks. Nature 407, 651\u2013654 (2000).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4947","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.02714","volume":"118","author":"R Albert","year":"2005","unstructured":"Albert, R. Scale-free networks in cell biology. J. Cell Sci. 118, 4947\u20134957 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138701","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.91.138701","volume":"91","author":"E Eisenberg","year":"2003","unstructured":"Eisenberg, E. & Levanon, E. Y. Preferential attachment in the protein network evolution. Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 138701 (2003).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1038\/35075138","volume":"411","author":"H Jeong","year":"2001","unstructured":"Jeong, H., Mason, S. P., Barabasi, A. L. & Oltvai, Z. N. Lethality and centrality in protein networks. Nature 411, 41\u201342 (2001).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1038\/35019019","volume":"406","author":"R Albert","year":"2000","unstructured":"Albert, R., Jeong, H. & Barabasi, A. L. Error and attack tolerance of complex networks. Nature 406, 378\u2013382 (2000).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2048","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1073163","volume":"297","author":"JM Park","year":"2002","unstructured":"Park, J. M., Greten, F. R., Li, Z. W. & Karin, M. Macrophage apoptosis by anthrax lethal factor through p38 MAP kinase inhibition. Science 297, 2048\u20132051 (2002).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7939","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.12.7939","volume":"174","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Ting, A. T., Marcu, K. B. & Bliska, J. B. Inhibition of MAPK and NF-\u03baB pathways is necessary for rapid apoptosis in macrophages infected with Yersinia. J. Immunol. 174, 7939\u20137949 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2003.10.006","volume":"40","author":"M Yamamoto","year":"2004","unstructured":"Yamamoto, M., Takeda, K. & Akira, S. TIR domain-containing adaptors define the specificity of TLR signaling. Mol. Immunol. 40, 861\u2013868 (2004).","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2079","volume":"7","author":"LA O'Neill","year":"2007","unstructured":"O'Neill, L. A. & Bowie, A. G. The family of five: TIR-domain-containing adaptors in Toll-like receptor signalling. Nature Rev. Immunol. 7, 353\u2013364 (2007).","journal-title":"Nature Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1734","volume":"14","author":"C Cirl","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cirl, C. et al. Subversion of Toll-like receptor signaling by a unique family of bacterial Toll\/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing proteins. Nature Med. 14, 399\u2013406 (2008).","journal-title":"Nature Med."},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.74.1.594-601.2006","volume":"74","author":"RM Newman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Newman, R. M., Salunkhe, P., Godzik, A. & Reed, J. C. Identification and characterization of a novel bacterial virulence factor that shares homology with mammalian Toll\/interleukin-1 receptor family proteins. Infect. Immun. 74, 594\u2013601 (2006).","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1096158","volume":"304","author":"JM Blander","year":"2004","unstructured":"Blander, J. M. & Medzhitov, R. Regulation of phagosome maturation by signals from toll-like receptors. Science 304, 1014\u20131018 (2004).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1143991","volume":"317","author":"G Chen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chen, G., Zhuchenko, O. & Kuspa, A. Immune-like phagocyte activity in the social amoeba. Science 317, 678\u2013681 (2007).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2008.05.005","volume":"11","author":"P Cosson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cosson, P. & Soldati, T. Eat, kill or die: when amoeba meets bacteria. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 11, 271\u2013276 (2008).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.4.1187","volume":"88","author":"JB Bliska","year":"1991","unstructured":"Bliska, J. B., Guan, K. L., Dixon, J. E. & Falkow, S. Tyrosine phosphate hydrolysis of host proteins by an essential Yersinia virulence determinant. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 88, 1187\u20131191 (1991).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2139","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.56.8.2139-2143.1988","volume":"56","author":"R Rosqvist","year":"1988","unstructured":"Rosqvist, R., Bolin, I. & Wolf-Watz, H. Inhibition of phagocytosis in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis: a virulence plasmid-encoded ability involving the Yop2b protein. Infect. Immun. 56, 2139\u20132143 (1988).","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1996.tb02546.x","volume":"20","author":"K Andersson","year":"1996","unstructured":"Andersson, K. et al. YopH of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis interrupts early phosphotyrosine signalling associated with phagocytosis. Mol. Microbiol. 20, 1057\u20131069 (1996).","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.190.9.1343","volume":"190","author":"T Yao","year":"1999","unstructured":"Yao, T., Mecsas, J., Healy, J. I., Falkow, S. & Chien, Y. Suppression of T and B lymphocyte activation by a Yersinia pseudotuberculosis virulence factor, yopH. J. Exp. Med. 190, 1343\u20131350 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20041120","volume":"201","author":"C Gerke","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gerke, C., Falkow, S. & Chien, Y. H. The adaptor molecules LAT and SLP-76 are specifically targeted by Yersinia to inhibit T cell activation. J. Exp. Med. 201, 361\u2013371 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1114580","volume":"309","author":"MM Marketon","year":"2005","unstructured":"Marketon, M. M., DePaolo, R. W., DeBord, K. L., Jabri, B. & Schneewind, O. Plague bacteria target immune cells during infection. Science 309, 1739\u20131741 (2005).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1462-5822.2003.00236.x","volume":"5","author":"F Deleuil","year":"2005","unstructured":"Deleuil, F., Mogemark, L., Francis, M. S., Wolf-Watz, H. & Fallman, M. Interaction between the Yersinia protein tyrosine phosphatase YopH and eukaryotic Cas\/Fyb is an important virulence mechanism. Cell Microbiol. 5, 53\u201364 (2005).","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol."},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20031319","volume":"199","author":"DM Monack","year":"2004","unstructured":"Monack, D. M., Bouley, D. M. & Falkow, S. Salmonella typhimurium persists within macrophages in the mesenteric lymph nodes of chronically infected Nramp1+\/+ mice and can be reactivated by IFN\u03b3 neutralization. J. Exp. Med. 199, 231\u2013241 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.7.677","volume":"282","author":"C Dye","year":"1999","unstructured":"Dye, C., Scheele, S., Dolin, P., Pathania, V. & Raviglione, M. C. Consensus statement. Global burden of tuberculosis: estimated incidence, prevalence, and mortality by country. WHO Global Surveillance and Monitoring Project. JAMA 282, 677\u2013686 (1999).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1711.2000.00933.x","volume":"78","author":"BM Saunders","year":"2000","unstructured":"Saunders, B. M. & Cooper, A. M. Restraining mycobacteria: role of granulomas in mycobacterial infections. Immunol. Cell Biol. 78, 334\u2013341 (2000).","journal-title":"Immunol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/S1521-6616(03)00210-9","volume":"110","author":"J Chan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chan, J. & Flynn, J. The immunological aspects of latency in tuberculosis. Clin.mmunol. 110, 2\u201312 (2004).","journal-title":"Clin.mmunol."},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.19.1.93","volume":"19","author":"JL Flynn","year":"2001","unstructured":"Flynn, J. L. & Chan, J. Immunology of tuberculosis. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 19, 93\u2013129 (2001).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1091","volume":"5","author":"CL Cosma","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cosma, C. L., Humbert, O. & Ramakrishnan, L. Superinfecting mycobacteria home to established tuberculous granulomas. Nature Immunol. 5, 828\u2013835 (2004).","journal-title":"Nature Immunol."},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2008.11.014","volume":"136","author":"JM Davis","year":"2009","unstructured":"Davis, J. M. & Ramakrishnan, L. The role of the granuloma in expansion and dissemination of early tuberculous infection. Cell 136, 37\u201349 (2009).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1131","volume":"5","author":"J Viala","year":"2004","unstructured":"Viala, J. et al. Nod1 responds to peptidoglycan delivered by the Helicobacter pylori cag pathogenicity island. Nature Immunol. 5, 1166\u20131174 (2004).","journal-title":"Nature Immunol."},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1344","volume":"7","author":"EA Miao","year":"2006","unstructured":"Miao, E. A. et al. Cytoplasmic flagellin activates caspase-1 and secretion of interleukin 1\u03b2 via Ipaf. Nature Immunol. 7, 569\u2013575 (2006).","journal-title":"Nature Immunol."},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.12.003","volume":"24","author":"DB Stetson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Stetson, D. B. & Medzhitov, R. Recognition of cytosolic DNA activates an IRF3-dependent innate immune response. Immunity 24, 93\u2013103 (2006).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000220","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000220","volume":"4","author":"S Shin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shin, S. et al. Type IV secretion-dependent activation of host MAP kinases induces an increased proinflammatory cytokine response to Legionella pneumophila. PLoS Pathog. 4, e1000220 (2008).","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2004.04183.x","volume":"53","author":"V Briken","year":"2004","unstructured":"Briken, V., Porcelli, S. A., Besra, G. S. & Kremer, L. Mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan and related lipoglycans: from biogenesis to modulation of the immune response. Mol. Microbiol. 53, 391\u2013403 (2004).","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02837","volume":"431","author":"MB Reed","year":"2004","unstructured":"Reed, M. B. et al. A glycolipid of hypervirulent tuberculosis strains that inhibits the innate immune response. Nature 431, 84\u201387 (2004).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20021229","volume":"197","author":"TB Geijtenbeek","year":"2003","unstructured":"Geijtenbeek, T. B. et al. Mycobacteria target DC-SIGN to suppress dendritic cell function. J. Exp. Med. 197, 7\u201317 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR56","unstructured":"Gringhuis, S. I. et al. C-Type lectin DC-SIGN modulates Toll-like receptor signaling via Raf-1 kinase-dependent acetylation of transcription factor NF-\u03baB. 26, 605\u2013616 (2007)."},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38148","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M206538200","volume":"277","author":"P Constant","year":"2002","unstructured":"Constant, P. et al. Role of the pks15\/1 gene in the biosynthesis of phenolglycolipids in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Evidence that all strains synthesize glycosylated phydroxybenzoic methyl esters and that strains devoid of phenolglycolipids harbor a frameshift mutation in the pks15\/1 gene. J.Biol. Chem. 277, 38148\u201338158 (2002).","journal-title":"J.Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1038\/35021074","volume":"406","author":"JD McKinney","year":"2000","unstructured":"McKinney, J. D. et al. Persistence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in macrophages and mice requires the glyoxylate shunt enzyme isocitrate lyase. Nature 406, 735\u2013738 (2000).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1252","volume":"11","author":"EJ Munoz-Elias","year":"2005","unstructured":"Munoz-Elias, E. J. & McKinney, J. D. Mycobacterium tuberculosis isocitrate lyases 1 and 2 are jointly required for in vivo growth and virulence. Nature Med. 11, 638\u2013644 (2005).","journal-title":"Nature Med."},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2547","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.4.2547-2549.2005","volume":"73","author":"FC Fang","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fang, F. C., Libby, S. J., Castor, M. E. & Fung, A. M. Isocitrate lyase (AceA) is required for Salmonella persistence but not for acute lethal infection in mice. Infect. Immun. 73, 2547\u20132549 (2005).","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e11","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0020011","volume":"2","author":"TD Lawley","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lawley, T. D. et al. Genome-wide screen for Salmonella genes required for long-term systemic infection of the mouse. PLoS Pathog. 2, e11 (2006).","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12989","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2134250100","volume":"100","author":"CM Sassetti","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sassetti, C. M. & Rubin, E. J. Genetic requirements for mycobacterial survival during infection. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 100, 12989\u201312994 (2003).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5146","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.11.5146-5153.2004","volume":"42","author":"SP Yazdankhah","year":"2004","unstructured":"Yazdankhah, S. P. et al. Distribution of serogroups and genotypes among disease associated and carried isolates of Neisseria meningitidis from the Czech Republic, Greece and Norway. J. Clin. Microbiol. 42, 5146\u20135153 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.152.5.1442","volume":"152","author":"MH Mulks","year":"1980","unstructured":"Mulks, M. H., Plaut, A. G., Feldman, H. A. & Frangione, B. IgA proteases of two distinct specificities are released by Neisseria meningitidis. J. Exp. Med. 152, 1442\u20137 (1980).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1877","volume":"208","author":"JM Woof","year":"2006","unstructured":"Woof, J. M. & Kerr, M. A. The function of immunoglobulin A in immunity. J. pathol. 208, 270\u2013282 (2006).","journal-title":"J. pathol."},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1155\/1998\/68382","volume":"6","author":"JJ Cebra","year":"1998","unstructured":"Cebra, J. J., Periwal, S. B., Lee, G., Lee, F. & Shroff, K. E. Development and maintenance of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT): the roles of enteric bacteria and viruses. Dev. Immunol. 6, 13\u201318 (1998).","journal-title":"Dev. Immunol."},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2222","DOI":"10.1126\/science.288.5474.2222","volume":"288","author":"AJ Macpherson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Macpherson, A. J. et al. A primitive T cell-independent mechanism of intestinal mucosal IgA responses to commensal bacteria. Science 288, 2222\u20132226 (2000).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197811022991802","volume":"299","author":"MH Mulks","year":"1978","unstructured":"Mulks, M. H. & Plaut, A. G. IgA protease production as a characteristic distinguishing pathogenic from harmless Neisseriaceae. N. Engl. J. Med. 299, 973\u2013976 (1978).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5620","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.12.5620-5629.1998","volume":"66","author":"A Polissi","year":"1998","unstructured":"Polissi, A. et al. Large-scale identification of virulence genes from Streptococcus pneumoniae. Infect. Immun. 66, 5620\u20135629 (1998).","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.13.2.331","volume":"13","author":"S Vitovski","year":"1999","unstructured":"Vitovski, S., Read, R. C. & Sayers, J. R. Invasive isolates of Neisseria meningitidis possess enhanced immunoglobulin A1 protease activity compared to colonizing strains. FASEB J. 13, 331\u2013337 (1999).","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188701","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.94.188701","volume":"94","author":"LK Gallos","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gallos, L. K., Cohen, R., Argyrakis, P., Bunde, A. & Havlin, S. Stability and topology of scale-free networks under attack and defense strategies. Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 188701 (2005).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(00)01259-4","volume":"2","author":"JB Lyczak","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lyczak, J. B., Cannon, C. L. & Pier, G. B. Establishment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection: lessons from a versatile opportunist. Microbes Infect. 2, 1051\u20131060 (2000).","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"BFncb0509521_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1038\/45829","volume":"401","author":"Y Fu","year":"1999","unstructured":"Fu, Y. & Galan, J. E. A Salmonella protein antagonizes Rac-1 and Cdc42 to mediate host-cell recovery after bacterial invasion. Nature 401, 293\u2013297 (1999).","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Nature Cell Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ncb0509-521.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ncb0509-521","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ncb0509-521.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T20:05:34Z","timestamp":1684440334000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ncb0509-521"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]}},"alternative-id":["BFncb0509521"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncb0509-521","relation":{},"ISSN":["1465-7392","1476-4679"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1465-7392","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-4679","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]}}}