{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T19:02:13Z","timestamp":1782327733474,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,7]],"date-time":"2007-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1178496000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,7]],"date-time":"2007-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1178496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Cell Biol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1596","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,8]],"date-time":"2007-05-08T05:30:00Z","timestamp":1178602200000},"page":"654-659","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11125,"title":["Exosome-mediated transfer of mRNAs and microRNAs is a novel mechanism of genetic exchange between cells"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Hadi","family":"Valadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Ekstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Apostolos","family":"Bossios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margareta","family":"Sj\u00f6strand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James J","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan O","family":"L\u00f6tvall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFncb1596_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1093\/jb\/mvj128","volume":"140","author":"G Van Niel","year":"2006","unstructured":"Van Niel, G., Porto-Carreiro, I., Simoes, S. & Raposo, G. Exosomes: a common pathway for a specialized function. J. Biochem. 140, 13\u201321 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Biochem."},{"key":"BFncb1596_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(83)90040-5","volume":"33","author":"B-T Pan","year":"1983","unstructured":"Pan, B.-T. & Johnstone, R. M. Fate of the transferrin receptor during maturation of sheep reticulocytes in vitro: Selective externalization of the receptor. Cell 33, 967\u2013978 (1983).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFncb1596_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.147.3.599","volume":"147","author":"C Thery","year":"1999","unstructured":"Thery, C. et al. Molecular characterization of dendritic cell-derived exosomes: selective accumulation of the heat shock protein hsc73. J. Cell Biol. 147, 599\u2013610 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"BFncb1596_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.183.3.1161","volume":"183","author":"G Raposo","year":"1996","unstructured":"Raposo, G. et al. B lymphocytes secrete antigen-presenting vesicles. J. Exp. Med. 183, 1161\u20131172 (1996).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"BFncb1596_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3235","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.7.3235","volume":"168","author":"N Blanchard","year":"2002","unstructured":"Blanchard, N. et al. TCR activation of human T cells induces the production of exosomes bearing the TCR\/CD3\/\u03b6 complex. J. Immunol. 168, 3235\u20133241 (2002).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFncb1596_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2631","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.8.12.2631","volume":"8","author":"G Raposo","year":"1997","unstructured":"Raposo, G. et al. Accumulation of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules in mast cell secretory granules and their release upon degranulation. Mol. Biol. Cell. 8, 2631\u20132645 (1997).","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell."},{"key":"BFncb1596_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2001.26263","volume":"121","author":"G Van Niel","year":"2001","unstructured":"Van Niel, G. et al. Intestinal epithelial cells secrete exosome-like vesicles. Gastroenterology 121, 337\u2013349 (2001).","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"BFncb1596_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4019","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.200400876","volume":"4","author":"R Mears","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mears, R. et al. Proteomic analysis of melanoma-derived exosomes by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Proteomics 4, 4019\u20134031 (2004).","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"key":"BFncb1596_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2892","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4141(2001010)31:10<2892::AID-IMMU2892>3.0.CO;2-I","volume":"31","author":"M Karlsson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Karlsson, M. et al. \u201cTolerosomes\u201d are produced by intestinal epithelial cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 31, 2892\u20132900 (2001).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFncb1596_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.3.1259","volume":"165","author":"K Denzer","year":"2000","unstructured":"Denzer, K. et al. Follicular dendritic cells carry MHC class II-expressing microvesicles at their surface. J. Immunol. 165, 1259\u20131265 (2000).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFncb1596_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.03-1094fje","volume":"18","author":"A Clayton","year":"2004","unstructured":"Clayton, A. et al. Adhesion and signaling by B cell-derived exosomes: the role of integrins. FASEB J. 18, 977\u2013979 (2004).","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"BFncb1596_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3257","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-03-0824","volume":"15","author":"AE Morelli","year":"2004","unstructured":"Morelli, A. E. et al. Endocytosis, intracellular sorting and processing of exosomes by dendritic cells. Blood. 15, 3257\u20133266 (2004).","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"BFncb1596_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxh267","volume":"17","author":"M-P Caby","year":"2005","unstructured":"Caby, M.-P., Lankar, D., Vincendeau-Scherrer, C., Raposo, G. & Bonnerot, C. Exosomal-like vesicles are present in human blood plasma. Int. Immunol. 17, 879\u201387 (2005).","journal-title":"Int. Immunol."},{"key":"BFncb1596_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-01-0220","volume":"106","author":"E Segura","year":"2005","unstructured":"Segura, E. et al. ICAM-1 on exosomes from mature dendritic cells is critical for efficient naive T cell priming. Blood. 106, 216\u201323 (2005).","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"BFncb1596_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.2.868","volume":"166","author":"D Skokos","year":"2001","unstructured":"Skokos, D. et al. Mast cell-eependent B and T lymphocyte activation is mediated by the secretion of immunologically active exosomes. J Immunol. 166, 868\u2013876 (2001).","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"key":"BFncb1596_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1997.8499","volume":"230","author":"JW Bess","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bess, J. W., Gorelick, R. J., Bosche, W. J., Henderson, L. E. & Arthur, L. O. Microvesicles are a source of contaminating cellular proteins found in purified HIV-1 preparations. Virology 230, 134\u2013144 (1997).","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"BFncb1596_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-005-0075-9","volume":"55","author":"M Baj-Krzyworzeka","year":"2006","unstructured":"Baj-Krzyworzeka, M. et al. Tumour-derived microvesicles carry several surface determinants and mRNA of tumour cells and transfer some of these determinants to monocytes. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. 55, 808\u2013818 (2006).","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Immunother."},{"key":"BFncb1596_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2404132","volume":"20","author":"J Ratajczak","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ratajczak, J. et al. Embryonic stem cell-derived microvesicles reprogram hematopoietic progenitors: evidence for horizontal transfer of mRNA and protein delivery. Leukemia. 20, 847\u2013856 (2006).","journal-title":"Leukemia."},{"key":"BFncb1596_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2202","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1444406","volume":"20","author":"JM Thomson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Thomson, J. M. et al. Extensive post-transcriptional regulation of microRNAs and its implications for cancer. Genes Dev. 20, 2202\u20132207 (2006).","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"BFncb1596_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2005.07.070","volume":"579","author":"E Wienholds","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wienholds, E. & Plasterk, R. H. MicroRNA function in animal development. FEBS Lett. 579, 5911\u20135922 (2005).","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"BFncb1596_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4653","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.02073","volume":"132","author":"I Alvarez-Garcia","year":"2005","unstructured":"Alvarez-Garcia, I. & Miska, E. A. MicroRNA functions in animal development and human disease. Development. 132, 4653\u20134662 (2005).","journal-title":"Development."},{"key":"BFncb1596_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1536","volume":"37","author":"A Krek","year":"2005","unstructured":"Krek, A. et al. Combinatorial microRNA target predictions. Nature Genet. 37, 495\u2013500 (2005).","journal-title":"Nature Genet."},{"key":"BFncb1596_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.1994.tb03404.x","volume":"39","author":"G Nilsson","year":"1994","unstructured":"Nilsson, G. et al. Phenotypic characterization of the human mast-cell line HMC-1. Scand. J. Immunol. 39, 489\u201398 (1994).","journal-title":"Scand. J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFncb1596_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.132.3.1479","volume":"132","author":"E Razin","year":"1984","unstructured":"Razin, E. et al. Interleukin 3: A differentiation and growth factor for the mouse mast cell that contains chondroitin sulfate E proteoglycan. J. Immunol. 132, 1479\u20131486 (1984).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFncb1596_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13368","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0403453101","volume":"101","author":"T Pisitkun","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pisitkun, T., Shen, R.-F. & Knepper, M. A. Identification and proteomic profiling of exosomes in human urine. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 101, 13368\u201313373 (2004).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFncb1596_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7309","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.12.7309","volume":"166","author":"C Thery","year":"2001","unstructured":"Thery, C. et al. Proteomic analysis of dendritic cell-derived exosomes: a secreted subcellular compartment distinct from apoptotic vesicles. J. Immunol. 166, 7309\u20137318 (2001).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFncb1596_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.4.2237","volume":"175","author":"I Potolicchio","year":"2005","unstructured":"Potolicchio, I. et al. Proteomic analysis of microglia-derived exosomes: metabolic role of the aminopeptidase CD13 in neuropeptide catabolism. J. Immunol. 175, 2237\u20132243 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFncb1596_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10963","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M207550200","volume":"278","author":"R Wubbolts","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wubbolts, R. et al. Proteomic and biochemical analyses of human B cell-derived exosomes. J. Biol. Chem. 278, 10963\u201310972 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BFncb1596_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4019","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.200400876","volume":"4","author":"R Mears","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mears, R. et al. Proteomic analysis of melanoma-derived exosomes by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Proteomics. 4, 4019\u20134031 (2004).","journal-title":"Proteomics."}],"container-title":["Nature Cell Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ncb1596.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ncb1596","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ncb1596.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]],"date-time":"2023-11-29T12:07:55Z","timestamp":1701259675000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ncb1596"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,7]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]}},"alternative-id":["BFncb1596"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncb1596","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.1085970.540332","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.1085970.541143","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.1085970.538916","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.1085970.541671","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1465-7392","1476-4679"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1465-7392","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-4679","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 February 2007","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 April 2007","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 May 2007","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"J.L., H.V., K.E., M.S. and A.B. co-own the commercial development of a US patent application related to utilization of exosomes as a vector for therapy.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}