{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T06:20:51Z","timestamp":1779344451843,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1995,3,1]],"date-time":"1995-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":794016000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Genet"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,3]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/ng0395-284","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,18]],"date-time":"2004-08-18T21:16:02Z","timestamp":1092863762000},"page":"284-292","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":537,"title":["Susceptibility to human type 1 diabetes at IDDM2 is determined by tandem repeat variation at the insulin gene minisatellite locus"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"S.T.","family":"Bennett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.M.","family":"Lucassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.C.L.","family":"Gough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.E.","family":"Powell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.E.","family":"Undlien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.E.","family":"Pritchard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.E.","family":"Merriman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Kawaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.J.","family":"Dronsfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Pociot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Nerup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Bouzekri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Cambon-Thomsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.S.","family":"R\u00f8nningen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.H.","family":"Barnett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.C.","family":"Bain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.A.","family":"Todd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"BFng0395284_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.1994.tb00222.x","volume":"11","author":"JA Todd","year":"1994","unstructured":"Todd, J.A. The emperor's new genes: 1993 RD Lawrence lecture. Diabetic Med. 11, 6\u201316 (1994).","journal-title":"Diabetic Med."},{"key":"BFng0395284_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02374468","volume":"36","author":"M Karvonen","year":"1993","unstructured":"Karvonen, M., Tuomilehto, J., Libman, I. & LaPorte, R.A. A review of the recent epidemiologioal data on the worldwide incidence of type 1 (Insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 36, 883\u2013892 (1993).","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"BFng0395284_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1038\/371130a0","volume":"371","author":"JL Davies","year":"1994","unstructured":"Davies, J.L. et al. A genome-wide search for human type 1 diabetes susceptibility genes. Nature 371, 130\u2013136 (1994).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFng0395284_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1038\/371161a0","volume":"371","author":"L Hashimoto","year":"1994","unstructured":"Hashimoto, L. et al. Genetic mapping of a susceptibility locus for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus on chromosome 11q. Nature 371, 161\u2013164 (1994).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFng0395284_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1094-189","volume":"8","author":"LL Field","year":"1994","unstructured":"Field, L.L., Tobias, R. & Magnus, T. A locus on chromosome 15q26 (IDDM3) produces susceptibility to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Nature Genet. 8, 189\u2013194 (1994).","journal-title":"Nature Genet."},{"key":"BFng0395284_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0195-80","volume":"9","author":"JB Copeman","year":"1995","unstructured":"Copeman, J.B. et al. Linkage disequilibrium mapping of a type 1 diabetes susceptibility gene (IDDM7) to chromosome 2q31 -q33. Nature Genet. 9, 80\u201385 (1995).","journal-title":"Nature Genet."},{"issue":"2","key":"BFng0395284_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.41.2.123","volume":"41","author":"M. J. Sheehy","year":"1992","unstructured":"Sheehy, M.J. HLA and insulin dependent diabetes.Diabetes 41, 123\u2013129 (1992).","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"BFng0395284_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.33.2.176","volume":"33","author":"GI Bell","year":"1984","unstructured":"Bell, G.I., Hortta, S. & Karam, J.H. Apolymorphlc locus near the human insulin gene is associated with Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Diabetes 33, 176\u201383 (1984).","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"BFng0395284_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1038\/354155a0","volume":"354","author":"C Juller","year":"1991","unstructured":"Juller, C. et al. lnsulin-IGF2 region on chromosome 11p encodes a gene implicated in HLA-DR4-dependent diabetes susceptibility. Nature 354, 155\u2013159 (1991).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFng0395284_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1192-212","volume":"2","author":"SC Bain","year":"1992","unstructured":"Bain, S.C. et al. Insulin gene region-encoded susceptibility to type 1 diabetes is not restricted to HLA-DR4-positive individuals. Nature Genet. 2, 212\u2013215 34. (1992).","journal-title":"Nature Genet."},{"key":"BFng0395284_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0793-305","volume":"4","author":"AM Lucassen","year":"1993","unstructured":"Lucassen, A.M. et al. Susceptibility to insulin dependent diabetes mellitus maps to a 4.1 -Kb segment of DNA spanning the insulin gene and associated VNTR. Nature Genet. 4, 305\u2013310 (1993).","journal-title":"Nature Genet."},{"key":"BFng0395284_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.42.12.1708","volume":"42","author":"D Owerbach","year":"1993","unstructured":"Owerbach, D. & Gabbay, K.H. Localization of a type 1 diabete ssusceptibility locus to the variable tandem repeat region flanking the insulin gene. Diabetes 42, 1708\u20131714 (1993).","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"BFng0395284_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/4.2.197","volume":"4","author":"LE Pritchard","year":"1995","unstructured":"Pritchard, L.E. et al. Analysis of the CD3 region and type 1 diabetes: application of fluorescence-based technology to linkage disequilibrium mapping. Hum. molec Genet, 4, 197\u2013202 (1995).","journal-title":"Hum. molec Genet"},{"key":"BFng0395284_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1038\/295031a0","volume":"295","author":"GI Bell","year":"1982","unstructured":"Bell, G.I., Selby, M.J. & Rutter, W.J. The highly polymorphic region near the human insulin gene is composed of simple tandemly repeating sequences. Nature 295, 31\u201335 (1982).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFng0395284_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1006\/jaut.1994.1053","volume":"7","author":"A Pugliese","year":"1994","unstructured":"Pugliese, A., Awdeh, Z.L., Alper, C.A., Jackson, R.A. & Eisenbarth, G.S. The paternally inherited insulin gene B allele (1, 428 Fokl site) confers protection from insulin-dependent diabetes in families. J. Autoimmun. 7, 687\u2013694 (1994).","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"key":"BFng0395284_CR16","first-page":"63A","volume":"42","author":"M Ma Bui","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ma Bui, M., Muir, A., Maclaren, N. & She, J. Linkage of the insulin gene (INS) with insulin-dependent (IDD) in Caucasians suggest a maternal imprinting effect. Diabetes 42 (suppl. 1), 63A (1993).","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"BFng0395284_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-9525(92)90256-4","volume":"8","author":"CM Heame","year":"1992","unstructured":"Heame, C.M., Ghosh, S. & Todd, J.A. Microsatellites for linkage analysis of genetic traits. Trends Genet. 8, 288\u2013294 (1992).","journal-title":"Trends Genet."},{"key":"BFng0395284_CR18","first-page":"495","volume":"43","author":"NJ Cox","year":"1988","unstructured":"Cox, N.J., Bell, G.I. & Xiang, K. Linkage disequilibrium in the human insulin\/insulin-like growth factor II region of human chromosome II. Am. J. hum. Genet. 43, 495\u2013501 (1988).","journal-title":"Am. J. hum. Genet."},{"key":"BFng0395284_CR19","first-page":"526","volume":"55","author":"RE McGinnis","year":"1994","unstructured":"McGinnis, R.E. & Spielman, R.S. Linkage disequilibrium in the insulin gene region: size variation at the 5' flanking polymorphism and bimodality among \u201cclass I\u201d alleles. Am. J. hum. Genet. 55, 526\u2013532 (1994).","journal-title":"Am. J. hum. Genet."},{"key":"BFng0395284_CR20","first-page":"311","volume":"49","author":"C Oudet","year":"1991","unstructured":"Oudet, C., Heilig, R., Hanauer, A. & Mandel, J.-L. Nonradioactive assay for new microsatellite polymorphisms at the 5\u2032 end of the dystrophin gene, and estimation of intragenic recombination. Am. J. hum. Genet. 49, 311\u2013319 (1991).","journal-title":"Am. J. hum. Genet."},{"key":"BFng0395284_CR21","first-page":"297","volume":"52","author":"C Oudet","year":"1993","unstructured":"Oudet, C. et al. Linkage disequilibrium between the fragile X mutation and two closely linked CA repeats suggests that fragile X chromosomes are derived from a small number of founder chromosomes. Am. J. hum. Genet. 52, 297\u2013304 (1993).","journal-title":"Am. J. hum. Genet."},{"key":"BFng0395284_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1809.1992.tb01126.x","volume":"56","author":"HH Renges","year":"1992","unstructured":"Renges, H.H., Peacock, R., Dunning, A.M., Talmud, P. & Humphries, S.E. Genetic relationship between the 3\u2032-VNTR and diallelic apolipoprotein B gene polymorphisms. Ann. hum. Genet 56, 11\u201333 (1992).","journal-title":"Ann. hum. Genet"},{"key":"BFng0395284_CR23","first-page":"513","volume":"55","author":"JJ Martinson","year":"1994","unstructured":"Martinson, J.J., Boyce, A.J. & Clegg, J.B. VNTR alleles associated with the \u03b1-globin locus are haplotype and population related. Am. J. hum. Genet. 55, 513\u2013525 (1994).","journal-title":"Am. J. hum. Genet."},{"key":"BFng0395284_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1993.2542","volume":"197","author":"Y Xu","year":"1993","unstructured":"Xu, Y., Goodyer, C.G., Deal, C. & Polychronakos, C. Functional polymorphism in the parental imprinting of the human IGF2R gene. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 197, 747\u2013754 (1993).","journal-title":"Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications"},{"key":"BFng0395284_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(91)90513-X","volume":"64","author":"TM DeChiara","year":"1991","unstructured":"DeChiara, T.M., Robertson, E.J. & Efstratiadis, A. Parental imprinting of the mouse insulin-like growth factor II gene. Cell 64, 849\u2013859 (1991).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFng0395284_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0593-98","volume":"4","author":"N Glannoukakis","year":"1993","unstructured":"Glannoukakis, N., Deal, C., Paquette, J., Goodyer, C.G. & Polychronakos, C. Parental genomic imprinting of the human IGF2 gene. Nature Genet. 4, 98\u2013101 (1993).","journal-title":"Nature Genet."},{"key":"BFng0395284_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.3.1.32","volume":"3","author":"MA Keller","year":"1993","unstructured":"Keller, M.A. et al. Fluorescence-based RT PCR analysis: Determination of the ratio of soluble to membrane-bound forms of Fc\u03b3RIIA transcripts in hematopoietic cell lines. PCR Meth. Appl. 3, 32\u201338 (1993).","journal-title":"PCR Meth. Appl."},{"key":"BFng0395284_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1809.1987.tb00875.x","volume":"51","author":"CT Falk","year":"1987","unstructured":"Falk, C.T. & Rubinstein, P. Haplotype relative risk: an easy reliable way to construct a proper control sample for risk calculations. Ann. hum. Genet. 51, 227\u2013233 (1987).","journal-title":"Ann. hum. Genet."},{"key":"BFng0395284_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.1370060129","volume":"6","author":"G Thomson","year":"1989","unstructured":"Thomson, G., Robinson, W.P., Kuhner, M.K., Joe, S. & Klitz, W. HLA and insulin gene associations with IDDM. Genet. Epldemiol. 6, 155\u2013160 (1989).","journal-title":"Genet. Epldemiol."},{"key":"BFng0395284_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(82)92152-3","volume":"1","author":"D Owerbach","year":"1982","unstructured":"Owerbach, D., Billesbolle, P., Poulsen, S. & Nerup, J. DNA insertion sequences near the insulin gene affect glucose regulation. Lancet 1, 880\u2013883 (1982).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BFng0395284_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.34.4.311","volume":"34","author":"MA Permutt","year":"1985","unstructured":"Permutt, M.A., Rotwein, P., Andreone, T., Ward, W.K. & Porte, D. Islet \u03b2-cell function and polymorphism in the 5\u2032-flanking region of the human insulin gene. Diabetes 34, 311\u2013314 (1985).","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"BFng0395284_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.1988.tb01271.x","volume":"18","author":"S Coccoza","year":"1988","unstructured":"Coccoza, S. et al. Polymorphism at the 5' end flanking region of the insulin gene is associated with reduced insulin secretion in healthy individuals. Euro. J. clin. Invest. 18, 582\u2013586 (1988).","journal-title":"Euro. J. clin. Invest."},{"key":"BFng0395284_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.1992.tb01461.x","volume":"22","author":"JU Weaver","year":"1992","unstructured":"Weaver, J.U., Kopelman, P.G. & Hitman, G.A. Central obesity and hyperinsulinaemia in women are associated with polymorphism in the 5' flanking region of the human insulin gene. Euro. J. clin. Invest. 22, 265\u2013270 (1992).","journal-title":"Euro. J. clin. Invest."},{"key":"BFng0395284_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lucassen, A.M. et al. Regulation of insulin gene expression by the IDDM associated, insulin locus haplotype. Hum. molec. Genet, (in the press)","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/4.4.501"},{"key":"BFng0395284_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1038\/306557a0","volume":"306","author":"MD Walker","year":"1983","unstructured":"Walker, M.D., Edlund, T., Boulet, A.M. & Rutter, W.J. Cell-specific expression controlled by the 5\u2032-flanking region of insulin and chymotrypsin genes. Nature 306, 557\u2013561 (1983).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFng0395284_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0395-293","volume":"9","author":"GC Kennedy","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kennedy, G.C., German, M.S. & Rutter, W.J. The minisatellite in the diabetes susceptibility locus IDDM2 regulates insulin transcription. Nature Genet. 9, 293\u2013298 (1995).","journal-title":"Nature Genet."},{"key":"BFng0395284_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1038\/351153a0","volume":"351","author":"MS Bartolomei","year":"1991","unstructured":"Bartolomei, M.S., Zemel, S. & Tilghman, S.M. Parental imprinting of the mouse H19 gene. Nature 351, 153\u2013155 (1991).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFng0395284_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0492-40","volume":"1","author":"Y Zhang","year":"1992","unstructured":"Zhang, Y. & Tycko, B. Monoallelic expression of the human H19 gene. Nature Genet. 1, 40\u201344 (1992).","journal-title":"Nature Genet."},{"key":"BFng0395284_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0394-310","volume":"6","author":"SJ Giddings","year":"1994","unstructured":"Giddings, S.J., King, C.D., Harman, K.W., Flood, J.F. & Carnaghi, L.R. Allele specific inactivation of insulin 1 and 2, in the mouse yolk sac, indicates imprinting. Nature Genet. 6, 310\u2013313 (1994).","journal-title":"Nature Genet."},{"key":"BFng0395284_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0394-305","volume":"6","author":"Y Jinno","year":"1994","unstructured":"Jinno, Y. et al. Mosaic and polymorphic imprinting of the WT1 gene in humans. Nature Genet. 6, 305\u2013309 (1994).","journal-title":"Nature Genet."},{"key":"BFng0395284_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1038\/371714a0","volume":"371","author":"TH Vu","year":"1994","unstructured":"Vu, T.H. & Hoffman, A.R. Promoter-specific imprinting of the human insulin-like growth factor-II gene. Nature 371, 714\u2013717 (1994).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFng0395284_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0195-12","volume":"9","author":"B Neumann","year":"1995","unstructured":"Neumann, B., Kubicka, P. & Barlow, D.P. Characteristics of imprinted genes. Nature Genet. 9, 12\u201313 (1995).","journal-title":"Nature Genet."},{"key":"BFng0395284_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1006\/geno.1993.1343","volume":"17","author":"M Green","year":"1993","unstructured":"Green, M. & Krontiris, T.G. Allelic variation of reporter gene activation by the HRAS1 minisatellite. Genomics 17, 429\u2013434 (1993).","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"BFng0395284_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199308193290801","volume":"329","author":"TG Krontiris","year":"1993","unstructured":"Krontiris, T.G., Devlin, B., Karp, D.D., Robert, N.J. & Risch, N. An association between the risk of cancer and mutations in the HRAS1 minisatellite locus. N. Engl. J. Med. 329, 517\u2013523 (1993).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"BFng0395284_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8285","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)39070-2","volume":"265","author":"DSW Boam","year":"1990","unstructured":"Boam, D.S.W., Clark, A.R. & Docherty, K. Positive and negative regulation of the human insulin gene by multiple transacting factors. J. Biol. Chem. 265, 8285\u20138296 (1990).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BFng0395284_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/20.2.231","volume":"20","author":"MCU Hammond-Kosack","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hammond-Kosack, M.C.U., Dobrinski, B., Lurz, R., Docherty, K. & Kilpatrick, M.W. The human insulin gene linked polymorphic region exhibits an altered DNA structure. Nucleic Acids Res. 20, 231\u2013236 (1992).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"BFng0395284_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(89)81236-0","volume":"247","author":"J Takeda","year":"1989","unstructured":"Takeda, J., Ishii, S., Seino, Y., Imamato, F. & Imura, H. Negative regulation of human insulin gene expression by the 5\u2032-flanking region in non-pancreatic cells. FEBS Lett. 247, 41\u201345 (1989).","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"BFng0395284_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/0888-7543(88)90127-9","volume":"3","author":"NJ Royce","year":"1988","unstructured":"Royce, N.J., Clarkson, R.E., Wong, Z. & Jeffreys, A. Clustering of hypervariable minisatellites in the proterminal regions of human autosomes. Genomics 3, 352\u2013360 (1988).","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"BFng0395284_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4008","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/19.14.4008","volume":"19","author":"RH Don","year":"1991","unstructured":"Don, R.H., Cox, P.T., Wainwright, B.J., Baker, K. & Mattick, J.S. Touchdown PCR to circumvent spurious priming during gene amplification. Nucleic Acids Res. 19, 4008 (1991).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"BFng0395284_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0794-390","volume":"7","author":"PW Reed","year":"1994","unstructured":"Reed, P.W. et al. Chromosome-specific microsatellite sets for fluorescence-based, semi-automated genome mapping. Nature Genet. 7, 390\u2013395 (1994).","journal-title":"Nature Genet."},{"key":"BFng0395284_CR51","first-page":"506","volume":"52","author":"RS Spielman","year":"1993","unstructured":"Spielman, R.S., McGinnis, R.E. & Ewens, W.J. Transmission test for linkage disequilibrium: the insulin gene region and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Am. J. hum. Genet. 52, 506\u2013516 (1993).","journal-title":"Am. J. hum. Genet."}],"container-title":["Nature Genetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ng0395-284","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ng0395-284.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ng0395-284.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T20:25:28Z","timestamp":1684441528000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ng0395-284"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,3]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,3]]}},"alternative-id":["BFng0395284"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ng0395-284","relation":{},"ISSN":["1061-4036","1546-1718"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1061-4036","type":"print"},{"value":"1546-1718","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,3]]}}}