{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T03:37:51Z","timestamp":1776483471220,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,18]],"date-time":"2003-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1045526400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,18]],"date-time":"2003-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1045526400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Genet"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,1]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/ng1117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,27]],"date-time":"2003-02-27T13:22:58Z","timestamp":1046352178000},"page":"401-406","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1220,"title":["A lentivirus-based system to functionally silence genes in primary mammalian cells, stem cells and transgenic mice by RNA interference"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Douglas A","family":"Rubinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Christopher P","family":"Dillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Adam V","family":"Kwiatkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Sievers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Johnny","family":"Kopinja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dina L","family":"Rooney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mingdi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Melanie M","family":"Ihrig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Michael T","family":"McManus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Frank B","family":"Gertler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Martin L","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Luk","family":"Van Parijs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFng1117_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1038\/35078107","volume":"411","author":"SM Elbashir","year":"2001","unstructured":"Elbashir, S.M. et al. Duplexes of 21-nucleotide RNAs mediate RNA interference in cultured mammalian cells. Nature 411, 494\u2013498 (2001).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFng1117_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt0502-500","volume":"20","author":"NS Lee","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lee, N.S. et al. Expression of small interfering RNAs targeted against HIV-1 rev transcripts in human cells. Nat. Biotechnol. 20, 500\u2013505 (2002).","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"BFng1117_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1068999","volume":"296","author":"TR Brummelkamp","year":"2002","unstructured":"Brummelkamp, T.R., Bernards, R. & Agami, R. A system for stable expression of short interfering RNAs in mammalian cells. Science 296, 550\u2013553 (2002).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFng1117_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355838202024032","volume":"8","author":"MT McManus","year":"2002","unstructured":"McManus, M.T., Petersen, C.P., Haines, B.B., Chen, J. & Sharp, P.A. Gene silencing using micro-RNA designed hairpins. RNA 8, 842\u2013850 (2002).","journal-title":"RNA"},{"key":"BFng1117_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt0502-497","volume":"20","author":"M Miyagishi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Miyagishi, M. & Taira, K. U6 promoter driven siRNAs with four uridine 3\u2032 overhangs efficiently suppress targeted gene expression in mammalian cells. Nat. Biotechnol. 20, 497\u2013500 (2002).","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"BFng1117_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.981002","volume":"16","author":"PJ Paddison","year":"2002","unstructured":"Paddison, P.J., Caudy, A.A., Bernstein, E., Hannon, G.J. & Conklin, D.S. Short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) induce sequence-specific silencing in mammalian cells. Genes Dev. 16, 948\u2013958 (2002).","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"BFng1117_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt0502-505","volume":"20","author":"CP Paul","year":"2002","unstructured":"Paul, C.P., Good, P.D., Winer, I. & Engelke, D.R. Effective expression of small interfering RNA in human cells. Nat. Biotechnol. 20, 505\u2013508 (2002).","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"BFng1117_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5515","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.082117599","volume":"99","author":"G Sui","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sui, G. et al. A DNA vector-based RNAi technology to suppress gene expression in mammalian cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99, 5515\u20135520 (2002).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFng1117_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6047","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.092143499","volume":"99","author":"JY Yu","year":"2002","unstructured":"Yu, J.Y., DeRuiter, S.L. & Turner, D.L. RNA interference by expression of short-interfering RNAs and hairpin RNAs in mammalian cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99, 6047\u20136052 (2002).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFng1117_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/S1535-6108(02)00122-8","volume":"2","author":"TR Brummelkamp","year":"2002","unstructured":"Brummelkamp, T.R., Bernards, R. & Agami, R. Stable suppression of tumorigenicity by virus-mediated RNA interference. Cancer Cell 2, 243\u2013247 (2002).","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"BFng1117_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1038\/418038a","volume":"418","author":"AP McCaffrey","year":"2002","unstructured":"McCaffrey, A.P. et al. RNA interference in adult mice. Nature 418, 38\u201339 (2002).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFng1117_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg908","volume":"3","author":"MT McManus","year":"2002","unstructured":"McManus, M.T. & Sharp, P.A. Gene silencing in mammals by small interfering RNAs. Nat. Rev. Genet. 3, 737\u2013747 (2002).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"BFng1117_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-7915(00)00247-8","volume":"13","author":"C Lois","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lois, C., Refaeli, Y., Qin, X.F. & Van Parijs, L. Retroviruses as tools to study the immune system. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 13, 496\u2013504 (2001).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"BFng1117_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.2174\/1566523023348237","volume":"2","author":"M Scherr","year":"2002","unstructured":"Scherr, M. & Eder, M. Gene transfer into hematopoietic stem cells using lentiviral vectors. Curr. Gene Ther. 2, 45\u201355 (2002).","journal-title":"Curr. Gene Ther."},{"key":"BFng1117_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt0502-446","volume":"20","author":"T Tuschl","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tuschl, T. Expanding small RNA interference. Nat. Biotechnol. 20, 446\u2013448 (2002).","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"BFng1117_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/S0958-1669(98)80029-3","volume":"9","author":"L Naldini","year":"1998","unstructured":"Naldini, L. Lentiviruses as gene transfer agents for delivery to non-dividing cells. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 9, 457\u2013463 (1998).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Biotechnol."},{"key":"BFng1117_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1126\/science.272.5259.263","volume":"272","author":"L Naldini","year":"1996","unstructured":"Naldini, L. et al. In vivo gene delivery and stable transduction of nondividing cells by a lentiviral vector. Science 272, 263\u2013267 (1996).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFng1117_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2140","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.251682798","volume":"99","author":"A Pfeifer","year":"2002","unstructured":"Pfeifer, A., Ikawa, M., Dayn, Y. & Verma, I.M. Transgenesis by lentiviral vectors: lack of gene silencing in mammalian embryonic stem cells and preimplantation embryos. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99, 2140\u20132145 (2002).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFng1117_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1067081","volume":"295","author":"C Lois","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lois, C., Hong, E.J., Pease, S., Brown, E.J. & Baltimore, D. Germline transmission and tissue-specific expression of transgenes delivered by lentiviral vectors. Science 295, 868\u2013872 (2002).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFng1117_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90169-4","volume":"76","author":"KA Hogquist","year":"1994","unstructured":"Hogquist, K.A. et al. T cell receptor antagonist peptides induce positive selection. Cell 76, 17\u201327 (1994).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFng1117_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5754","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.10.5754","volume":"169","author":"MT McManus","year":"2002","unstructured":"McManus, M.T. et al. Small interfering RNA-mediated gene silencing in T lymphocytes. J. Immunol. 169, 5754\u20135760 (2002).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFng1117_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2000.tb05419.x","volume":"917","author":"A Strasser","year":"2000","unstructured":"Strasser, A. et al. The role of bim, a proapoptotic BH3-only member of the Bcl-2 family in cell-death control. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 917, 541\u2013548 (2000).","journal-title":"Ann. NY Acad. Sci."},{"key":"BFng1117_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/1074-7613(95)90180-9","volume":"3","author":"DM Willerford","year":"1995","unstructured":"Willerford, D.M. et al. Interleukin-2 receptor \u03b1 chain regulates the size and content of the peripheral lymphoid compartment. Immunity 3, 521\u2013530 (1995).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"BFng1117_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4406","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.10.8.4406","volume":"10","author":"EV Schmidt","year":"1990","unstructured":"Schmidt, E.V., Christoph, G., Zeller, R. & Leder, P. The cytomegalovirus enhancer: a pan-active control element in transgenic mice. Mol. Cell. Biol. 10, 4406\u20134411 (1990).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"BFng1117_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81341-0","volume":"87","author":"FB Gertler","year":"1996","unstructured":"Gertler, F.B., Niebuhr, K., Reinhard, M., Wehland, J. & Soriano, P. Mena, a relative of VASP and Drosophila Enabled, is implicated in the control of microfilament dynamics. Cell 87, 227\u2013239 (1996).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFng1117_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4528","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.10.4528","volume":"90","author":"J Chen","year":"1993","unstructured":"Chen, J., Lansford, R., Stewart, V., Young, F. & Alt, F.W. RAG-2\u2013deficient blastocyst complementation: an assay of gene function in lymphocyte development. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90, 4528\u20134532 (1993).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFng1117_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S1535-6108(02)00092-2","volume":"2","author":"PJ Paddison","year":"2002","unstructured":"Paddison, P.J. & Hannon, G.J. RNA interference: the new somatic cell genetics? Cancer Cell 2, 17\u201323 (2002).","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"BFng1117_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1038\/418244a","volume":"418","author":"GJ Hannon","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hannon, G.J. RNA interference. Nature 418, 244\u2013251 (2002).","journal-title":"Nature"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1038\/ng0607-803","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,1]],"date-time":"2007-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1180656000000}},{"DOI":"10.1038\/ng0603-231a","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,1]],"date-time":"2003-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1054425600000}}],"container-title":["Nature Genetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ng1117.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ng1117","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ng1117.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T17:17:53Z","timestamp":1684430273000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ng1117"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,18]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,1]]}},"alternative-id":["BFng1117"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ng1117","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.1012760.187804","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1061-4036","1546-1718"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1061-4036","type":"print"},{"value":"1546-1718","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 October 2002","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 January 2003","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 February 2003","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 May 2007","order":4,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Corrigendum","order":5,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors wish to remove panels b, d, and e of Figure 2 because they were falsified or fabricated. Figure 2 shows the functional silencing of genes in primary cells by lentiviral-mediated RNAi. The authors showed that primary activated T cells can be successfully transduced by lentivirus and that RNAi-targeted surface markers are downregulated in transduced cells (Fig. 2a). This knockdown leads to a deficiency in T cell proliferation in response to IL-2 (Fig. 2c). These conclusions remain intact. Figure 2b demonstrates the transduction of bone marrow\u2013derived dendritic cells and the knockdown of bim expression. Figure 2d shows the transduction of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and the expression of GFP marker in splenocytes from chimeras derived from transduced HSCs. Figure 2e shows the reduction in CD8+ cells harvested in CD8-knockdown bone marrow chimeras. However, the data supporting the transduction of dendritic cells or HSCs with the lentiviral vector pLL3.7 and the resulting knockdown has been determined to be falsified or fabricated, invalidating the conclusions drawn from these panels (Fig. 2b,d,e). We have no reason to believe that the other results and interpretations in this paper need to be corrected. This correction follows an investigation by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology into scientific misconduct by Luk Van Parijs, the communicating author of the paper. The investigation also found that Dr. Van Parijs was solely responsible for the scientific misconduct that resulted in the falsified or fabricated data in this paper. In addition, the authors wish to revise a Corrigendum regarding this paper that was published at Dr. Van Parijs' request (Nat. Genet. 34, 231; 2003). The Corrigendum contained a revised author list that mistakenly omitted Mingdi Zhang, an author on the original paper. The complete author list is as follows: Douglas A. Rubinson, Christopher P. Dillon, Adam V. Kwiatkowski, Claudia Sievers, Lili Yang, Johnny Kopinja, Dina L. Rooney, Mingdi Zhang, Melanie M. Ihrig, Michael T. McManus, Frank B. Gertler, Martin L. Scott & Luk Van Parijs.That Corrigendum also acknowledged partial support from the Broad Institute for the work reported in the paper. The Broad Institute in fact did not support any of that work, and the acknowledgment of its support was mistaken.Editor\u2019s note: all of the authors, with the exception of Luk Van Parijs, agree with the wording of this Corrigendum.","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing financial interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}