{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T13:51:33Z","timestamp":1780667493421,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":141,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,6,1]],"date-time":"2002-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1022889600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,6,1]],"date-time":"2002-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1022889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Rev Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,6,1]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/nrc821","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,20]],"date-time":"2002-09-20T19:49:30Z","timestamp":1032551370000},"page":"420-430","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1024,"title":["Targeting death and decoy receptors of the tumour-necrosis factor superfamily"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Avi","family":"Ashkenazi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"BFnrc821_CR1","first-page":"1169","volume":"29","author":"WE O'Malley","year":"1962","unstructured":"O'Malley, W. E., Achinstein, B. & Shear, M. J. Action of bacterial polysaccharide on tumors II: damage of sarcoma 37 by serum of mice treated with Serratia marscescens polysaccharide and induced tolerance. J. Natl Cancer Inst. 29, 1169\u20131175 (1962).","journal-title":"J. Natl Cancer Inst."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3666","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.72.9.3666","volume":"72","author":"EA Carswell","year":"1975","unstructured":"Carswell, E. A. et al. An endotoxin-induced serum factor that causes necrosis of tumors. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 72, 3666\u20133670 (1975).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1038\/258731a0","volume":"258","author":"L Helson","year":"1975","unstructured":"Helson, L., Green, S., Carswell, E. & Old, L. J. Effect of tumor necrosis factor on cultured melanoma cells. Nature 258, 731\u2013732 (1975).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1038\/312724a0","volume":"312","author":"D Pennica","year":"1984","unstructured":"Pennica, D., Nedwin, G. E., Hayflick, J., Aggarwal, B. B. & Goeddel, D. V. Human tumor necrosis factor: precursor structure, expression and homology to lymphotoxin. Nature 312, 724\u2013729 (1984).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1038\/312721a0","volume":"312","author":"PW Gray","year":"1984","unstructured":"Gray, P. W. et al. Cloning and expression of cDNA for human lymphotoxin, a lymphkine with tumor necrosis activity. Nature 312, 721\u2013724 (1984).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1038\/316552a0","volume":"316","author":"B Beutler","year":"1985","unstructured":"Beutler, B. et al. Identity of tumor necrosis factor and the macrophage-secreted factor cachectin. Nature 316, 552\u2013554 (1985).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90574-A","volume":"72","author":"JL Browning","year":"1993","unstructured":"Browning, J. L. et al. Lymphotoxin-\u03b2, a novel member of the TNF family that forms a heterotrimeric complex with lymphotoxin on the cell surface. Cell 72, 847\u2013856 (1993).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1038\/318665a0","volume":"318","author":"BB Aggarwal","year":"1985","unstructured":"Aggarwal, B. B., Eessalu, T. E. & Hass, P. E. Characterization of receptors for tumor necrosis factor and their regulation by \u03b3-interferon. Nature 318, 665\u2013667 (1985).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1989.tb03521.x","volume":"8","author":"I Stamenkovic","year":"1989","unstructured":"Stamenkovic, I., Clark, E. A. & Seed, B. A B-lymphocyte activation molecule related to the nerve growth factor receptor and induced by cytokines in carcinomas. EMBO J. 8, 1403\u20131410 (1989).","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1963","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.6.1963","volume":"86","author":"BS Kwon","year":"1989","unstructured":"Kwon, B. S. & Weissman, S. M. cDNA sequences of two inducible T-cell genes. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 86, 1963\u20131967 (1989).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(86)90619-7","volume":"47","author":"D Johnson","year":"1986","unstructured":"Johnson, D. et al. Expression and structure of the human NGF receptor. Cell 47, 545\u2013554 (1986).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(92)90116-O","volume":"13","author":"L Tartaglia","year":"1992","unstructured":"Tartaglia, L. & Goeddel, D. Two TNF receptors. Immunol. Today 13, 151\u2013153 (1992).","journal-title":"Immunol. Today"},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90372-7","volume":"76","author":"CA Smith","year":"1994","unstructured":"Smith, C. A., Farrah, T. & Goodwin, R. G. The TNF receptor superfamily of cellular and viral proteins: activation, costimulation, and death. Cell 76, 959\u2013962 (1994).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/1074-7613(95)90057-8","volume":"3","author":"SR Wiley","year":"1995","unstructured":"Wiley, S. R. et al. Identification and characterization of a new member of the TNF family that induces apoptosis. Immunity 3, 673\u2013682 (1995).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12697","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.22.12687","volume":"271","author":"RM Pitti","year":"1996","unstructured":"Pitti, R. M. et al. Induction of apoptosis by Apo-2 ligand, a new member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family. J. Biol. Chem. 271, 12697\u201312690 (1996).References 14 and 15 provided the first identification and characterization of APO2L\/TRAIL as an apoptosis-inducing ligand.","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1126\/science.281.5381.1305","volume":"281","author":"A Ashkenazi","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ashkenazi, A. & Dixit, V. M. Death receptors: signaling and modulation. Science 281, 1305\u20131308 (1998).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR17","volume-title":"Cytokine Reference:TNF Ligand and TNF\/NGF Receptor Families","author":"D Wallach","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wallach, D. Cytokine Reference:TNF Ligand and TNF\/NGF Receptor Families (Academic, San Diego, 2000)."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(01)00481-X","volume":"11","author":"M Yan","year":"2001","unstructured":"Yan, M. et al. Identification of a novel receptor for B lymphocyte stimulator that is mutated in a mouse strain with severe B cell deficiency. Curr. Biol. 11, 1547\u20131552 (2001).","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2108","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1061965","volume":"293","author":"JS Thompson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Thompson, J. S. et al. BAFF-R, a newly identified TNF receptor that specifically interacts with BAFF. Science 293, 2108\u20132111 (2001).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(01)00232-1","volume":"15","author":"SR Wiley","year":"2001","unstructured":"Wiley, S. R. et al. A novel TNF receptor family member binds TWEAK and is implicated in angiogenesis. Immunity 15, 837\u2013846 (2001).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(01)00237-9","volume":"104","author":"RM Locksley","year":"2001","unstructured":"Locksley, R. M., Killeen, N. & Lenardo, M. J. The TNF and TNF receptor superfamilies: integrating mammalian biology. Cell 104, 487\u2013501 (2001).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17595","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)71533-0","volume":"264","author":"MJ Eck","year":"1989","unstructured":"Eck, M. J. & Sprang, S. R. The structure of tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 at 2.6\u00c5 resolution. J. Biol. Chem. 264, 17595\u201317605 (1989).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2119","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)45849-8","volume":"267","author":"MJ Eck","year":"1992","unstructured":"Eck, M. J., Ultsch, M., Rinderknecht, E., de Vos, A. M. & Sprang, S. R. The structure of human lymphotoxin (tumor-necrosis factor-\u03b2) at 1. 9\u00c5 resolution. J. Biol. Chem. 267, 2119\u20132122 (1992).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1021\/bi992242l","volume":"39","author":"SG Hymowitz","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hymowitz, S. G. et al. A unique zinc-binding site revealed by a high-resolution X-ray structure of homotrimeric Apo2L\/TRAIL. Biochemistry 39, 633\u2013640 (2000).","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1016\/S0969-2126(01)00239-8","volume":"3","author":"M Karpusas","year":"1995","unstructured":"Karpusas, M. et al. 2\u00c5 crystal structure of an extracellular fragment of human CD40 ligand. Structure 3, 1031\u20131039 (1995).","journal-title":"Structure"},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI13890","volume":"108","author":"J Lam","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lam, J., Nelson, C. A., Ross, F. P., Teitelbaum, S. L. & Fremont, D. H. Crystal structure of the TRANCE\/RANKL cytokine reveals determinants of receptor-ligand specificity. J. Clin. Invest. 108, 971\u2013979 (2001).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0029(20000801)50:3<184::AID-JEMT2>3.0.CO;2-H","volume":"50","author":"HT Idriss","year":"2000","unstructured":"Idriss, H. T. & Naismith, J. H. TNF and the TNF receptor superfamily: structure-function relationship(s). Microsc. Res. Tech. 50, 184\u2013195 (2000).","journal-title":"Microsc. Res. Tech."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90071-3","volume":"81","author":"AM Chinnaiyan","year":"1995","unstructured":"Chinnaiyan, A. M., O'Rourke, K., Tewari, M. & Dixit, V. M. FADD, a novel death domain-containing protein, interacts with the death domain of Fas and initiates apoptosis. Cell 81, 505\u2013512 (1995).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.1.387","volume":"270","author":"MP Boldin","year":"1995","unstructured":"Boldin, M. P. et al. A novel protein that interacts with the death domain of Fas\/APO1 contains a sequence motif related to the death domain. J. Biol. Chem. 270, 387\u2013391 (1995).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90070-5","volume":"81","author":"H Hsu","year":"1995","unstructured":"Hsu, H., Xiong, J. & Goeddel, D. The TNF receptor-associated protein TRADD signals cell death and NF-\u03baB activation. Cell 81, 495\u2013504 (1995).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1126\/science.281.5381.1322","volume":"281","author":"J Adams","year":"1998","unstructured":"Adams, J. & Cory, S. The Bcl-2 protein family: arbiters of cell survival. Science 281, 1322\u20131326 (1998).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)00003-9","volume":"102","author":"D Green","year":"2000","unstructured":"Green, D. Apoptotic pathways: paper wraps stone blunts scissors. Cell 102, 1\u20134 (2000).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1784","DOI":"10.1126\/science.11546862","volume":"293","author":"A Hunt","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hunt, A. & Evan, G. Till death us do part. Science 293, 1784\u20131785 (2001).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)00008-8","volume":"102","author":"C Du","year":"2000","unstructured":"Du, C., Fang, M., Li, Y., Li, L. & Wang, X. Smac, a mitochondrial protein that promotes cytochrome c-dependent caspase activation by eliminating IAP inhibition. Cell 102, 33\u201342 (2000).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)00009-X","volume":"102","author":"AM Verhagen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Verhagen, A. M. et al. Identification of DIABLO, a mammalian protein that promotes apoptosis by binding to an antagonizing IAP protein. Cell 102, 43\u201353 (2000).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.17.1.331","volume":"17","author":"D Wallach","year":"1999","unstructured":"Wallach, D. et al. Tumor necrosis factor receptor and Fas signaling mechanisms. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 17, 331\u2013367 (1999).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80209-3","volume":"89","author":"WS Simonet","year":"1997","unstructured":"Simonet, W. S. et al. Osteoprotegerin: a novel secreted protein involved in the regulation of bone density. Cell 89, 309\u2013319 (1997).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14363","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.23.14363","volume":"273","author":"JG Emery","year":"1998","unstructured":"Emery, J. G. et al. Osteoprotegerin is a receptor for the cytotoxic ligand TRAIL. J. Biol. Chem. 273, 14363\u201314367 (1998).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1038\/25387","volume":"396","author":"R Pitti","year":"1998","unstructured":"Pitti, R. et al. Genomic amplification of a decoy receptor for Fas ligand in lung and colon cancer. Nature 396, 699\u2013703 (1998).Reports the first identification of DcR3 and shows its interaction with FASL and its overexpression in tumours.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13733","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.20.13733","volume":"274","author":"K Yu","year":"1999","unstructured":"Yu, K. et al. A newly identified member of tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TR6) suppresses LIGHT-mediated apoptosis. J. Biol. Chem. 274, 13733\u201313736 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(02)00283-2","volume":"16","author":"T-S Migone","year":"2002","unstructured":"Migone, T.-S. et al. TL1A is a TNF-like ligand for DR3 and TR6\/DcR3 and functions as a T cell costimulator. Immunity 16, 479\u2013492 (2002).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1097\/00002371-199112000-00006","volume":"10","author":"EM Hersh","year":"1991","unstructured":"Hersh, E. M. et al. Phase II studies of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 in patients with malignant disease: a summary of the Southwest Oncology Group experience. J. Immunother. 10, 426\u2013431 (1991).","journal-title":"J. Immunother."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1097\/00002371-200007000-00015","volume":"23","author":"AMM Eggermont","year":"2000","unstructured":"Eggermont, A. M. M. TNF registered in Europe: does TNF get a second chance? J. Immunother. 23, 505\u2013506 (2000).","journal-title":"J. Immunother."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1097\/00002371-200107000-00003","volume":"24","author":"HRJ Alexander","year":"2001","unstructured":"Alexander, H. R. J. The effects of limb perfusion with tumor necrosis factor on circulating levels of proinflammatory cytokines. J. Immunother. 24, 285\u2013286 (2001).","journal-title":"J. Immunother."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1101-1202","volume":"7","author":"B Wielockx","year":"2001","unstructured":"Wielockx, B. et al. Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases blocks lethal hepatitis and apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor and allows safe antitumor therapy. Nature Med. 7, 1202\u20131208 (2001).Provides a potential approach to mitigating the systemic toxicity of TNF and improving its therapeutic index.","journal-title":"Nature Med."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64986-3","volume":"156","author":"B Stoelcker","year":"2000","unstructured":"Stoelcker, B., Hehlgans, T., Bluethmann, H., Luther, T. & Mannel, D. N. Tumor necrosis factor induces tumor necrosis via tumor necrosis factor receptor type-1-expressing endothelial cells of the tumor vasculature. Am. J. Pathol. 156, 1171\u20131176 (2000).Shows that, in a mouse fibrosarcoma model, TNF exerts its tumour-necrotizing effect indirectly, by acting through TNFR1 on tumour endothelial cells.","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1126\/science.276.5309.111","volume":"276","author":"G Pan","year":"1997","unstructured":"Pan, G. et al. The receptor for the cytotoxic ligand TRAIL. Science 276, 111\u2013113 (1997).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1126\/science.277.5327.818","volume":"277","author":"JP Sheridan","year":"1997","unstructured":"Sheridan, J. P. et al. Control of TRAIL-induced apoptosis by a family of signaling and decoy receptors. Science 277, 818\u2013821 (1997).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1126\/science.277.5327.815","volume":"277","author":"G Pan","year":"1997","unstructured":"Pan, G. et al. An antagonist decoy receptor and a new death domain-containing receptor for TRAIL. Science 277, 815\u2013818 (1997).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5386","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/16.17.5386","volume":"16","author":"H Walczak","year":"1997","unstructured":"Walczak, H. et al. TRAIL-R2: a novel apoptosis-mediating receptor for TRAIL. EMBO J. 16, 5386\u20135397 (1997).","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(06)00422-2","volume":"7","author":"SA Marsters","year":"1997","unstructured":"Marsters, S. A. et al. A novel receptor for Apo2L\/TRAIL contains a truncated death domain. Curr. Biol. 7, 1003\u20131006 (1997).","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.186.7.1165","volume":"186","author":"M Degli-Esposti","year":"1997","unstructured":"Degli-Esposti, M. et al. Cloning and characterization of TRAIL-R3, a novel member of the emerging TRAIL receptor family. J. Exp. Med. 186, 1165\u20131170 (1997).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80399-4","volume":"7","author":"MA Degli-Esposti","year":"1997","unstructured":"Degli-Esposti, M. A. et al. The novel receptor TRAIL-R4 induces NF-\u03baB and protects against TRAIL-mediated apoptosis, yet retains an incomplete death domain. Immunity 7, 813\u2013820 (1997).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23319","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M910438199","volume":"275","author":"A Truneh","year":"2000","unstructured":"Truneh, A. et al. Temperature-sensitive differential affinity of TRAIL for its receptors. J. Biol. Chem. 275, 23319\u201323325 (2000).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.3.1356","volume":"168","author":"E Cretney","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cretney, E. et al. Increased susceptibility to tumor initiation and metastasis in TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-deficient mice. J. Immunol. 168, 1356\u20131361 (2002).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20011171","volume":"195","author":"K Takeda","year":"2002","unstructured":"Takeda, K. et al. Critical role for tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand in immune surveillance against tumor development. J. Exp. Med. 195, 161\u2013169 (2002).References 55 and 56 show that inhibition of APO2L\/TRAIL by gene knockout or neutralizing antibody increases the incidence and metastasis of mutagen-induced tumours in mice, indicating that this ligand is involved in immune surveillance against tumours.","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1006\/cyto.1999.0489","volume":"11","author":"AC Johnsen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Johnsen, A. C. et al. Regulation of APO2 ligand\/trail expression in NK cells \u2014 involvement in NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Cytokine 11, 664\u2013672 (1999).","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1906","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.4.1906","volume":"163","author":"N Kayagaki","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kayagaki, N. et al. Expression and function of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand on murine activated NK cells. J. Immunol. 163, 1906\u20131913 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.189.8.1343","volume":"189","author":"T Griffith","year":"1999","unstructured":"Griffith, T. et al. Monocyte-mediated tumoricidal activity via the tumor necrosis factor-related cytokine, TRAIL. J. Exp. Med. 189, 1343\u20131353 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2639","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.5.2639","volume":"162","author":"N Kayagaki","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kayagaki, N. et al. Involvement of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand in human CD4+ T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. J. Immunol. 162, 2639\u20132647 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-4141(199805)28:05<1492::AID-IMMU1492>3.0.CO;2-X","volume":"28","author":"S Mariani","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mariani, S. & Krammer, P. Surface expression of TRAIL\/Apo2 ligand in activated mouse T and B cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 28, 1492\u20131498 (1998).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-4141(199801)28:01<143::AID-IMMU143>3.0.CO;2-3","volume":"28","author":"I Jeramias","year":"1998","unstructured":"Jeramias, I., Herr, I., Boehler, T. & Debatin, K. M. TRAIL\/Apo-2-ligand-induced apoptosis in human T cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 28, 143\u2013152 (1998).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2195","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.5.2195","volume":"161","author":"WD Thomas","year":"1998","unstructured":"Thomas, W. D. & Hersey, P. TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) induces apoptosis in Fas ligand-resistant melanoma cells and mediates CD4 T cell killing of target cells. J. Immunol. 161, 2195\u20132200 (1998).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2714","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-4141(199809)28:09<2714::AID-IMMU2714>3.0.CO;2-9","volume":"28","author":"MJ Martinez-Lorenzo","year":"1998","unstructured":"Martinez-Lorenzo, M. J. et al. Involvement of Apo2 ligand\/TRAIL in activation-induced death of Jurkat and human peripheral blood T cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 28, 2714\u20132725 (1998).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.189.9.1451","volume":"189","author":"N Kayagaki","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kayagaki, N. et al. Type I interferons (IFNs) regulate tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) expression on human T cells: a novel mechanism for the antitumor effects of type I IFNs. J. Exp. Med. 189, 1451\u20131460 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2183","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V98.7.2183","volume":"98","author":"Q Chen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Chen, Q. et al. Induction of Apo2L and modulation of Bcl-2-related proteins regulate Type I interferon-induced apoptosis in multiple myeloma. Blood 98, 2183\u20132192 (2001).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1038\/89050","volume":"7","author":"L Altucci","year":"2001","unstructured":"Altucci, L. et al. Retinoic acid-induced apoptosis in leukemia cells is mediated by paracrine action of tumor-selective death ligand TRAIL. Nature Med. 7, 680\u2013686 (2001).","journal-title":"Nature Med."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2000.3872","volume":"278","author":"B Gong","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gong, B. & Almasan, A. Genomic organization and transcriptional regulation of human Apo2L\/TRAIL gene. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 278, 747\u2013752 (2000).","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8135","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.17.8135-8139.2000","volume":"74","author":"P Clarke","year":"2000","unstructured":"Clarke, P. et al. Reovirus-induced apoptosis is mediated by TRAIL. J. Virol. 74, 8135\u20138139 (2000).","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2474","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V98.8.2474","volume":"15","author":"P Secchiero","year":"2001","unstructured":"Secchiero, P. et al. Human herpesvirus 7 induces the functional upregulation of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) coupled to TRAIL-R1 down-modulation in CD4+ T cells. Blood 15, 2474\u20132481 (2001).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3138","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4141(200111)31:11<3138::AID-IMMU3138>3.0.CO;2-B","volume":"31","author":"K Sato","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sato, K. et al. Antiviral response by natural killer cells through TRAIL gene induction by IFN-\u03b1\/\u03b2. Eur. J. Immunol. 31, 3138\u20133146 (2001).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6736","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.12.6736","volume":"167","author":"I Monleon","year":"2001","unstructured":"Monleon, I. et al. Differential secretion of Fas ligand or APO2 ligand\/TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-carrying microvesicles during activation-induced death of human T cells. J. Immunol. 167, 6736\u20136744 (2001).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-4141(199803)28:03<973::AID-IMMU973>3.0.CO;2-T","volume":"28","author":"S Mariani","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mariani, S. & Krammer, P. Differential regulation of TRAIL and CD95 ligand in transformed cells of the T and B lymphocyte lineage. Eur. J. Immunol. 28, 973\u2013982 (1998).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(00)80207-5","volume":"4","author":"SG Hymowitz","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hymowitz, S. G. et al. Triggering cell death: the crystal structure of Apo2L\/TRAIL in a complex with death receptor 5. Molec. Cell 4, 563\u2013571 (1999).","journal-title":"Molec. Cell"},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20632","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M909721199","volume":"275","author":"J-L Bodmer","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bodmer, J.-L., Meier, P., Tschopp, J. & Schneider, P. Cysteine 230 is essential for the structure and activity of the cytotoxic ligand TRAIL. J. Biol. Chem. 275, 20632\u201320637 (2000).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI6926","volume":"104","author":"A Ashkenazi","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ashkenazi, A. et al. Safety and anti-tumor activity of recombinant soluble Apo2 ligand. J. Clin. Invest. 104, 155\u2013162 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1038\/5517","volume":"5","author":"H Walczak","year":"1999","unstructured":"Walczak, H. et al. Tumoricidal activity of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand in vivo. Nature Med. 5, 157\u2013163 (1999).References 76 and 77 provided the first evidence that soluble APO2L\/TRAIL proteins induce tumour-cell apoptosis in vivo . Reference 76 described the non-tagged, trimeric APO2L\/TRAIL variant and showed its efficacy as a single agent and its synergy with chemotherapy against tumour xenografts. Reference 77 described a modified leucine-zipper-fused variant and showed its single-agent activity.","journal-title":"Nature Med."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(98)00409-8","volume":"427","author":"J Rieger","year":"1998","unstructured":"Rieger, J., Naumann, U., Glaser, T., Ashkenazi, A. & Weller, M. Apo2 ligand: a novel lethal weapon against malignant glioma? FEBS Lett. 427, 124\u2013128 (1998).","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR79","first-page":"734","volume":"59","author":"MM Keane","year":"1999","unstructured":"Keane, M. M., Ettenberg, S. A., Nau, M. M., Russel, E. & Lipkowitz, S. Chemotherapy augments TRAIL-induced apoptosis in breast cell lines. Cancer Res. 59, 734\u2013741 (1999).","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR80","first-page":"2605","volume":"5","author":"Y Mizutani","year":"1999","unstructured":"Mizutani, Y., Yoshida, O., Miki, T. & Bonavida, B. Synergistic cytotoxicity and apoptosis by Apo-2 ligand and adriamycin against bladder cancer cells. Clin. Cancer Res. 5, 2605\u20132612 (1999).","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1817","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2401501","volume":"13","author":"Y Gazitt","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gazitt, Y. TRAIL is a potent inducer of apoptosis in myeloma cells derived from multiple myeloma patients and is not cytotoxic to hematopoietic stem cells. Leukemia 13, 1817\u20131824 (1999).","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR82","first-page":"2384","volume":"60","author":"R Yu","year":"2000","unstructured":"Yu, R., Mandlekar, S., Ruben, S., Ni, J. & Kong, A.-N. T. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-mediated apoptosis in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells. Cancer Res. 60, 2384\u20132389 (2000).","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR83","first-page":"2704","volume":"61","author":"N Mitsiades","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mitsiades, N., Poulaki, V., Mitsiades, C. & Tsokos, M. Ewing's sarcoma family tumors are sensitive to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand and express death receptor 4 and death receptor 5xs. Cancer Res. 61, 2704\u20132712 (2001).","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(99)80034-9","volume":"11","author":"A Ashkenazi","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ashkenazi, A. & Dixit, V. M. Apoptosis control by death and decoy receptors. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 11, 255\u2013260 (1999).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Cell Biol."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR85","first-page":"31","volume":"299","author":"SK Kelley","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kelley, S. K. et al. Preclinical studies to predict the disposition of Apo2L\/tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand in humans: characterization of in vivo efficacy pharmacokinetics, and safety. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 299, 31\u201338 (2001).","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V98.3.795","volume":"98","author":"CS Mitsiades","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mitsiades, C. S. et al. TRAIL\/Apo2L ligand selectively induces apoptosis and overcomes drug resistance in multiple myeloma: therapeutic applications. Blood 98, 795\u2013804 (2001).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1999","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1999.1693","volume":"265","author":"W Roth","year":"1999","unstructured":"Roth, W. et al. Locoregional Apo2L\/TRAIL eradicates intracranial human malignant glioma xenografts in a thymic mice in the absence of neurotoxicity. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 265, 1999 (1999).","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR88","first-page":"1362","volume":"7","author":"IF Pollack","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pollack, I. F., Erff, M. & Ashkenazi, A. Direct stimulation of apoptotic signaling by soluble Apo2L\/tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand leads to selective killing of glioma cells. Clin. Cancer Res. 7, 1362\u20131369 (2001).","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR89","first-page":"6153","volume":"59","author":"B Gliniak","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gliniak, B. & Le, T. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand's antitumor activity in vivo is enhanced by the chemotherapeutic agent CPT-11. Cancer Res. 59, 6153\u20136158 (1999).","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1754","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.030545097","volume":"97","author":"AM Chinnaiyan","year":"2000","unstructured":"Chinnaiyan, A. M. et al. Combined effect of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand and ionizing radiation in breast cancer therapy. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 97, 1754\u20131759 (2000).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4891","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.8.4891","volume":"166","author":"A Chuntharapai","year":"2001","unstructured":"Chuntharapai, A. et al. Isotype-dependent inhibition of tumor growth in vivo by monoclonal antibodies to death receptor 4. J. Immunol. 166, 4891\u20134898 (2001).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1038\/91000","volume":"7","author":"K Ichikawa","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ichikawa, K. et al. Tumoricidal activity of a novel anti-human DR5 monoclonal antibody without hepatocyte toxicity. Nature Med. 7, 954\u2013960 (2001).","journal-title":"Nature Med."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2787530","volume":"245","author":"BC Trauth","year":"1989","unstructured":"Trauth, B. C. et al. Monoclonal antibody-mediated tumor regression by induction of apoptosis. Science 245, 301\u2013304 (1989).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1038\/86397","volume":"7","author":"D Lawrence","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lawrence, D. et al. Differential hepatocyte toxicity of recombinant Apo2L\/TRAIL versions. Nature Med. 7, 383\u2013385 (2001).","journal-title":"Nature Med."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1038\/75045","volume":"6","author":"M Jo","year":"2000","unstructured":"Jo, M. et al. Apoptosis induced in normal human hepatocytes by tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand. Nature Med. 6, 564\u2013567 (2000).","journal-title":"Nature Med."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1038\/86401","volume":"7","author":"JZ Qin","year":"2001","unstructured":"Qin, J. Z., Chaturvedi, V., Bonish, B. & Nickoloff, B. J. Avoiding premature apoptosis of normal epidermal cells. Nature Med. 7, 385\u2013386 (2001).References 94\u201396 together show that non-tagged, zinc-containing APO2L\/TRAIL trimers have little toxicity towards cultured hepatocytes or keratinocytes, whereas tagged, non-optimized versions of the ligand induce apoptosis in these cell types.","journal-title":"Nature Med."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32208","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M000482200","volume":"275","author":"F Muhlenbeck","year":"2000","unstructured":"Muhlenbeck, F. et al. The tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptors TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 have distinct cross-linking requirements for initiation of apoptosis and are non-redundant in JNK activation. J. Biol. Chem. 275, 32208\u201332213 (2000).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1126\/science.281.5381.1317","volume":"281","author":"G Evan","year":"1998","unstructured":"Evan, G. & Littlewood, T. A matter of life and cell death. Science 281, 1317\u20131322 (1998).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.160.1.3","volume":"160","author":"J Mongkolsapaya","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mongkolsapaya, J. et al. Lymphocyte inhibitor of TRAIL: a new receptor protecting lymphocytes from the death ligand TRAIL. J. Immunol. 160, 3\u20136 (1998).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(00)02042-1","volume":"482","author":"XD Zhang","year":"2000","unstructured":"Zhang, X. D., Nguyen, T., Thomas, W. D., Sanders, J. E. & Hersey, P. Mechanisms of resistance of normal cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis vary between different cell types. FEBS Lett. 482, 193\u2013199 (2000).","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27322","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M011183200","volume":"276","author":"D Bernard","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bernard, D., Quatannes, B., Vundenbunder, B. & Abbadie, C. Rel\/NF-\u03baB transcription factors protect against tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis by up-regulating the TRAIL decoy receptor DcR1. J. Biol. Chem. 276, 27322\u201327328 (2001).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR102","first-page":"3330","volume":"61","author":"S Kagawa","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kagawa, S. et al. Antitumor activity and bystander effects of the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) gene. Cancer Res. 61, 3330\u20133338 (2001).","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.3.1230","volume":"97","author":"C Bai","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bai, C. et al. Overexpression of M68\/DcR3 in human gastrointestinal tract tumors independent of gene amplification and its location in a four-gene cluster. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 97, 1230\u20131235 (2000).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3835(00)00567-X","volume":"160","author":"K Oshima","year":"2000","unstructured":"Oshima, K. et al. Amplification and expression of a decoy receptor for Fas ligand (DcR3) in virus (EBV or HTLV-1) associated lymphomas. Cancer Lett. 160, 89\u201397 (2000).","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR105","first-page":"2759","volume":"61","author":"W Roth","year":"2001","unstructured":"Roth, W. et al. Soluble decoy receptor 3 is expressed by malignant gliomas and suppresses CD95 ligand-induced apoptosis and chemotaxis. Cancer Res. 61, 2759\u20132765 (2001).References 103\u2013105 confirm and extend the observation that DcR3 is overexpressed in various tumours and that it acts as a decoy for FASL.","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81874-7","volume":"88","author":"S Nagata","year":"1997","unstructured":"Nagata, S. Apoptosis by death factor. Cell 88, 355\u2013365 (1997).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.190.7.891","volume":"190","author":"LE French","year":"1999","unstructured":"French, L. E. & Tschopp, J. Inhibition of death receptor signaling by FLICE-inhibitory protein as a mechanism for immune escape of tumors. J. Exp. Med. 190, 891\u2013893 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR108","first-page":"9","volume":"81","author":"G Berke","year":"1995","unstructured":"Berke, G. The CTL's kiss of death. Cell Death Differ. 81, 9\u201312 (1995).","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.190.7.1033","volume":"190","author":"J Medema","year":"1999","unstructured":"Medema, J., de Jong, J., van Hall, T., Melief, C. & Offringa, R. Immune escape of tumors in vivo by expression of cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein. J. Exp. Med. 190, 1033\u20131038 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.190.7.1025","volume":"190","author":"M Djerbi","year":"1999","unstructured":"Djerbi, M. et al. The inhibitor of death receptor signaling, FLICE-inhibitory protein defines a new class of tumor progression factors. J. Exp. Med. 190, 1025\u20131031 (1999).References 109 and 110 show that ectopic expression of FLIP, an intracellular inhibitor of death-receptor signalling, enables tumour cells to escape immune surveillance in mouse models. This is summarized in reference 107.","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2231","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.178.6.2231","volume":"178","author":"MR Alderson","year":"1993","unstructured":"Alderson, M. R. et al. Fas transduces activation signals in normal human T lymphocytes. J. Exp. Med. 178, 2231\u20132235 (1993).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1038\/73136","volume":"6","author":"K Tamada","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tamada, K. et al. Modulation of T-cell-mediated immunity in tumor and graft-versus-host disease models through the LIGHT co-stimulatory pathway. Nature Med. 6, 283\u2013289 (2000).","journal-title":"Nature Med."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14307","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.275.19.14307","volume":"275","author":"IA Roonie","year":"2000","unstructured":"Roonie, I. A. et al. The lymphotoxin-\u03b2 receptor is necessary and sufficient for LIGHT-mediated apoptosis of tumor cells. J. Biol. Chem. 275, 14307\u201314315 (2000).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81590-1","volume":"94","author":"H Li","year":"1998","unstructured":"Li, H., Zhu, H., Xu, C.-J. & Yuan, J. Cleavage of BID by caspase 8 mediates the mitochondrial damage in the Fas pathway to apoptosis. Cell 94, 491\u2013501 (1998).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81589-5","volume":"94","author":"X Luo","year":"1998","unstructured":"Luo, X., Budihardjo, I., Zou, H., Slaughter, C. & Wang, X. Bid, a Bcl2-interacting protein, mediates cytochrome c release from mitochondria in response to activation of cell surface death receptors. Cell 94, 481\u2013490 (1998).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.2.1156","volume":"274","author":"A Gross","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gross, A. et al. Caspase cleaved Bid targets mitochondria and is required for cytochrome c release, while Bcl-xL prevents this release but not tumor necrosis factor-R1\/Fas death. J. Biol. Chem. 274, 1156\u20131163 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1038\/23730","volume":"400","author":"X-M Yin","year":"1999","unstructured":"Yin, X.-M. et al. Bid-deficient mice are resistant to Fas-induced hepatocellular apoptosis. Nature 400, 886\u2013891 (1999).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.20.3.929-935.2000","volume":"20","author":"R Eskes","year":"2000","unstructured":"Eskes, R., Desagher, S., Antonsson, B. & Martinou, J. Bid induces the oligomerization and insertion of Bax into the outer mitochondrial membrane. Mol. Cell. Biol. 20, 929\u2013935 (2000).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2060","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.14.16.2060","volume":"14","author":"M Wei","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wei, M. et al. tBID, a membrane targeted death ligand, oligomerizes Bak to release cytochrome c. Genes Dev. 14, 2060\u20132071 (2000).","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4400943","volume":"8","author":"WS El-Deiry","year":"2001","unstructured":"El-Deiry, W. S. Insights into cancer therapeutic design based on p53 and TRAIL receptor signaling. Cell Death Differ. 8, 1066\u20131075 (2001).","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22532","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.32.22532","volume":"274","author":"C Scaffidi","year":"1999","unstructured":"Scaffidi, C. et al. Differential modulation of apoptosis sensitivity in CD95 type I and type II cells. J. Biol. Chem. 274, 22532\u201322538 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(00)00136-2","volume":"6","author":"T Lindsten","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lindsten, T. et al. The combined functions of proapoptotic Bcl-2 family members Bak and Bax are essential for normal development of multiple tissues. Mol. Cell 6, 1389\u20131399 (2000).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1059108","volume":"292","author":"MC Wei","year":"2001","unstructured":"Wei, M. C. et al. Proapoptotic BAX and BAK: a requisite gateway to mitochondrial dysfunction and death. Science 292, 727\u2013730 (2001).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1126\/science.290.5493.989","volume":"290","author":"L Zhang","year":"2000","unstructured":"Zhang, L., Yu, J., Park, B., Kinzler, K. & Vogelstein, B. Role of BAX in the apoptotic response to anticancer agents. Science 290, 989\u2013992 (2000).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0302-274","volume":"8","author":"H LeBlanc","year":"2002","unstructured":"LeBlanc, H. et al. Tumor cell resistance to death receptor induced apoptosis through mutational inactivation of the proapoptotic Bcl2 homolog Bax. Nature Med. 8, 274\u2013281 (2002).Shows that in DNA mismatch-repair-deficient tumour cells, Bax mutation can cause resistance to death-receptor ligands, including APO2L\/TRAIL. It also shows that BAX-dependent resistance to this ligand can be circumvented by pre-exposure of the cells to chemotherapy, which upregulates DR5 and especially Bak expression.","journal-title":"Nature Med."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.949602","volume":"16","author":"Y Deng","year":"2002","unstructured":"Deng, Y., Lin, Y. & Wu, X. TRAIL-induced apoptosis requires Bax-dependent mitochondrial release of Smac\/Diablo. Genes Dev. 16, 33\u201345 (2002).","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1126\/science.275.5302.967","volume":"275","author":"N Rampino","year":"1997","unstructured":"Rampino, N. et al. Somatic frameshift mutations in the BAX gene in colon cancers of the microsatellite mutator phenotype. Science 275, 967\u2013969 (1997).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90132-A","volume":"73","author":"DW Banner","year":"1993","unstructured":"Banner, D. W. et al. Crystal structure of the soluble human 55 kD TNF receptor\u2013human TNF\u03b2 complex: implications for TNF receptor activation. Cell 73 431\u2013445 (1993).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5579","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1995.tb00245.x","volume":"14","author":"FC Kischkel","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kischkel, F. C. et al. Cytotoxicity-dependent APO-1 (Fas\/CD95)-associated proteins form a death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) with the receptor. EMBO J. 14, 5579\u20135588 (1995).","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80212-5","volume":"12","author":"FC Kischkel","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kischkel, F. C. et al. Apo2L\/TRAIL-dependent recruitment of endogenous FADD and caspase-8 to death receptors 4 and 5. Immunity 12, 611\u2013620 (2000).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80211-3","volume":"12","author":"MR Sprick","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sprick, M. R. et al. FADD\/MORT1 and caspase-8 are recruited to TRAIL receptors 1 and 2 and are essential for apoptosis mediated by TRAIL receptor 2. Immunity 12, 599\u2013609 (2000).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1038\/35008667","volume":"2","author":"JL Bodmer","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bodmer, J. L. et al. TRAIL receptor-2 signals apoptosis through FADD and caspase-8. Nature Cell Biol. 2, 241\u2013243 (2000).","journal-title":"Nature Cell Biol."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46639","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M105102200","volume":"276","author":"FC Kischkel","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kischkel, F. C. et al. Death receptor recruitment of endogenous caspase-10 and apoptosis initiation in the absence of caspase-8. J. Biol. Chem. 276, 46639\u201346646 (2001).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13884","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.241358198","volume":"98","author":"J Wang","year":"2001","unstructured":"Wang, J., Chun, H. J., Wong, W., Spencer, D. M. & Lenardo, M. J. Caspase-10 is an initiator caspase in death receptor signaling. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 98, 13884\u201313888 (2001).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80984-8","volume":"84","author":"H Hsu","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hsu, H., Shu, H. B., Pan, M. G. & Goeddel, D. V. TRADD\u2013TRAF2 and TRADD\u2013FADD interactions define two distinct TNF receptor 1 signal transduction pathways. Cell 84, 299\u2013308 (1996).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80252-6","volume":"4","author":"H Hsu","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hsu, H., Huang, J., Shu, H., Baichwal, V. & Goeddel, D. TNF-dependent recruitment of the protein kinase RIP to the TNF receptor-1 signaling complex. Immunity 4, 387\u2013396 (1996).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1126\/science.274.5289.990","volume":"274","author":"AM Chinnaiyan","year":"1996","unstructured":"Chinnaiyan, A. M. et al. Signal transduction by DR3, a death domain-containing receptor related to TNFR-1 and CD95. Science 274, 990\u2013992 (1996).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(02)70791-4","volume":"6","author":"S Marsters","year":"1996","unstructured":"Marsters, S. et al. Apo3, a new member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family, contains a death domain and activates apoptosis and NF-\u03baB. Curr. Biol. 6, 1669\u20131676 (1996).","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1038\/384372a0","volume":"384","author":"J Kitson","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kitson, J. et al. A death-domain-containing receptor that mediates apoptosis. Nature 384, 372\u2013375 (1996).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(98)00791-1","volume":"431","author":"G Pan","year":"1998","unstructured":"Pan, G. et al. Identification and functional characterization of DR6, a novel death domain-containing TNF receptor. FEBS Lett. 431, 351\u2013356 (1998).","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"BFnrc821_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.194.10.1441","volume":"194","author":"H Zhao","year":"2001","unstructured":"Zhao, H. et al. Impaired c\u2013Jun amino terminal kinase activity and T cell differentiation in death receptor 6\u2013deficient mice.. J. Exp. Med. 194, 1441\u20131448 (2001).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."}],"container-title":["Nature Reviews Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrc821.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrc821","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrc821.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]],"date-time":"2023-04-24T17:27:38Z","timestamp":1682357258000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrc821"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,6,1]]},"references-count":141,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,6,1]]}},"alternative-id":["BFnrc821"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrc821","relation":{},"ISSN":["1474-175X","1474-1768"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1474-175X","type":"print"},{"value":"1474-1768","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,6,1]]}}}