{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T17:20:05Z","timestamp":1775582405765,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":218,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,1]],"date-time":"2012-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1343779200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,1]],"date-time":"2012-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1343779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Rev Drug Discov"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/nrd3800","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,1]],"date-time":"2012-08-01T05:14:06Z","timestamp":1343798046000},"page":"633-652","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1552,"title":["Treating inflammation by blocking interleukin-1 in a broad spectrum of diseases"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Charles A.","family":"Dinarello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jos W. M.","family":"van der Meer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V87.6.2095.bloodjournal8762095","volume":"87","author":"CA Dinarello","year":"1996","unstructured":"Dinarello, C. A. Biological basis for interleukin-1 in disease. Blood 87, 2095\u20132147 (1996).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.02.043","volume":"140","author":"CA Dinarello","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dinarello, C. A. Anti-inflammatory agents: present and future. Cell 140, 935\u2013950 (2010).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1002\/art.30238","volume":"63","author":"J Vojinovic","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vojinovic, J. et al. Safety and efficacy of an oral histone deacetylase inhibitor in systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 63, 1452\u20131458 (2011).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-011-0165-y","volume":"13","author":"R Goldbach-Mansky","year":"2011","unstructured":"Goldbach-Mansky, R. Current status of understanding the pathogenesis and management of patients with NOMID\/CINCA. Curr. Rheumatol. Rep. 13, 123\u2013131 (2011).","journal-title":"Curr. Rheumatol. Rep."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa065213","volume":"356","author":"CM Larsen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Larsen, C. M. et al. Interleukin-1-receptor antagonist in type 2 diabetes mellitus. N. Engl. J. Med. 356, 1517\u20131526 (2007). This study opens the door to the concept that type 2 diabetes is an inflammatory disease that is primarily mediated by IL-1\u03b2.","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2009.12.059","volume":"105","author":"A Abbate","year":"2010","unstructured":"Abbate, A. et al. Interleukin-1 blockade with anakinra to prevent adverse cardiac remodeling after acute myocardial infarction. Am. J. Cardiol. 105, 1371\u20131377 (2010).","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e33438","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033438","volume":"7","author":"BW Van Tassell","year":"2012","unstructured":"Van Tassell, B. W. et al. Enhanced interleukin-1 activity contributes to exercise intolerance in patients with systolic heart failure. PLoS ONE 7, e33438 (2012).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa055137","volume":"355","author":"R Goldbach-Mansky","year":"2006","unstructured":"Goldbach-Mansky, R. et al. Neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease responsive to interleukin-1\u03b2 inhibition. N. Engl. J. Med. 355, 581\u2013592 (2006). The study demonstrates the remarkable efficacy of blocking a single cytokine (IL-1) in reversing the systemic and local severity of NOMID.","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1239527","volume":"222","author":"AK Klein","year":"2011","unstructured":"Klein, A. K. & Horneff, G. Improvement of sensoneurinal hearing loss in a patient with Muckle\u2013Wells syndrome treated with anakinra. Klin. Padiatr. 222, 266\u2013268 (2011).","journal-title":"Klin. Padiatr."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2005.038091","volume":"65","author":"M Rynne","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rynne, M., Maclean, C., Bybee, A., McDermott, M. F. & Emery, P. Hearing improvement in a patient with variant Muckle\u2013Wells syndrome in response to interleukin 1 receptor antagonism. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 65, 533\u2013534 (2006).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"issue":"7","key":"BFnrd3800_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2375","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34409","volume":"64","author":"Cailin H. Sibley","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sibley, C. H. et al. Sustained response and prevention of damage progression in patients with neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease (NOMID) treated with anakinra. Arthritis Rheum. 26 Jun 2012 (doi:10.1002\/art.34409).","journal-title":"Arthritis & Rheumatism"},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2011.06.012","volume":"162","author":"PM Ridker","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ridker, P. M., Thuren, T., Zalewski, A. & Libby, P. Interleukin-1\u03b2 inhibition and the prevention of recurrent cardiovascular events: rationale and design of the canakinumab anti-inflammatory thrombosis outcomes study (CANTOS). Am. Heart J. 162, 597\u2013605 (2011).","journal-title":"Am. Heart J."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20684","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1116848108","volume":"108","author":"Y Berda-Haddad","year":"2011","unstructured":"Berda-Haddad, Y. et al. Sterile inflammation of endothelial cell-derived apoptotic bodies is mediated by interleukin-1\u03b1. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 108, 20684\u201320689 (2011).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2009.229","volume":"6","author":"C Beyer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Beyer, C. & Pisetsky, D. S. The role of microparticles in the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases. Nature Rev. Rheumatol. 6, 21\u201329 (2011).","journal-title":"Nature Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4242","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V84.12.4242.bloodjournal84124242","volume":"84","author":"G Kaplanski","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kaplanski, G. et al. Interleukin-1 induces interleukin-8 from endothelial cells by a juxacrine mechanism. Blood 84, 4242\u20134248 (1994).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.82.4.1204","volume":"82","author":"EA Kurt-Jones","year":"1985","unstructured":"Kurt-Jones, E. A., Beller, D. I., Mizel, S. B. & Unanue, E. R. Identification of a membrane-associated interleukin-1 in macrophages. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 82, 1204\u20131208 (1985).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1603","volume":"13","author":"CJ Chen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chen, C. J. et al. Identification of a key pathway required for the sterile inflammatory response triggered by dying cells. Nature Med. 13, 851\u2013856 (2007).","journal-title":"Nature Med."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4835","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1102048","volume":"187","author":"P Rider","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rider, P. et al. IL-1\u03b1 and IL-1\u03b2 recruit different myeloid cells and promote different stages of sterile inflammation. J. Immunol. 187, 4835\u20134843 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2574","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0915018107","volume":"107","author":"I Cohen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cohen, I. et al. Differential release of chromatin-bound IL-1\u03b1 discriminates between necrotic and apoptotic cell death by the ability to induce sterile inflammation. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 107, 2574\u20132579 (2010).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2012","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V80.8.2012.2012","volume":"80","author":"F Colotta","year":"1992","unstructured":"Colotta, F., Re, F., Polentarutti, N., Sozzani, S. & Mantovani, A. Modulation of granulocyte survival and programmed cell death by cytokines and bacterial products. Blood 80, 2012\u20132020 (1992).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1902","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.139.6.1902","volume":"139","author":"CA Dinarello","year":"1987","unstructured":"Dinarello, C. A. et al. Interleukin 1 induces interleukin 1. I. Induction of circulating interleukin 1 in rabbits in vivo and in human mononuclear cells in vitro. J. Immunol. 139, 1902\u20131910 (1987).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(04)00046-9","volume":"20","author":"L Agostini","year":"2004","unstructured":"Agostini, L. et al. NALP3 forms an IL-1\u03b2 processing inflammasome with increased activity in Muckle\u2013Wells auto-inflammatory disorder. Immunity 20, 319\u2013325 (2004). Using blood monocytes from patients with Muckle\u2013Wells syndrome, the authors demonstrate the existence of several intracellular proteins that assemble in order to activate caspase 1.","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.021908.132715","volume":"27","author":"F Martinon","year":"2009","unstructured":"Martinon, F., Mayor, A. & Tschopp, J. The inflammasomes: guardians of the body. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 27, 229\u2013265 (2009).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20082481","volume":"206","author":"HJ Lachmann","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lachmann, H. J. et al. In vivo regulation of interleukin 1\u03b2 in patients with cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes. J. Exp. Med. 206, 1029\u20131036 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2438","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0809568","volume":"360","author":"S Reddy","year":"2009","unstructured":"Reddy, S. et al. An autoinflammatory disease due to homozygous deletion of the IL1RN locus. N. Engl. J. Med. 360, 2438\u20132444 (2009).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2426","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0807865","volume":"360","author":"I Aksentijevich","year":"2009","unstructured":"Aksentijevich, I. et al. An autoinflammatory disease with deficiency of the interleukin-1-receptor antagonist. N. Engl. J. Med. 360, 2426\u20132437 (2009). This study shows that mice deficient in the natural IL-1Ra develop spontaneous inflammatory diseases. Upon birth, humans without functional endogenous IL-1Ra also develop spontaneous and fatal systemic and local disease because of unopposed naturally produced IL-1.","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR27","first-page":"1663","volume":"32","author":"CM Larsen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Larsen, C. M. et al. Sustained effects of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist treatment in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 32, 1663\u20131668 (2009).","journal-title":"Care"},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.03.002","volume":"140","author":"DL Kastner","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kastner, D. L., Aksentijevich, I. & Goldbach-Mansky, R. Autoinflammatory disease reloaded: a clinical perspective. Cell 140, 784\u2013790 (2010).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.25.022106.141627","volume":"27","author":"SL Masters","year":"2009","unstructured":"Masters, S. L., Simon, A., Aksentijevich, I. & Kastner, D. L. Horror autoinflammaticus: the molecular pathophysiology of autoinflammatory disease. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 27, 621\u2013668 (2009).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.157.1.400","volume":"157","author":"JP Drenth","year":"1996","unstructured":"Drenth, J. P., van der Meer, J. W. & Kushner, I. Unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with the hyper-IgD syndrome produce cytokines capable of potent induction of C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A in Hep3B cells. J. Immunol. 157, 400\u2013404 (1996).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23437","volume":"58","author":"M Gattorno","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gattorno, M. et al. The pattern of response to anti-interleukin-1 treatment distinguishes two subsets of patients with systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 58, 1505\u20131515 (2008).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3138","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22842","volume":"56","author":"M Gattorno","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gattorno, M. et al. Pattern of interleukin-1\u03b2 secretion in response to lipopolysaccharide and ATP before and after interleukin-1 blockade in patients with CIAS1 mutations. Arthritis Rheum. 56, 3138\u20133148 (2007).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20050473","volume":"201","author":"V Pascual","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pascual, V., Allantaz, F., Arce, E., Punaro, M. & Banchereau, J. Role of interleukin-1 (IL-1) in the pathogenesis of systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis and clinical response to IL-1 blockade. J. Exp. Med. 201, 1479\u20131486 (2005). In this study, the authors show the efficacy of IL-1 receptor blockade in children with SJIA and, in doing so, lift the burden of a disease that was previously formally treated with high doses of glucocorticoids, which retard normal growth.","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq074","volume":"49","author":"M Colina","year":"2010","unstructured":"Colina, M. et al. Dysregulation of P2X7 receptor-inflammasome axis in SAPHO syndrome: successful treatment with anakinra. Rheumatology 49, 1416\u20131418 (2010).","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V98.3.851","volume":"98","author":"E Mansfield","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mansfield, E. et al. The familial Mediterranean fever protein, pyrin, associates with microtubules and colocalizes with actin filaments. Blood 98, 851\u2013859 (2001).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2009.07733.x","volume":"146","author":"JJ Chae","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chae, J. J., Aksentijevich, I. & Kastner, D. L. Advances in the understanding of familial Mediterranean fever and possibilities for targeted therapy. Br. J. Haematol. 146, 467\u2013478 (2009).","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1038\/ng756","volume":"29","author":"HM Hoffman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hoffman, H. M., Mueller, J. L., Broide, D. H., Wanderer, A. A. & Kolodner, R. D. Mutation of a new gene encoding a putative pyrin-like protein causes familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome and Muckle\u2013Wells syndrome. Nature Genet. 29, 301\u2013305 (2001). This study reports the finding that a systemic and local inflammatory syndrome is due to a single-amino-acid mutation in an unknown gene (now known as NLRP3 ), and this paper was the starting point for subsequent studies, both basic and clinical, on the inflammasome.","journal-title":"Nature Genet."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80721-7","volume":"97","author":"MF McDermott","year":"1999","unstructured":"McDermott, M. F. et al. Germline mutations in the extracellular domains of the 55 kDa TNF receptor, TNFR1, define a family of dominantly inherited autoinflammatory syndromes. Cell 97, 133\u2013144 (1999).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9801","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0914118107","volume":"107","author":"A Simon","year":"2010","unstructured":"Simon, A. et al. Concerted action of wild-type and mutant TNF receptors enhances inflammation in TNF receptor 1-associated periodic fever syndrome. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 107, 9801\u20139806 (2010).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20102049","volume":"208","author":"AC Bulua","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bulua, A. C. et al. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species promote production of proinflammatory cytokines and are elevated in TNFR1-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS). J. Exp. Med. 208, 519\u2013533 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0b013e328349c3b1","volume":"23","author":"M Stoffels","year":"2011","unstructured":"Stoffels, M. & Simon, A. Hyper-IgD syndrome or mevalonate kinase deficiency. Curr. Opin. Rheumatol. 23, 419\u2013423 (2011).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2005.11.074","volume":"357","author":"S Gosavi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gosavi, S., Chavez, L. L., Jennings, P. A. & Onuchic, J. N. Topological frustration and the folding of interleukin-1\u03b2. J. Mol. Biol. 357, 986\u2013996 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2670","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.740233","volume":"117","author":"A Abbate","year":"2008","unstructured":"Abbate, A. et al. Anakinra, a recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, inhibits apoptosis in experimental acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 117, 2670\u20132683 (2008).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR44","first-page":"343","volume":"13","author":"E Abraham","year":"1994","unstructured":"Abraham, E. & Allbee, J. Effects of therapy with interleukin-1 receptor antagonist on pulmonary cytokine expression following hemorrhage and resuscitation. Lymphokine Cytokine Res. 13, 343\u2013347 (1994).","journal-title":"Lymphokine Cytokine Res."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR45","first-page":"59","volume":"8","author":"CM Calkins","year":"2002","unstructured":"Calkins, C. M. et al. IL-1 regulates in vivo C-X-C chemokine induction and neutrophil sequestration following endotoxemia. J. Endotoxin Res. 8, 59\u201367 (2002).","journal-title":"J. Endotoxin Res."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-2277.2008.00651.x","volume":"21","author":"K Rusai","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rusai, K. et al. Administration of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist ameliorates renal ischemia\u2013reperfusion injury. Transpl. Int. 21, 572\u2013580 (2008).","journal-title":"Transpl. Int."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5528","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-15-05528.2001","volume":"21","author":"H Boutin","year":"2001","unstructured":"Boutin, H. et al. Role of IL-1\u03b1 and IL-1\u03b2 in ischemic brain damage. J. Neurosci. 21, 5528\u20135534 (2001).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfq017","volume":"12","author":"A Abbate","year":"2010","unstructured":"Abbate, A. et al. Interleukin-1\u03b2 modulation using a genetically engineered antibody prevents adverse cardiac remodelling following acute myocardial infarction in the mouse. Eur. J. Heart Fail. 12, 319\u2013322 (2010).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Heart Fail."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2009.271","volume":"6","author":"T Mandrup-Poulsen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mandrup-Poulsen, T., Pickersgill, L. & Donath, M. Y. Blockade of interleukin 1 in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Nature Rev. Endocrinol. 6, 158\u2013166 (2010).","journal-title":"Nature Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200215318","volume":"110","author":"K Maedler","year":"2002","unstructured":"Maedler, K. et al. Glucose-induced \u03b2 cell production of IL-1\u03b2 contributes to glucotoxicity in human pancreatic islets. J. Clin. Invest. 110, 851\u2013860 (2002).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2925","volume":"11","author":"MY Donath","year":"2011","unstructured":"Donath, M. Y. & Shoelson, S. E. Type 2 diabetes as an inflammatory disease. Nature Rev. Immunol. 11, 98\u2013107 (2011).","journal-title":"Nature Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1935","volume":"11","author":"SL Masters","year":"2010","unstructured":"Masters, S. L. et al. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by islet amyloid polypeptide provides a mechanism for enhanced IL-1\u03b2 in type 2 diabetes. Nature Immunol. 11, 897\u2013904 (2010).","journal-title":"Nature Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2010.11.011","volume":"12","author":"R Stienstra","year":"2011","unstructured":"Stienstra, R. et al. The inflammasome-mediated caspase-1 activation controls adipocyte differentiation and insulin sensitivity. Cell Metab. 12, 593\u2013605 (2011). This study shows that the inflammatory process in human visceral adipocytes is mediated by caspase 1 and IL-1\u03b2.","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2279","volume":"17","author":"B Vandanmagsar","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vandanmagsar, B. et al. The NLRP3 inflammasome instigates obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance. Nature Med. 17, 179\u2013188 (2011).","journal-title":"Nature Med."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2119","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-2992","volume":"96","author":"EJ van Asseldonk","year":"2011","unstructured":"van Asseldonk, E. J. et al. Treatment with anakinra improves disposition index but not insulin sensitivity in nondiabetic subjects with the metabolic syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 96, 2119\u20132126 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3237","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27667","volume":"62","author":"LA Joosten","year":"2010","unstructured":"Joosten, L. A. et al. Engagement of fatty acids with Toll-like receptor 2 drives interleukin-1\u03b2 production via the ASC\/caspase 1 pathway in monosodium urate monohydrate crystal-induced gouty arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 62, 3237\u20133248 (2010).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63357-3","volume":"165","author":"LA Joosten","year":"2004","unstructured":"Joosten, L. A. et al. Interleukin-18 promotes joint inflammation and induces interleukin-1-driven cartilage destruction. Am. J. Pathol. 165, 959\u2013967 (2004).","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2010.196","volume":"7","author":"M Kapoor","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kapoor, M., Martel-Pelletier, J., Lajeunesse, D., Pelletier, J. P. & Fahmi, H. Role of proinflammatory cytokines in the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis. Nature Rev. Rheumatol. 7, 33\u201342 (2009).","journal-title":"Nature Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/40.1.62","volume":"40","author":"G Cunnane","year":"2001","unstructured":"Cunnane, G., Madigan, A., Murphy, E., FitzGerald, O. & Bresnihan, B. The effects of treatment with interleukin-1 receptor antagonist on the inflamed synovial membrane in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology 40, 62\u201369 (2001).","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR60","first-page":"1103","volume":"31","author":"B Bresnihan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bresnihan, B., Newmark, R., Robbins, S. & Genant, H. K. Effects of anakinra monotherapy on joint damage in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Extension of a 24-week randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J. Rheumatol. 31, 1103\u20131111 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2562","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.135.4.2562","volume":"135","author":"FE Dewhirst","year":"1985","unstructured":"Dewhirst, F. E., Stashenko, P. P., Mole, J. E. & Tsurumachi, T. Purification and partial sequence of human osteoclast-activating factor: identity with interleukin 1 \u03b2. J. Immunol. 135, 2562\u20132568 (1985).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7148","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1103681108","volume":"108","author":"S Stojanov","year":"2011","unstructured":"Stojanov, S. et al. Periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and adenitis (PFAPA) is a disorder of innate immunity and Th1 activation responsive to IL-1 blockade. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 108, 7148\u20137153 (2011).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2005.045245","volume":"65","author":"HD De Koning","year":"2005","unstructured":"De Koning, H. D. et al. Beneficial reponse to anakinra and thalidomide in Schnitzler's syndrome. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 65, 542\u2013544 (2005).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2226","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21101","volume":"52","author":"VM Martinez-Taboada","year":"2005","unstructured":"Martinez-Taboada, V. M. et al. Successful treatment of refractory Schnitzler syndrome with anakinra: comment on the article by Hawkins et al. Arthritis Rheum. 52, 2226\u20132227 (2005).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kem244","volume":"46","author":"HD de Koning","year":"2007","unstructured":"de Koning, H. D., van der Meer, J. W. & Simon, A. Comment on: Schnitzlers syndrome \u2014 exacerbation after anti-TNF treatment. Rheumatology 46, 1741 (2007).","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.09.021","volume":"121","author":"JG Ryan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ryan, J. G. et al. IL-1 blockade in Schnitzler syndrome: ex vivo findings correlate with clinical remission. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 121, 260\u2013262 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR67","first-page":"271","volume":"24","author":"P Szturz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Szturz, P. et al. Schnitzler syndrome: diagnostics and treatment. Klin. Onkol. 24, 271\u2013277 (2011).","journal-title":"Klin. Onkol."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.05.023","volume":"128","author":"HD de Koning","year":"2011","unstructured":"de Koning, H. D., Schalkwijk, J., van der Meer, J. W. & Simon, A. Successful canakinumab treatment identifies IL-1\u03b2 as a pivotal mediator in Schnitzler syndrome. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 128, 1352\u20131354 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2011-155143","volume":"71","author":"A Gul","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gul, A. et al. Interleukin-1\u03b2-regulating antibody XOMA 052 (gevokizumab) in the treatment of acute exacerbations of resistant uveitis of Behcet's disease: an open-label pilot study. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 71, 563\u2013566 (2011).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jccase.2011.07.003","volume":"4","author":"IC Scott","year":"2011","unstructured":"Scott, I. C., Vijay Hajela, V., Hawkins, P. N. & Lachmann, H. J. A case series and systematic literature review of anakinra and immunosuppression in idiopathic recurrent pericarditis. J. Cardiology Cases 4, e93\u2013e97 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Cardiology Cases"},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3483","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-05-1980","volume":"106","author":"K Mazodier","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mazodier, K. et al. Severe imbalance of IL-18\/IL-18BP in patients with secondary hemophagocytic syndrome. Blood 106, 3483\u20133489 (2005).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2892","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23734","volume":"58","author":"K Zhang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zhang, K. et al. Macrophage activation syndrome in patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis is associated with MUNC13-4 polymorphisms. Arthritis Rheum. 58, 2892\u20132896 (2008).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8019.2010.01339.x","volume":"23","author":"IK Aronson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Aronson, I. K. & Worobec, S. M. Cytophagic histiocytic panniculitis and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: an overview. Dermatol. Ther. 23, 389\u2013402 (2010).","journal-title":"Dermatol. Ther."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0b013e318205092d","volume":"17","author":"N Bruck","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bruck, N. et al. Rapid and sustained remission of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated macrophage activation syndrome through treatment with anakinra and corticosteroids. J. Clin. Rheumatol. 17, 23\u201327 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR75","first-page":"2081","volume":"33","author":"EM Behrens","year":"2006","unstructured":"Behrens, E. M., Kreiger, P. A., Cherian, S. & Cron, R. Q. Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist to treat cytophagic histiocytic panniculitis with secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. J. Rheumatol. 33, 2081\u20132084 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.091046","volume":"37","author":"M Durand","year":"2011","unstructured":"Durand, M., Troyanov, Y., Laflamme, P. & Gregoire, G. Macrophage activation syndrome treated with anakinra. J. Rheumatol. 37, 879\u2013880 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR77","volume-title":"10th Annual Meeting of the Federation of Clinical Immunology Societies","author":"R Dana","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dana, R. et al. Randomized Phase II trial of safety and efficacy of topical interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) for treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD)-associated ocular surface disease. 10th Annual Meeting of the Federation of Clinical Immunology Societies Abstract 107 (Vancouver, Canada; 2012)."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R125","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3430","volume":"13","author":"SB Cohen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cohen, S. B. et al. A randomized, double-blind study of AMG 108 (a fully human monoclonal antibody to IL 1R1) in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. Arthritis Res. Ther. 13, R125 (2011).","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"issue":"8","key":"BFnrd3800_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1654","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-2219","volume":"35","author":"C. Cavelti-Weder","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cavelti-Weder, L. et al. Effects of gevokizumab on glycemia and inflammatory markers in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 14 Jun 2012 (doi:10.2337\/dc11-2219). In this study of patients with type 2 diabetes, CRP levels decreased even in patients on optimal statin therapy, which suggests that blocking IL-1 provides additional benefit in reducing the risk of cardiovascular events. In addition, insulin production increased, suggesting that blocking IL-1 restores \u03b2-cell function.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2416","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0810787","volume":"360","author":"HJ Lachmann","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lachmann, H. J. et al. Use of canakinumab in the cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome. N. Engl. J. Med. 360, 2416\u20132425 (2009).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR81","unstructured":"Hensen, J., Howard, C. P. & Thuren, T. Safety and efficacy of monthly s.c. canakinumab administration for the treatment of hyperglycemia in metformin monotherapy-treated Type-2 diabetic patients. Diabetes (in the press)."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.1998.18.321","volume":"18","author":"N Takebe","year":"1998","unstructured":"Takebe, N. et al. Phase I\/II trial of the type I soluble recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor in HIV-1-infected patients. J. Interferon Cytokine Res. 18, 321\u2013326 (1998).","journal-title":"J. Interferon Cytokine Res."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199609150-00015","volume":"62","author":"PL McCarthy Jr","year":"1996","unstructured":"McCarthy, P. L. Jr et al. A clinical Phase I\/II study of recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor in glucocorticoid-resistant graft-versus-host disease. Transplantation 62, 626\u2013631 (1996).","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780390212","volume":"39","author":"BE Drevlow","year":"1996","unstructured":"Drevlow, B. E. et al. Recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor type I in the treatment of patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 39, 257\u2013265 (1996).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR85","unstructured":"Lachmann, H. J. et al. An orally-active ICE\/caspase-1 inhibitor, VX-765, reduces inflammatory biomarkers and symptoms in patients with Muckle\u2013Wells syndrome. US National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases [online], (2005)."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1391.022","volume":"1113","author":"T Bartfai","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bartfai, T. et al. Interleukin-1 system in CNS stress: seizures, fever, and neurotrauma. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 1113, 173\u2013177 (2007).","journal-title":"Ann. NY Acad. Sci."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2008.06050.x","volume":"27","author":"S Spulber","year":"2008","unstructured":"Spulber, S., Oprica, M., Bartfai, T., Winblad, B. & Schultzberg, M. Blunted neurogenesis and gliosis due to transgenic overexpression of human soluble IL-1ra in the mouse. Eur. J. Neurosci. 27, 549\u2013558 (2008).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"Suppl. 8","key":"BFnrd3800_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2011.03242.x","volume":"52","author":"A Vezzani","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vezzani, A., Bartfai, T., Bianchi, M., Rossetti, C. & French, J. Therapeutic potential of new antiinflammatory drugs. Epilepsia 52 (Suppl. 8), 67\u201369 (2011).","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2011.03.018","volume":"25","author":"A Vezzani","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vezzani, A., Maroso, M., Balosso, S., Sanchez, M. A. & Bartfai, T. IL-1 receptor\/Toll-like receptor signaling in infection, inflammation, stress and neurodegeneration couples hyperexcitability and seizures. Brain Behav. Immun. 25, 1281\u20131289 (2011).","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Keystone, E. C., Wang, M. M., Layton, M., Hollis, S. & McInnes, I. B. Clinical evaluation of the efficacy of the P2X7 purinergic receptor antagonist AZD9056 on the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis in patients with active disease despite treatment with methotrexate or sulphasalazine. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 15 Mar 2011 (doi:10.1136\/ard.2010.143578).","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2011-143578"},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.110874","volume":"39","author":"TC Stock","year":"2012","unstructured":"Stock, T. C. et al. Efficacy and safety of CE-224535, an antagonist of P2X7 receptor, in treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis inadequately controlled by methotrexate. J. Rheumatol. 39, 720\u2013727 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"issue":"1","key":"BFnrd3800_CR92","first-page":"197","volume":"75","author":"Zahid Ali","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ali, Z. et al. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiling of P2X7 receptor allosteric modulator GSK1482160 in healthy human subjects. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 9 May 2012 (doi:10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2012.04320.x).","journal-title":"British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology"},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2004.054882","volume":"76","author":"HC Emsley","year":"2005","unstructured":"Emsley, H. C. et al. A randomised Phase II study of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in acute stroke patients. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. 76, 1366\u20131372 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2010.103","volume":"31","author":"J Galea","year":"2011","unstructured":"Galea, J. et al. Intravenous anakinra can achieve experimentally effective concentrations in the central nervous system within a therapeutic time window: results of a dose-ranging study. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 31, 439\u2013447 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3720","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-07-273417","volume":"117","author":"CA Dinarello","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dinarello, C. A. Interleukin-1 in the pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory diseases. Blood 117, 3720\u20133732 (2011).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2662","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.731877","volume":"117","author":"I Ikonomidis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ikonomidis, I. et al. Inhibition of interleukin-1 by anakinra improves vascular and left ventricular function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Circulation 117, 2662\u20132669 (2008).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR97","unstructured":"Dayer-Metroz, M. D. et al. IL-1ra delays the spontaenous autoimmune diabetes in the BB rat. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 22, Abstract A50 (1992)."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5448.2011.00761.x","volume":"12","author":"KM Sumpter","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sumpter, K. M., Adhikari, S., Grishman, E. K. & White, P. C. Preliminary studies related to anti-interleukin-1\u03b2 therapy in children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. Pediatr. Diabetes 12, 656\u2013667 (2011).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Diabetes"},{"issue":"Suppl. 10","key":"BFnrd3800_CR99","first-page":"2055","volume":"60","author":"N Ruperto","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ruperto, N. et al. Evaluation of safety and preliminary efficacy of canakinumab in children with systemic onset juvenile idiopaththic artritis. Arthritis Rheum. 60 (Suppl. 10), 2055 (2009).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR100","unstructured":"van Asseldonk, E. J. P. et al. One week of treatment with the IL-1 receptor antagonist anakinra improves insulin sensitivity in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: results from a clinical trial. Diabetologia (in the press)."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e158","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-1196","volume":"34","author":"C Cavelti-Weder","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cavelti-Weder, C. et al. Inhibition of IL-1\u03b2 improves fatigue in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 34, e158 (2012).","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e30123","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0030123","volume":"7","author":"KB Norheim","year":"2012","unstructured":"Norheim, K. B., Harboe, E., Goransson, L. G. & Omdal, R. Interleukin-1 inhibition and fatigue in primary Sjogren's syndrome \u2014 a double blind, randomised clinical trial. PLoS ONE 7, e30123 (2012).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"12","key":"BFnrd3800_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2012.01637.x","volume":"14","author":"A. Rissanen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rissanen, A., Howard, C., Botha, J. & Thuren, T. Effect of anti-IL-1\u03b2 antibody (canakinumab) on insulin secretion rates in impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes: results of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Diabetes Obes. Metab. 21 Jun 2012 (doi:10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2012.01637.x).","journal-title":"Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1A","key":"BFnrd3800_CR104","first-page":"47-LB","volume":"60","author":"J Sloan-Lancaster","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sloan-Lancaster, J. et al. Safety, tolerability and efficacy of subcutaneous LY2189102, a neutralizing IL-1\u03b2 antibody, in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 60 (Suppl. 1A), 47-LB (2011).","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A211","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.TARG-11-A211","volume":"10","author":"DS Hong","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hong, D. S. et al. A Phase I study of MABp1, a first-in-human, first-true human monoclonal antibody against the IL-1 in patients with advanced cancers. Mol. Cancer Ther. 10, A211 (2011).","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2006.11.026","volume":"195","author":"Y Kamari","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kamari, Y. et al. Differential role and tissue specificity of interleukin-1\u03b1 gene expression in atherogenesis and lipid metabolism. Atherosclerosis 195, 31\u201338 (2007).","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08938","volume":"464","author":"P Duewell","year":"2010","unstructured":"Duewell, P. et al. NLRP3 inflammasomes are required for atherogenesis and activated by cholesterol crystals. Nature 464, 1357\u20131361 (2010).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.09.009","volume":"54","author":"P Libby","year":"2009","unstructured":"Libby, P., Ridker, P. M. & Hansson, G. K. Inflammation in atherosclerosis: from pathophysiology to practice. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 54, 2129\u20132138 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.090074","volume":"36","author":"M Mertens","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mertens, M. & Singh, J. A. Anakinra for rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review. J. Rheumatol. 36, 1118\u20131125 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"BFnrd3800_CR110","first-page":"ii22","volume":"42","author":"B Bresnihan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bresnihan, B. & Cobby, M. Clinical and radiological effects of anakinra in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 42 (Suppl. 2), ii22\u2013ii28 (2003).","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"Suppl. 9","key":"BFnrd3800_CR111","first-page":"289","volume":"43","author":"B Bresnihan","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bresnihan, B., Newmark, R. D., Robbins, S., McCabe, D. P. & Genant, H. K. Anakinra reduces the rate of joint destruction after 1 year of treatment in a randomized controlled cohort of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 43 (Suppl. 9), 289 (2000).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR112","first-page":"32","volume":"59","author":"C Botsios","year":"2007","unstructured":"Botsios, C. et al. Anakinra, a recombinant human IL-1 receptor antagonist, in clinical practice. Outcome in 60 patients with severe rheumatoid arthritis. Reumatismo 59, 32\u201337 (2007).","journal-title":"Reumatismo"},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200005)43:5<1001::AID-ANR7>3.0.CO;2-P","volume":"43","author":"Y Jiang","year":"2000","unstructured":"Jiang, Y. et al. A multicenter, double-blind, dose-ranging, randomized, placebo-controlled study of recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: radiologic progression and correlation of Genant and Larsen scores. Arthritis Rheum. 43, 1001\u20131009 (2000).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Genant, H. K. et al. Treatment with anakinra reduces the rate of joint destruction and shows accelerated benefit in the second 6 months of treatment for patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 40 (Suppl. 1), Abstract 169 (2001).","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2001.1196"},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miller, D. M., Ng, E., Schiff, M. H., Cohen, S. B. & Bresnihan, B. Durability and rapidity of response for rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving therapy with anakinra. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 60 (Suppl. 1), Abstract 171 (2001).","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2001.1206"},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-12-153","volume":"12","author":"R Alten","year":"2011","unstructured":"Alten, R. et al. Efficacy and safety of the human anti-IL-1\u03b2 monoclonal antibody canakinumab in rheumatoid arthritis: results of a 12-week, Phase II, dose-finding study. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord. 12, 153 (2011).","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet. Disord."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24694","volume":"61","author":"SB Gratton","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gratton, S. B., Scalapino, K. J. & Fye, K. H. Case of anakinra as a steroid-sparing agent for gout inflammation. Arthritis Rheum. 61, 1268\u20131270 (2009).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.073759","volume":"66","author":"D McGonagle","year":"2007","unstructured":"McGonagle, D. et al. Management of treatment resistant inflammation of acute on chronic tophaceous gout with anakinra. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 66, 1683\u20131684 (2007).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23119","volume":"58","author":"D McGonagle","year":"2008","unstructured":"McGonagle, D., Tan, A. L., Madden, J., Emery, P. & McDermott, M. F. Successful treatment of resistant pseudogout with anakinra. Arthritis Rheum. 58, 631\u2013633 (2008).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0b013e3181be2423","volume":"15","author":"D Singh","year":"2009","unstructured":"Singh, D. & Huston, K. K. IL-1 inhibition with anakinra in a patient with refractory gout. J. Clin. Rheumatol. 15, 366 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3064","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27600","volume":"62","author":"A So","year":"2010","unstructured":"So, A. et al. Canakinumab for the treatment of acute flares in difficult-to-treat gouty arthritis: Results of a multicenter, Phase II, dose-ranging study. Arthritis Rheum. 62, 3064\u20133076 (2010).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R28","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2143","volume":"9","author":"A So","year":"2007","unstructured":"So, A., De Smedt, T., Revaz, S. & Tschopp, J. A pilot study of IL-1 inhibition by anakinra in acute gout. Arthritis Res. Ther. 9, R28 (2007).","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.108936","volume":"68","author":"R Terkeltaub","year":"2009","unstructured":"Terkeltaub, R. et al. The interleukin 1 inhibitor rilonacept in treatment of chronic gouty arthritis: results of a placebo-controlled, monosequence crossover, non-randomised, single-blind pilot study. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 68, 1613\u20131617 (2009).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2009.236","volume":"6","author":"R Terkeltaub","year":"2010","unstructured":"Terkeltaub, R. Update on gout: new therapeutic strategies and options. Nature Rev. Rheumatol. 6, 30\u201338 (2010).","journal-title":"Nature Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2009.01.001","volume":"76","author":"N Announ","year":"2009","unstructured":"Announ, N., Palmer, G., Guerne, P. A. & Gabay, C. Anakinra is a possible alternative in the treatment and prevention of acute attacks of pseudogout in end-stage renal failure. Joint Bone Spine 76, 424\u2013426 (2009).","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R53","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3297","volume":"13","author":"N Schlesinger","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schlesinger, N. et al. Canakinumab relieves symptoms of acute flares and improves health-related quality of life in patients with difficult-to-treat gouty arthritis by suppressing inflammation: results of a randomized, dose-ranging study. Arthritis Res. Ther. 13, R53 (2012).","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.144063","volume":"70","author":"N Schlesinger","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schlesinger, N. et al. Canakinumab reduces the risk of acute gouty arthritis flares during initiation of allopurinol treatment: results of a double-blind, randomised study. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 70, 1264\u20131271 (2011).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq358","volume":"50","author":"T Funck-Brentano","year":"2011","unstructured":"Funck-Brentano, T. et al. First observation of the efficacy of IL-1ra to treat tophaceous gout of the lumbar spine. Rheumatology 50, 622\u2013624 (2011).","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.094284","volume":"68","author":"L Bacconnier","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bacconnier, L., Jorgensen, C. & Fabre, S. Erosive osteoarthritis of the hand: clinical experience with anakinra. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 68, 1078\u20131079 (2009).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR130","first-page":"1317","volume":"32","author":"X Chevalier","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chevalier, X. et al. Safety study of intraarticular injection of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist in patients with painful knee osteoarthritis: a multicenter study. J. Rheumatol. 32, 1317\u20131323 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24096","volume":"61","author":"X Chevalier","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chevalier, X. et al. Intraarticular injection of anakinra in osteoarthritis of the knee: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Arthritis Rheum. 61, 344\u2013352 (2009).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3436","volume":"13","author":"X Chevalier","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chevalier, X., Conrozier, T. & Richette, P. Desperately looking for the right target in osteoarthritis: the anti-IL-1 strategy. Arthritis Res. Ther. 13, 124 (2011).","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2443","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23687","volume":"58","author":"HM Hoffman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hoffman, H. M. et al. Efficacy and safety of rilonacept (interleukin-1 trap) in patients with cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes: results from two sequential placebo-controlled studies. Arthritis Rheum. 58, 2443\u20132452 (2008).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9982","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0602081103","volume":"103","author":"JJ Chae","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chae, J. J. et al. The B30.2 domain of pyrin, the familial Mediterranean fever protein, interacts directly with caspase-1 to modulate IL-1\u03b2 production. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 103, 9982\u20139987 (2006).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.2012.43","volume":"32","author":"A Alenazi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Alenazi, A., Al Sonbul, A., Al Jumaah, S., Al Mehaidib, A. & Al-Mayouf, S. M. A retrospective review of autoinflammatory diseases in Saudi children at a rheumatology clinic. Ann. Saudi Med. 32, 43\u201348 (2012).","journal-title":"Ann. Saudi Med."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1898","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfr528","volume":"27","author":"K Stankovic Stojanovic","year":"2012","unstructured":"Stankovic Stojanovic, K. et al. Dramatic beneficial effect of interleukin-1 inhibitor treatment in patients with familial Mediterranean fever complicated with amyloidosis and renal failure. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 27, 1898\u20131901 (2012).","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.100718","volume":"38","author":"S \u00d6zen","year":"2011","unstructured":"\u00d6zen, S., Bilginer, Y., Ayaz, N. A. & Calguneri, M. Anti-interleukin 1 treatment for patients with familial Mediterranean fever resistant to colchicine. J. Rheumatol. 38, 516\u2013518 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfn646","volume":"24","author":"C Moser","year":"2009","unstructured":"Moser, C. et al. Successful treatment of familial Mediterranean fever with anakinra and outcome after renal transplantation. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 24, 676\u2013678 (2009).","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2010.11.003","volume":"41","author":"U Meinzer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Meinzer, U. et al. Interleukin-1 targeting drugs in familial Mediterranean fever: a case series and a review of the literature. Semin. Arthritis Rheum. 41, 265\u2013271 (2011).","journal-title":"Semin. Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-007-0547-3","volume":"167","author":"L Calligaris","year":"2008","unstructured":"Calligaris, L., Marchetti, F., Tommasini, A. & Ventura, A. The efficacy of anakinra in an adolescent with colchicine-resistant familial Mediterranean fever. Eur. J. Pediatr. 167, 695\u2013696 (2008).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pediatr."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.146878","volume":"70","author":"I Mitroulis","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mitroulis, I., Skendros, P., Oikonomou, A., Tzioufas, A. G. & Ritis, K. The efficacy of canakinumab in the treatment of a patient with familial Mediterranean fever and longstanding destructive arthritis. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 70, 1347\u20131348 (2010).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181d9ed69","volume":"74","author":"JL Kitley","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kitley, J. L., Lachmann, H. J., Pinto, A. & Ginsberg, L. Neurologic manifestations of the cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome. Neurology 74, 1267\u20131270 (2010).","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R202","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3535","volume":"13","author":"I Kone-Paut","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kone-Paut, I. et al. Sustained remission of symptoms and improved health-related quality of life in patients with cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome treated with canakinumab: results of a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized withdrawal study. Arthritis Res. Ther. 13, R202 (2011).","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R34","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3266","volume":"13","author":"JB Kuemmerle-Deschner","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kuemmerle-Deschner, J. B. et al. Canakinumab (ACZ885, a fully human IgG1 anti-IL-1\u03b2 mAb) induces sustained remission in pediatric patients with cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS). Arthritis Res. Ther. 13, R34 (2011).","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2011.152728","volume":"70","author":"JB Kuemmerle-Deschner","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kuemmerle-Deschner, J. B. et al. Two-year results from an open-label, multicentre, Phase III study evaluating the safety and efficacy of canakinumab in patients with cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome across different severity phenotypes. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 70, 2095\u20132102 (2011).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599811402296","volume":"145","author":"N Ahmadi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ahmadi, N. et al. Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes: otolaryngologic and audiologic manifestations. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 145, 295\u2013302 (2011).","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2155","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2011.149922","volume":"70","author":"EJ Bodar","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bodar, E. J. et al. On-demand anakinra treatment is effective in mevalonate kinase deficiency. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 70, 2155\u20132158 (2011).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR148","first-page":"260","volume":"63","author":"EJ Bodar","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bodar, E. J., van der Hilst, J. C., Drenth, J. P., van der Meer, J. W. & Simon, A. Effect of etanercept and anakinra on inflammatory attacks in the hyper-IgD syndrome: introducing a vaccination provocation model. Neth. J. Med. 63, 260\u2013264 (2005).","journal-title":"Neth. J. Med."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1007\/s10545-006-0408-7","volume":"29","author":"M Cailliez","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cailliez, M. et al. Anakinra is safe and effective in controlling hyperimmunoglobulinaemia D syndrome-associated febrile crisis. J. Inherit. Metab. Dis. 29, 763 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Inherit. Metab. Dis."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2010.01974.x","volume":"100","author":"M Korppi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Korppi, M., Van Gijn, M. E. & Antila, K. Hyperimmunoglobulinemia D and periodic fever syndrome in children. Review on therapy with biological drugs and case report. Acta Paediatr. 100, 21\u201325 (2011).","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-009-1322-8","volume":"32","author":"HM Shendi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shendi, H. M., Walsh, D. & Edgar, J. D. Etanercept and anakinra can prolong febrile episodes in patients with hyperimmunoglobulin D and periodic fever syndrome. Rheumatol. Int. 32, 249\u2013251 (2012).","journal-title":"Rheumatol. Int."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0b013e318190cfb7","volume":"87","author":"JC van der Hilst","year":"2008","unstructured":"van der Hilst, J. C. et al. Long-term follow-up, clinical features, and quality of life in a series of 103 patients with hyperimmunoglobulinemia D syndrome. Medicine (Baltimore) 87, 301\u2013310 (2008).","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23475","volume":"58","author":"M Gattorno","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gattorno, M. et al. Persistent efficacy of anakinra in patients with tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome. Arthritis Rheum. 58, 1516\u20131520 (2008).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.02.039","volume":"117","author":"A Simon","year":"2004","unstructured":"Simon, A. et al. Beneficial response to interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in TRAPS. Am. J. Med. 117, 208\u2013210 (2004).","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR155","first-page":"357","volume":"35","author":"K Sacre","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sacre, K. et al. Dramatic improvement following interleukin 1\u03b2 blockade in tumor necrosis factor receptor-1-associated syndrome (TRAPS) resistant to anti-TNF-\u03b1 therapy. J. Rheumatol. 35, 357\u2013358 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24294","volume":"60","author":"B Nedjai","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nedjai, B. et al. Proinflammatory action of the antiinflammatory drug infliximab in tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome. Arthritis Rheum. 60, 619\u2013625 (2009).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR157","first-page":"802","volume":"28","author":"L Cantarini","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cantarini, L., Lucherini, O. M., Cimaz, R. & Galeazzi, M. Recurrent pericarditis caused by a rare mutation in the TNFRSF1A gene and with excellent response to anakinra treatment. Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. 28, 802 (2010).","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24174","volume":"60","author":"P Picco","year":"2009","unstructured":"Picco, P. et al. Successful treatment of idiopathic recurrent pericarditis in children with interleukin-1\u03b2 receptor antagonist (anakinra): an unrecognized autoinflammatory disease? Arthritis Rheum. 60, 264\u2013268 (2009).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R196","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3526","volume":"13","author":"JB Kuemmerle-Deschner","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kuemmerle-Deschner, J. B. et al. NLRP3 E311K mutation in a large family with Muckle\u2013Wells syndrome \u2014 description of a heterogeneous phenotype and response to treatment. Arthritis Res. Ther. 13, R196 (2011).","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ken030","volume":"47","author":"V Ohlsson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ohlsson, V. et al. Anakinra treatment for systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SOJIA). Rheumatology 47, 555\u2013556 (2008).","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.134254","volume":"70","author":"P Quartier","year":"2011","unstructured":"Quartier, P. et al. A multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist anakinra in patients with systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (ANAJIS trial). Ann. Rheum. Dis. 70, 747\u2013754 (2011).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.108068","volume":"69","author":"L Naumann","year":"2010","unstructured":"Naumann, L. et al. IL1-receptor antagonist anakinra provides long-lasting efficacy in the treatment of refractory adult-onset Still's disease. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 69, 466\u2013467 (2010).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.076034","volume":"67","author":"T Lequerre","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lequerre, T. et al. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (anakinra) treatment in patients with systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis or adult onset Still disease: preliminary experience in France. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 67, 302\u2013308 (2008).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2007.04.002","volume":"37","author":"I Kotter","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kotter, I. et al. Anakinra in patients with treatment-resistant adult-onset Still's disease: four case reports with serial cytokine measurements and a review of the literature. Semin. Arthritis Rheum. 37, 189\u2013197 (2007).","journal-title":"Semin. Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.066381","volume":"66","author":"GD Kalliolias","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kalliolias, G. D., Georgiou, P. E., Antonopoulos, I. A., Andonopoulos, A. P. & Liossis, S. N. Anakinra treatment in patients with adult-onset Still's disease is fast, effective, safe and steroid sparing: experience from an uncontrolled trial. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 66, 842\u2013843 (2007).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1794","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21061","volume":"52","author":"AA Fitzgerald","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fitzgerald, A. A., Leclercq, S. A., Yan, A., Homik, J. E. & Dinarello, C. A. Rapid responses to anakinra in patients with refractory adult-onset Still's disease. Arthritis Rheum. 52, 1794\u20131803 (2005).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1517\/14712598.2010.532785","volume":"10","author":"JF Swart","year":"2010","unstructured":"Swart, J. F., Barug, D., Mohlmann, M. & Wulffraat, N. M. The efficacy and safety of interleukin-1-receptor antagonist anakinra in the treatment of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Expert Opin. Biol. Ther. 10, 1743\u20131752 (2010).","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Biol. Ther."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1002\/art.33342","volume":"64","author":"N Ruperto","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ruperto, N. et al. A Phase II, multicenter, open-label study evaluating dosing and preliminary safety and efficacy of canakinumab in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis with active systemic features. Arthritis Rheum. 64, 557\u2013567 (2012).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2011.12.005","volume":"22","author":"FR Balkwill","year":"2012","unstructured":"Balkwill, F. R. & Mantovani, A. Cancer-related inflammation: common themes and therapeutic opportunities. Semin. Cancer Biol. 22, 33\u201340 (2012).","journal-title":"Semin. Cancer Biol."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2006.26.83","volume":"26","author":"Y Xiong","year":"2006","unstructured":"Xiong, Y. et al. Identification of two groups of smoldering multiple myeloma patients who are either high or low producers of interleukin-1. J. Interferon Cytokine Res. 26, 83\u201395 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Interferon Cytokine Res."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8588(05)70115-5","volume":"13","author":"JA Lust","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lust, J. A. & Donovan, K. A. The role of interleukin-1 \u03b2 in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma. Hematol. Oncol. Clin. North Am. 13, 1117\u20131125 (1999).","journal-title":"Hematol. Oncol. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.4065\/84.2.114","volume":"84","author":"JA Lust","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lust, J. A. et al. Induction of a chronic disease state in patients with smoldering or indolent multiple myeloma by targeting interleukin 1\u03b2-induced interleukin 6 production and the myeloma proliferative component. Mayo Clin. Proc. 84, 114\u2013122 (2009). This study reveals that most patients with smouldering myeloma who are treated with anakinra do not progress to full-blown myeloma.","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4705","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0901511","volume":"183","author":"Y Carmi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Carmi, Y. et al. The role of macrophage-derived IL-1 in induction and maintenance of angiogenesis. J. Immunol. 183, 4705\u20134714 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1080\/09273940802710705","volume":"17","author":"JL Olson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Olson, J. L., Courtney, R. J., Rouhani, B., Mandava, N. & Dinarello, C. A. Intravitreal anakinra inhibits choroidal neovascular membrane growth in a rat model. Ocul. Immunol. Inflamm. 17, 195\u2013200 (2009).","journal-title":"Ocul. Immunol. Inflamm."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1007\/s10555-010-9229-0","volume":"29","author":"CA Dinarello","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dinarello, C. A. Why not treat human cancer with interleukin-1 blockade? Cancer Metastasis Rev. 29, 317\u2013329 (2010).","journal-title":"Cancer Metastasis Rev."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V84.4.1342.1342","volume":"84","author":"JH Antin","year":"1994","unstructured":"Antin, J. H. et al. Recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in the treatment of steroid-resistant graft-versus-host disease. Blood 84, 1342\u20131348 (1994).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60237-3","volume":"373","author":"JL Ferrara","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ferrara, J. L., Levine, J. E., Reddy, P. & Holler, E. Graft-versus-host disease. Lancet 373, 1550\u20131561 (2009).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1779","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)17401-1","volume":"364","author":"HM Hoffman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hoffman, H. M. et al. Prevention of cold-associated acute inflammation in familal cold autoinflammatory syndrome by interleukin-1 receptor antagonist. Lancet 364, 1779\u20131785 (2004).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2010.02.040","volume":"157","author":"L Lepore","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lepore, L. et al. Follow-up and quality of life of patients with cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes treated with anakinra. J. Pediatr. 157, 310\u2013315 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/1546-0096-8-9","volume":"8","author":"T Miyamae","year":"2011","unstructured":"Miyamae, T. et al. Effect of anakinra on arthropathy in CINCA\/NOMID syndrome. Pediatr. Rheumatol. Online J. 8, 9 (2011).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Rheumatol. Online J."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1002\/art.25057","volume":"62","author":"B Neven","year":"2011","unstructured":"Neven, B. et al. Long-term efficacy of the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist anakinra in ten patients with neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease\/chronic infantile neurologic, cutaneous, articular syndrome. Arthritis Rheum. 62, 258\u2013267 (2011).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1159\/000331580","volume":"223","author":"SM Mueller","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mueller, S. M., Itin, P. & Haeusermann, P. Muckle\u2013Wells syndrome effectively treated with canakinumab: is the recommended dosing schedule mandatory? Dermatology 223, 113\u2013118 (2011).","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1870","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1002275","volume":"186","author":"S Pathak","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pathak, S., Goldofsky, E., Vivas, E. X., Bonagura, V. R. & Vambutas, A. IL-1\u03b2 is overexpressed and aberrantly regulated in corticosteroid nonresponders with autoimmune inner ear disease. J. Immunol. 186, 1870\u20131879 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-313X.2011.01004.x","volume":"38","author":"T Furuta","year":"2011","unstructured":"Furuta, T. et al. Association of interleukin-1 gene polymorphisms with sudden sensorineural hearing loss and Meniere's disease. Int. J. Immunogenet. 38, 249\u2013254 (2011).","journal-title":"Int. J. Immunogenet."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e5293","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005293","volume":"4","author":"A Vambutas","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vambutas, A. et al. Alternate splicing of interleukin-1 receptor type II (IL1R2) in vitro correlates with clinical glucocorticoid responsiveness in patients with AIED. PLoS ONE 4, e5293 (2009).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2005.10.005","volume":"6","author":"HJ Lachmann","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lachmann, H. J. & Hawkins, P. N. Systemic amyloidosis. Curr. Opin. Pharmacol. 6, 214\u2013220 (2006).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2010.04.018","volume":"77","author":"T Ait-Abdesselam","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ait-Abdesselam, T. et al. Anakinra efficacy in a Caucasian patient with renal AA amyloidosis secondary to cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome. Joint Bone Spine 77, 616\u2013617 (2011).","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-009-1279-8","volume":"29","author":"Y Bilginer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bilginer, Y., Ayaz, N. A. & Ozen, S. Anti-IL-1 treatment for secondary amyloidosis in an adolescent with FMF and Behcet's disease. Clin. Rheumatol. 29, 209\u2013210 (2010).","journal-title":"Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1002\/art.30149","volume":"63","author":"JB Kuemmerle-Deschner","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kuemmerle-Deschner, J. B. et al. Efficacy and safety of anakinra therapy in pediatric and adult patients with the autoinflammatory Muckle\u2013Wells syndrome. Arthritis Rheum. 63, 840\u2013849 (2011).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2006.10.026","volume":"49","author":"BD Thornton","year":"2007","unstructured":"Thornton, B. D., Hoffman, H. M., Bhat, A. & Don, B. R. Successful treatment of renal amyloidosis due to familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome using an interleukin 1 receptor antagonist. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 49, 477\u2013481 (2007).","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2862","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200112)44:12<2862::AID-ART474>3.0.CO;2-W","volume":"44","author":"N Mohan","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mohan, N. et al. Demyelination occurring during anti-tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 therapy for inflammatory arthritides. Arthritis Rheum. 44, 2862\u20132869 (2001).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.111500","volume":"69","author":"S Bernatsky","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bernatsky, S., Renoux, C. & Suissa, S. Demyelinating events in rheumatoid arthritis after drug exposures. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 69, 1691\u20131693 (2010).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(02)00056-5","volume":"126","author":"BA de Jong","year":"2002","unstructured":"de Jong, B. A. et al. Production of IL-1\u03b2 and IL-1Ra as risk factors for susceptibility and progression of relapse-onset multiple sclerosis. J. Neuroimmunol. 126, 172\u2013179 (2002).","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13046","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1002396107","volume":"107","author":"F Meissner","year":"2010","unstructured":"Meissner, F., Molawi, K. & Zychlinsky, A. Mutant superoxide dismutase 1-induced IL-1\u03b2 accelerates ALS pathogenesis. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 107, 13046\u201313050 (2010).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR195","first-page":"302","volume":"67","author":"EJ Bodar","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bodar, E. J., Simon, A., de Visser, M. & van der Meer, J. W. Complete remission of severe idiopathic cold urticaria on interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (anakinra). Neth. J. Med. 67, 302\u2013305 (2009).","journal-title":"Neth. J. Med."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12741","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1007946107","volume":"107","author":"JW van der Meer","year":"2010","unstructured":"van der Meer, J. W. & Simon, A. Blocking IL-1\u03b2 to slow down progression of ALS? Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 107, 12741\u201312742 (2010).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR197","first-page":"S21","volume":"33","author":"CA Dinarello","year":"1988","unstructured":"Dinarello, C. A., Koch, K. M. & Shaldon, S. Interleukin-1 and its relevance in patients treated with hemodialysis. Kidney Int. 33, S21\u2013S26 (1988).","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2010070760","volume":"22","author":"AM Hung","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hung, A. M., Ellis, C. D., Shintani, A., Booker, C. & Ikizler, T. A. IL-1\u03b2 receptor antagonist reduces inflammation in hemodialysis patients. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 22, 437\u2013442 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2005.048371","volume":"65","author":"RM Fleischmann","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fleischmann, R. M. et al. Safety of extended treatment with anakinra in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 65, 1006\u20131012 (2006).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2196","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199812)41:12<2196::AID-ART15>3.0.CO;2-2","volume":"41","author":"B Bresnihan","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bresnihan, B. et al. Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist. Arthritis Rheum. 41, 2196\u20132204 (1998). This is the first controlled study to demonstrate the efficacy of blocking IL-1 in rheumatoid arthritis.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199401000-00008","volume":"22","author":"CJJ Fisher","year":"1994","unstructured":"Fisher, C. J. J. et al. Initial evaluation of human recombinant interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in the treatment of sepsis syndrome: a randomized, open-label, placebo-controlled multicenter trial. Crit. Care Med. 22, 12\u201321 (1994).","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199707000-00010","volume":"25","author":"SM Opal","year":"1997","unstructured":"Opal, S. M. et al. Confirmatory interleukin-1 receptor antagonist trial in severe sepsis: a Phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. Crit. Care Med. 25, 1115\u20131124 (1997).","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1836","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03510470040032","volume":"271","author":"CJJ Fisher","year":"1994","unstructured":"Fisher, C. J. J. et al. Recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in the treatment of patients with sepsis syndrome. Results from a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial. JAMA 271, 1836\u20131843 (1994).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00028510","volume":"36","author":"I Solovic","year":"2011","unstructured":"Solovic, I. et al. The risk of tuberculosis related to tumour necrosis factor antagonist therapies: a TBNET consensus statement. Eur. Respir. J. 36, 1185\u20131206 (2011).","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10870","volume":"48","author":"RM Fleischmann","year":"2003","unstructured":"Fleischmann, R. M. et al. Anakinra, a recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (r-metHuIL-1ra), in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a large, international, multicenter, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum. 48, 927\u2013934 (2003).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0b013e31812e00a1","volume":"13","author":"LD Settas","year":"2007","unstructured":"Settas, L. D., Tsimirikas, G., Vosvotekas, G., Triantafyllidou, E. & Nicolaides, P. Reactivation of pulmonary tuberculosis in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis during treatment with IL-1 receptor antagonists (anakinra). J. Clin. Rheumatol. 13, 219\u2013220 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR207","first-page":"553","volume":"164","author":"HY Chiu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chiu, H. Y., Hsueh, P. R. & Tsai, T. F. Clinical experience of QuantiFERON\u00ae-TB Gold testing in patients with psoriasis treated with tumour necrosis factor blockers in Taiwan. Br. J. Dermatol. 164, 553\u2013559 (2011).","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR208","first-page":"95","volume":"69","author":"FL van de Veerdonk","year":"2011","unstructured":"van de Veerdonk, F. L., Netea, M. G., Dinarello, C. A. & van der Meer, J. W. Anakinra for the inflammatory complications of chronic granulomatous disease. Neth. J. Med. 69, 95 (2011).","journal-title":"Neth. J. Med."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-010-1429-y","volume":"32","author":"S Hennig","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hennig, S., Bayegan, K., Uffmann, M., Thalhammer, F. & Winkler, S. Pneumonia in a patient with familial Mediterranean fever successfully treated with anakinra \u2014 case report and review. Rheumatol. Int. 32, 1801\u20131804 (2010).","journal-title":"Rheumatol. Int."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR210","unstructured":"Netea, M. G. et al. Overproduction of interleukin-17 in a family with hidradenitis suppurativa: response to anakinra therapy. J. Invest. Dermatol. (in the press)."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.12.025","volume":"66","author":"M Braun-Falco","year":"2011","unstructured":"Braun-Falco, M., Kovnerystyy, O., Lohse, P. & Ruzicka, T. Pyoderma gangrenosum, acne, and suppurative hidradenitis (PASH) \u2014 a new autoinflammatory syndrome distinct from PAPA syndrome. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 66, 409\u2013415 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR212","first-page":"1265","volume":"146","author":"JL Hsiao","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hsiao, J. L. et al. Hidradenitis suppurativa and concomitant pyoderma gangrenosum: a case series and literature review. Arch. Dermatol. 146, 1265\u20131270 (2011).","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.156.1.389","volume":"156","author":"AC Ogilvie","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ogilvie, A. C. et al. IL-1 \u03b2 does not cause neutrophil degranulation but does lead to IL- 6, IL-8, and nitrite\/nitrate release when used in patients with cancer. J. Immunol. 156, 389\u2013394 (1996).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/1043-4666(92)90078-6","volume":"4","author":"EV Granowitz","year":"1992","unstructured":"Granowitz, E. V. et al. Pharmacokinetics, saftey, and immunomodulatory effects of human recombinant interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in healthy humans. Cytokine 4, 353\u2013360 (1992).","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1097\/MPH.0b013e3181acd89d","volume":"31","author":"AA Wanderer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wanderer, A. A. Rationale for IL-1\u03b2 targeted therapy for ischemia-reperfusion induced pulmonary and other complications in sickle cell disease. J. Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol. 31, 537\u2013538 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3871966","volume":"227","author":"JG Cannon","year":"1985","unstructured":"Cannon, J. G. & Dinarello, C. A. Increased plasma interleukin-1 activity in women after ovulation. Science 227, 1247\u20131249 (1985).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2005.04.019","volume":"123","author":"Z Kondera-Anasz","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kondera-Anasz, Z., Sikora, J., Mielczarek-Palacz, A. & Jonca, M. Concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1\u03b1, IL-1 soluble receptor type II (IL-1 sRII) and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1 Ra) in the peritoneal fluid and serum of infertile women with endometriosis. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 123, 198\u2013203 (2005).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"BFnrd3800_CR218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1159\/000243081","volume":"17","author":"KA Lehtimaki","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lehtimaki, K. A., Keranen, T., Palmio, J. & Peltola, J. Levels of IL-1\u03b2 and IL-1ra in cerebrospinal fluid of human patients after single and prolonged seizures. Neuroimmunomodulation 17, 19\u201322 (2011).","journal-title":"Neuroimmunomodulation"}],"container-title":["Nature Reviews Drug Discovery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrd3800.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrd3800","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrd3800.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,25]],"date-time":"2023-06-25T01:39:38Z","timestamp":1687657178000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrd3800"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"references-count":218,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]}},"alternative-id":["BFnrd3800"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrd3800","relation":{},"ISSN":["1474-1776","1474-1784"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1474-1776","type":"print"},{"value":"1474-1784","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 August 2012","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing financial interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}