{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T22:58:01Z","timestamp":1777417081768,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,1]],"date-time":"2009-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1238544000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2654","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,23]],"date-time":"2009-03-23T06:33:15Z","timestamp":1237789995000},"page":"276-286","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":516,"title":["\u03b2-Catenin hits chromatin: regulation of Wnt target gene activation"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Christian","family":"Mosimann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Hausmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Konrad","family":"Basler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceca.2005.06.022","volume":"38","author":"AD Kohn","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kohn, A. D. & Moon, R. T. Wnt and calcium signaling: \u03b2-catenin-independent pathways. Cell Calcium 38, 439\u2013446 (2005).","journal-title":"Cell Calcium"},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.10.018","volume":"127","author":"H Clevers","year":"2006","unstructured":"Clevers, H. Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling in development and disease. Cell 127, 469\u2013480 (2006). An excellent review of the involvement and mechanisms of the entire Wnt signalling pathway in development and disease.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc2389","volume":"8","author":"A Klaus","year":"2008","unstructured":"Klaus, A. & Birchmeier, W. Wnt signalling and its impact on development and cancer. Nature Rev. Cancer 8, 387\u2013398 (2008).","journal-title":"Nature Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1137065","volume":"316","author":"J Bilic","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bilic, J. et al. Wnt induces LRP6 signalosomes and promotes dishevelled-dependent LRP6 phosphorylation. Science 316, 1619\u20131622 (2007).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2008.01.009","volume":"20","author":"H Huang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Huang, H. & He, X. Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling: new (and old) players and new insights. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 20, 119\u2013125 (2008).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Cell Biol."},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1093\/embo-reports\/kvf181","volume":"3","author":"BR Henderson","year":"2002","unstructured":"Henderson, B. R. & Fagotto, F. The ins and outs of APC and \u03b2-catenin nuclear transport. EMBO Rep. 3, 834\u2013839 (2002).","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80352-9","volume":"90","author":"AH Huber","year":"1997","unstructured":"Huber, A. H., Nelson, W. J. & Weis, W. I. Three-dimensional structure of the armadillo repeat region of \u03b2-catenin. Cell 90, 871\u2013882 (1997).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.str.2007.12.021","volume":"16","author":"Y Xing","year":"2008","unstructured":"Xing, Y. et al. Crystal structure of a full-length \u03b2-catenin. Structure 16, 478\u2013487 (2008).","journal-title":"Structure"},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.134.5.1283","volume":"134","author":"S Orsulic","year":"1996","unstructured":"Orsulic, S. & Peifer, M. An in vivo structure\u2013function study of armadillo, the \u03b2-catenin homologue, reveals both separate and overlapping regions of the protein required for cell adhesion and for wingless signaling. J. Cell Biol. 134, 1283\u20131300 (1996). A seminal structure\u2013function study carried out in D. melanogaster that yielded far-reaching insights into the function of \u03b2-catenin.","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)00192-6","volume":"103","author":"TA Graham","year":"2000","unstructured":"Graham, T. A., Weaver, C., Mao, F., Kimelman, D. & Xu, W. Crystal structure of a \u03b2-catenin\/Tcf complex. Cell 103, 885\u2013896 (2000).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(01)00330-0","volume":"105","author":"AH Huber","year":"2001","unstructured":"Huber, A. H. & Weis, W. I. The structure of the \u03b2-catenin\/E-cadherin complex and the molecular basis of diverse ligand recognition by \u03b2-catenin. Cell 105, 391\u2013402 (2001).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2359","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.11.18.2359","volume":"11","author":"M Brannon","year":"1997","unstructured":"Brannon, M., Gomperts, M., Sumoy, L., Moon, R. T. & Kimelman, D. A \u03b2-catenin\/XTcf-3 complex binds to the siamois promoter to regulate dorsal axis specification in Xenopus. Genes Dev. 11, 2359\u20132370 (1997).","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1038\/26982","volume":"395","author":"RA Cavallo","year":"1998","unstructured":"Cavallo, R. A. et al. Drosophila Tcf and Groucho interact to repress Wingless signalling activity. Nature 395, 604\u2013608 (1998).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1038\/26989","volume":"395","author":"J Roose","year":"1998","unstructured":"Roose, J. et al. The Xenopus Wnt effector XTcf-3 interacts with Groucho-related transcriptional repressors. Nature 395, 608\u2013612 (1998).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/29.7.1410","volume":"29","author":"H Brantjes","year":"2001","unstructured":"Brantjes, H., Roose, J., van De Wetering, M. & Clevers, H. All Tcf HMG box transcription factors interact with Groucho-related co-repressors. Nucleic Acids Res. 29, 1410\u20131419 (2001).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2786","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.939601","volume":"15","author":"AJ Courey","year":"2001","unstructured":"Courey, A. J. & Jia, S. Transcriptional repression: the long and the short of it. Genes Dev. 15, 2786\u20132796 (2001).","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2735","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7601153","volume":"25","author":"M Fang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fang, M. et al. C-terminal-binding protein directly activates and represses Wnt transcriptional targets in Drosophila. EMBO J. 25, 2735\u20132745 (2006).","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb912","volume":"12","author":"DL Daniels","year":"2005","unstructured":"Daniels, D. L. & Weis, W. I. \u03b2-catenin directly displaces Groucho\/TLE repressors from Tcf\/Lef in Wnt-mediated transcription activation. Nature Struct. Mol. Biol. 12, 364\u2013371 (2005).","journal-title":"Nature Struct. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2284","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7601667","volume":"26","author":"J Li","year":"2007","unstructured":"Li, J. et al. CBP\/p300 are bimodal regulators of Wnt signaling. EMBO J. 26, 2284\u20132294 (2007).","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.01230-07","volume":"28","author":"DS Parker","year":"2008","unstructured":"Parker, D. S., Ni, Y. Y., Chang, J. L., Li, J. & Cadigan, K. M. Wingless signaling induces widespread chromatin remodeling of target loci. Mol. Cell Biol. 28, 1815\u20131828 (2008).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18017","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.25.18017","volume":"274","author":"A Hecht","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hecht, A., Litterst, C. M., Huber, O. & Kemler, R. Functional characterization of multiple transactivating elements in \u03b2-catenin, some of which interact with the TATA-binding protein in vitro. J. Biol. Chem. 274, 18017\u201318025 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3342","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.946501","volume":"15","author":"AV Tutter","year":"2001","unstructured":"Tutter, A. V., Fryer, C. J. & Jones, K. A. Chromatin-specific regulation of LEF-1-\u03b2-catenin transcription activation and inhibition in vitro. Genes Dev. 15, 3342\u20133354 (2001).","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1093\/embo-reports\/kvf053","volume":"3","author":"A Eberharter","year":"2002","unstructured":"Eberharter, A. & Becker, P. B. Histone acetylation: a switch between repressive and permissive chromatin. EMBO Rep. 3, 224\u2013229 (2002).","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(02)00654-2","volume":"108","author":"GJ Narlikar","year":"2002","unstructured":"Narlikar, G. J., Fan, H. Y. & Kingston, R. E. Cooperation between complexes that regulate chromatin structure and transcription. Cell 108, 475\u2013487 (2002). An extensive review that discusses histone acetylation and remodelling complexes, their interplay and their sequential recruitment to activated genes.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/19.8.1839","volume":"19","author":"A Hecht","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hecht, A., Vleminckx, K., Stemmler, M. P., van Roy, F. & Kemler, R. The p300\/CBP acetyltransferases function as transcriptional coactivators of \u03b2-catenin in vertebrates. EMBO J. 19, 1839\u20131850 (2000).","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.149.2.249","volume":"149","author":"KI Takemaru","year":"2000","unstructured":"Takemaru, K. I. & Moon, R. T. The transcriptional coactivator CBP interacts with \u03b2-catenin to activate gene expression. J. Cell Biol. 149, 249\u2013254 (2000).","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3619","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1208433","volume":"24","author":"H Ma","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ma, H., Nguyen, C., Lee, K. S. & Kahn, M. Differential roles for the coactivators CBP and p300 on TCF\/\u03b2-catenin-mediated survivin gene expression. Oncogene 24, 3619\u20133631 (2005).","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5668","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0701331104","volume":"104","author":"T Miyabayashi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Miyabayashi, T. et al. Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin\/CBP signaling maintains long-term murine embryonic stem cell pluripotency. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 104, 5668\u20135673 (2007).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1385806","volume":"20","author":"J Sierra","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sierra, J., Yoshida, T., Joazeiro, C. A. & Jones, K. A. The APC tumor suppressor counteracts \u03b2-catenin activation and H3K4 methylation at Wnt target genes. Genes Dev. 20, 586\u2013600 (2006). One of the first studies to apply time-course ChIP analysis to study the dynamics at a WRE.","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gde.2004.02.009","volume":"14","author":"Y Doyon","year":"2004","unstructured":"Doyon, Y. & Cote, J. The highly conserved and multifunctional NuA4 HAT complex. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 14, 147\u2013154 (2004).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev."},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1966","volume":"39","author":"ND Heintzman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Heintzman, N. D. et al. Distinct and predictive chromatin signatures of transcriptional promoters and enhancers in the human genome. Nature Genet. 39, 311\u2013318 (2007).","journal-title":"Nature Genet."},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(92)90129-Z","volume":"69","author":"K Giese","year":"1992","unstructured":"Giese, K., Cox, J. & Grosschedl, R. The HMG domain of lymphoid enhancer factor 1 bends DNA and facilitates assembly of functional nucleoprotein structures. Cell 69, 185\u2013195 (1992).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1038\/376791a0","volume":"376","author":"JJ Love","year":"1995","unstructured":"Love, J. J. et al. Structural basis for DNA bending by the architectural transcription factor LEF-1. Nature 376, 791\u2013795 (1995).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2732","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.02175-07","volume":"28","author":"P Hatzis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hatzis, P. et al. Genome-wide pattern of TCF7L2\/TCF4 chromatin occupancy in colorectal cancer cells. Mol. Cell Biol. 28, 2732\u20132744 (2008). Information on TCF occupancy on a genomic level, such as binding site distribution at target gene loci and their structure.","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2008.04.001","volume":"33","author":"J Zlatanova","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zlatanova, J., Seebart, C. & Tomschik, M. The linker-protein network: control of nucleosomal DNA accessibility. Trends Biochem. Sci. 33, 247\u2013253 (2008).","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gde.2008.01.007","volume":"18","author":"LR Racki","year":"2008","unstructured":"Racki, L. R. & Narlikar, G. J. ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling enzymes: two heads are not better, just different. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 18, 137\u2013144 (2008).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev."},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2007.05.010","volume":"23","author":"CS Kwon","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kwon, C. S. & Wagner, D. Unwinding chromatin for development and growth: a few genes at a time. Trends Genet. 23, 403\u2013412 (2007).","journal-title":"Trends Genet."},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/20.1.137","volume":"20","author":"L Waltzer","year":"2001","unstructured":"Waltzer, L., Vandel, L. & Bienz, M. Teashirt is required for transcriptional repression mediated by high Wingless levels. EMBO J. 20, 137\u2013145 (2001).","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(00)80430-X","volume":"5","author":"R Deuring","year":"2000","unstructured":"Deuring, R. et al. The ISWI chromatin-remodeling protein is required for gene expression and the maintenance of higher order chromatin structure in vivo. Mol. Cell 5, 355\u2013365 (2000).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1139\/o05-115","volume":"83","author":"CN Johnson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Johnson, C. N., Adkins, N. L. & Georgel, P. Chromatin remodeling complexes: ATP-dependent machines in action. Biochem. Cell Biol. 83, 405\u2013417 (2005).","journal-title":"Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2008.08.011","volume":"323","author":"YI Liu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Liu, Y. I. et al. The chromatin remodelers ISWI and ACF1 directly repress Wingless transcriptional targets. Dev. Biol. 323, 41\u201352 (2008).","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2008.03.019","volume":"20","author":"A Shilatifard","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shilatifard, A. Molecular implementation and physiological roles for histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methylation. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 20, 341\u2013348 (2008).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Cell Biol."},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14765","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0503630102","volume":"102","author":"TA Milne","year":"2005","unstructured":"Milne, T. A. et al. MLL associates specifically with a subset of transcriptionally active target genes. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 102, 14765\u201314770 (2005).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14481","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0507401102","volume":"102","author":"RK Slany","year":"2005","unstructured":"Slany, R. K. Chromatin control of gene expression: mixed-lineage leukemia methyltransferase SETs the stage for transcription. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 102, 14481\u201314482 (2005).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.75.103004.142422","volume":"75","author":"A Shilatifard","year":"2006","unstructured":"Shilatifard, A. Chromatin modifications by methylation and ubiquitination: implications in the regulation of gene expression. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 75, 243\u2013269 (2006). A good introduction to the mechanisms that underlie histone ubiquitylation and methylation, chromatin modification crosstalk and the catalysing protein complexes.","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biochem."},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2004.11.020","volume":"8","author":"S Bray","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bray, S., Musisi, H. & Bienz, M. Bre1 is required for Notch signaling and histone modification. Dev. Cell 8, 279\u2013286 (2005).","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.01.053","volume":"125","author":"C Mosimann","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mosimann, C., Hausmann, G. & Basler, K. Parafibromin\/Hyrax activates Wnt\/Wg target gene transcription by direct association with \u03b2-catenin\/Armadillo. Cell 125, 327\u2013341 (2006).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6176","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1210445","volume":"26","author":"T Iwata","year":"2007","unstructured":"Iwata, T., Mizusawa, N., Taketani, Y., Itakura, M. & Yoshimoto, K. Parafibromin tumor suppressor enhances cell growth in the cells expressing SV40 large T antigen. Oncogene 26, 6176\u20136183 (2007).","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2006.09.001","volume":"24","author":"J Sampietro","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sampietro, J. et al. Crystal structure of a \u03b2-catenin\/BCL9\/Tcf4 complex. Mol. Cell 24, 293\u2013300 (2006).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb786","volume":"4","author":"B Thompson","year":"2002","unstructured":"Thompson, B., Townsley, F., Rosin-Arbesfeld, R., Musisi, H. & Bienz, M. A new nuclear component of the Wnt signalling pathway. Nature Cell Biol. 4, 367\u2013373 (2002).","journal-title":"Nature Cell Biol."},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2565","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.129.11.2565","volume":"129","author":"DS Parker","year":"2002","unstructured":"Parker, D. S., Jemison, J. & Cadigan, K. M. Pygopus, a nuclear PHD-finger protein required for Wingless signaling in Drosophila. Development 129, 2565\u20132576 (2002).","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4089","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.129.17.4089","volume":"129","author":"TY Belenkaya","year":"2002","unstructured":"Belenkaya, T. Y. et al. pygopus encodes a nuclear protein essential for wingless\/Wnt signaling. Development 129, 4089\u20134101 (2002).","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(02)00679-7","volume":"109","author":"T Kramps","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kramps, T. et al. Wnt\/wingless signaling requires BCL9\/legless-mediated recruitment of pygopus to the nuclear \u03b2-catenin\u2013TCF complex. Cell 109, 47\u201360 (2002).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2225","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.317604","volume":"18","author":"FH Brembeck","year":"2004","unstructured":"Brembeck, F. H. et al. Essential role of BCL9-2 in the switch between \u03b2-catenin's adhesive and transcriptional functions. Genes Dev. 18, 2225\u20132230 (2004).","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3526","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.01986-07","volume":"28","author":"C Sustmann","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sustmann, C., Flach, H., Ebert, H., Eastman, Q. & Grosschedl, R. Cell-type-specific function of BCL9 involves a transcriptional activation domain that synergizes with \u03b2-catenin. Mol. Cell. Biol. 28, 3526\u20133537 (2008).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1002\/dvg.20299","volume":"45","author":"B Li","year":"2007","unstructured":"Li, B. et al. Developmental phenotypes and reduced Wnt signaling in mice deficient for pygopus 2. Genesis 45, 318\u2013325 (2007).","journal-title":"Genesis"},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7007-5-15","volume":"5","author":"KR Schwab","year":"2007","unstructured":"Schwab, K. R. et al. Pygo1 and Pygo2 roles in Wnt signaling in mammalian kidney development. BMC Biol. 5, 15 (2007).","journal-title":"BMC Biol."},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.001495","volume":"134","author":"N Song","year":"2007","unstructured":"Song, N. et al. pygopus 2 has a crucial, Wnt pathway-independent function in lens induction. Development 134, 1873\u20131885 (2007).","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2008.05.553","volume":"320","author":"M Nair","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nair, M. et al. Nuclear regulator Pygo2 controls spermiogenesis and histone H3 acetylation. Dev. Biol. 320, 446\u2013455 (2008). References 56\u201359 describe the long-awaited and surprisingly mild loss-of 2011 function phenotypes of mammalian Pygo proteins.","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2007.04.037","volume":"370","author":"Y Nakamura","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nakamura, Y. et al. Crystal structure analysis of the PHD domain of the transcription co-activator Pygopus. J. Mol. Biol. 370, 80\u201392 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2007.01.063","volume":"17","author":"M de la Roche","year":"2007","unstructured":"de la Roche, M. & Bienz, M. Wingless-independent association of Pygopus with dTCF target genes. Curr. Biol. 17, 556\u2013561 (2007).","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1141","volume":"6","author":"FM Townsley","year":"2004","unstructured":"Townsley, F. M., Cliffe, A. & Bienz, M. Pygopus and Legless target Armadillo\/\u03b2-catenin to the nucleus to enable its transcriptional co-activator function. Nature Cell Biol. 6, 626\u2013633 (2004).","journal-title":"Nature Cell Biol."},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2005.05.054","volume":"15","author":"R Hoffmans","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hoffmans, R., St\u00e4deli, R. & Basler, K. Pygopus and legless provide essential transcriptional coactivator functions to armadillo\/\u03b2-catenin. Curr. Biol. 15, 1207\u20131211 (2005).","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc2211","volume":"7","author":"KA Green","year":"2007","unstructured":"Green, K. A. & Carroll, J. S. Oestrogen-receptor-mediated transcription and the influence of co-factors and chromatin state. Nature Rev. Cancer 7, 713\u2013722 (2007).","journal-title":"Nature Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1684","volume":"10","author":"J Li","year":"2008","unstructured":"Li, J. & Wang, C. Y. TBL1\u2013TBLR1 and \u03b2-catenin recruit each other to Wnt target-gene promoter for transcription activation and oncogenesis. Nature Cell Biol. 10, 160\u2013169 (2008).","journal-title":"Nature Cell Biol."},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.06.028","volume":"126","author":"J Mellor","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mellor, J. It takes a PHD to read the histone code. Cell 126, 22\u201324 (2006).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2005.11.001","volume":"31","author":"M Bienz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bienz, M. The PHD finger, a nuclear protein-interaction domain. Trends Biochem. Sci. 31, 35\u201340 (2006).","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2008.03.011","volume":"30","author":"M Fiedler","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fiedler, M. et al. Decoding of methylated histone H3 tail by the Pygo\u2013BCL9 Wnt signaling complex. Mol. Cell 30, 507\u2013518 (2008). Seminal study of the Pygo PHD structure, which implicates, for the first time, this particular domain in histone H3 binding.","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3667","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.00734","volume":"116","author":"BA Lewis","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lewis, B. A. & Reinberg, D. The mediator coactivator complex: functional and physical roles in transcriptional regulation. J. Cell Sci. 116, 3667\u20133675 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2005.03.011","volume":"30","author":"RD Kornberg","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kornberg, R. D. Mediator and the mechanism of transcriptional activation. Trends Biochem. Sci. 30, 235\u2013239 (2005).","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2005.03.009","volume":"30","author":"S Malik","year":"2005","unstructured":"Malik, S. & Roeder, R. G. Dynamic regulation of pol II transcription by the mammalian Mediator complex. Trends Biochem. Sci. 30, 256\u2013263 (2005).","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14066","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M602696200","volume":"281","author":"S Kim","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kim, S., Xu, X., Hecht, A. & Boyer, T. G. Mediator is a transducer of Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling. J. Biol. Chem. 281, 14066\u201314075 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2006.11.034","volume":"303","author":"X Lin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lin, X., Rinaldo, L., Fazly, A. F. & Xu, X. Depletion of Med10 enhances Wnt and suppresses Nodal signaling during zebrafish embryogenesis. Dev. Biol. 303, 536\u2013548 (2007).","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6644","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0709749105","volume":"105","author":"I Carrera","year":"2008","unstructured":"Carrera, I., Janody, F., Leeds, N., Duveau, F. & Treisman, J. E. Pygopus activates Wingless target gene transcription through the mediator complex subunits Med12 and Med13. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 105, 6644\u20136649 (2008).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mod.2005.07.004","volume":"122","author":"R St\u00e4deli","year":"2005","unstructured":"St\u00e4deli, R. & Basler, K. Dissecting nuclear Wingless signalling: recruitment of the transcriptional co-activator Pygopus by a chain of adaptor proteins. Mech. Dev. 122, 1171\u20131182 (2005).","journal-title":"Mech. Dev."},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14787","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.25.14787","volume":"95","author":"A Bauer","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bauer, A., Huber, O. & Kemler, R. Pontin52, an interaction partner of \u03b2-catenin, binds to the TATA box binding protein. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 95, 14787\u201314792 (1998).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR77","first-page":"8726","volume":"63","author":"Y Feng","year":"2003","unstructured":"Feng, Y., Lee, N. & Fearon, E. R. TIP49 regulates \u03b2-catenin-mediated neoplastic transformation and T-cell factor target gene induction via effects on chromatin remodeling. Cancer Res. 63, 8726\u20138734 (2003).","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03452","volume":"434","author":"JH Kim","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kim, J. H. et al. Transcriptional regulation of a metastasis suppressor gene by Tip60 and \u03b2-catenin complexes. Nature 434, 921\u2013926 (2005).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8829","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.23.23.8829-9945.2003","volume":"23","author":"S Yoon","year":"2003","unstructured":"Yoon, S., Qiu, H., Swanson, M. J. & Hinnebusch, A. G. Recruitment of SWI\/SNF by Gcn4p does not require Snf2p or Gcn5p but depends strongly on SWI\/SNF integrity, SRB mediator, and SAGA. Mol. Cell. Biol. 23, 8829\u20138845 (2003).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2004.12.007","volume":"579","author":"RG Roeder","year":"2005","unstructured":"Roeder, R. G. Transcriptional regulation and the role of diverse coactivators in animal cells. FEBS Lett. 579, 909\u2013915 (2005). A comprehensive review of how transcription factors use their auxiliary cofactors to achieve transcriptional activation.","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(01)00090-2","volume":"11","author":"CJ Fry","year":"2001","unstructured":"Fry, C. J. & Peterson, C. L. Chromatin remodeling enzymes: who's on first? Curr. Biol. 11, R185\u2013R197 (2001).","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1038\/35001602","volume":"403","author":"M Nishita","year":"2000","unstructured":"Nishita, M. et al. Interaction between Wnt and TGF-\u03b2 signalling pathways during formation of Spemann's organizer. Nature 403, 781\u2013785 (2000).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR83","first-page":"1436","volume":"27","author":"TA Blauwkamp","year":"2008","unstructured":"Blauwkamp, T. A., Chang, M. V. & Cadigan, K. M. Novel TCF-binding sites specify transcriptional repression by Wnt signalling. EMBO J. 27, 1436\u20131446 (2008).","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11336","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111962200","volume":"277","author":"F Yang","year":"2002","unstructured":"Yang, F. et al. Linking \u03b2-catenin to androgen-signaling pathway. J. Biol. Chem. 277, 11336\u201311344 (2002).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3069","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.01176","volume":"131","author":"D Sinner","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sinner, D., Rankin, S., Lee, M. & Zorn, A. M. Sox17 and \u03b2-catenin cooperate to regulate the transcription of endodermal genes. Development 131, 3069\u20133080 (2004).","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1093\/embo-reports\/kvd117","volume":"1","author":"KL Neufeld","year":"2000","unstructured":"Neufeld, K. L., Zhang, F., Cullen, B. R. & White, R. L. APC-mediated downregulation of \u03b2-catenin activity involves nuclear sequestration and nuclear export. EMBO Rep. 1, 519\u2013523 (2000).","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2882","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0307344101","volume":"101","author":"F Cong","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cong, F. & Varmus, H. Nuclear\u2013cytoplasmic shuttling of Axin regulates subcellular localization of \u03b2-catenin. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 101, 2882\u20132887 (2004).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3894","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00322-08","volume":"28","author":"BA Thompson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Thompson, B. A., Tremblay, V., Lin, G. & Bochar, D. A. CHD8 is an ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling factor that regulates \u03b2-catenin target genes. Mol. Cell. Biol. 28, 3894\u20133904 (2008).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19324","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0806098105","volume":"105","author":"J Mieszczanek","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mieszczanek, J., de la Roche, M. & Bienz, M. A role of Pygopus as an anti-repressor in facilitating Wnt-dependent transcription. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 105, 19324\u201319329 (2008).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2006.09.034","volume":"16","author":"S Wang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wang, S. & Jones, K. A. CK2 controls the recruitment of Wnt regulators to target genes in vivo. Curr. Biol. 16, 2239\u20132244 (2006).","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1424006","volume":"20","author":"K Willert","year":"2006","unstructured":"Willert, K. & Jones, K. A. Wnt signaling: is the party in the nucleus? Genes Dev. 20, 1394\u20131404 (2006).","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR92","first-page":"6979","volume":"22","author":"NJ Krogan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Krogan, N. J. et al. RNA polymerase II elongation factors of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: a targeted proteomics approach. Mol. Cell. Biol. 22, 6979\u20136992 (2002).","journal-title":"Biol."},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4935","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/20.17.4935","volume":"20","author":"N Barker","year":"2001","unstructured":"Barker, N. et al. The chromatin remodelling factor Brg-1 interacts with \u03b2-catenin to promote target gene activation. EMBO J. 20, 4935\u20134943 (2001).","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1002\/bip.20608","volume":"84","author":"DC Fry","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fry, D. C. Protein\u2013protein interactions as targets for small molecule drug discovery. Biopolymers 84, 535\u2013552 (2006).","journal-title":"Biopolymers"},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR95","first-page":"ra12","volume":"1","author":"MB Major","year":"2008","unstructured":"Major, M. B. et al. New regulators of Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling revealed by integrative molecular screening. Sci. Signal. 1, ra12 (2008).","journal-title":"Sci. Signal."},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1991.tb07928.x","volume":"10","author":"M van de Wetering","year":"1991","unstructured":"van de Wetering, M., Oosterwegel, M., Dooijes, D. & Clevers, H. Identification and cloning of TCF-1, a T lymphocyte-specific transcription factor containing a sequence-specific HMG box. EMBO J. 10, 123\u2013132 (1991).","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1784","DOI":"10.1126\/science.275.5307.1784","volume":"275","author":"V Korinek","year":"1997","unstructured":"Korinek, V. et al. Constitutive transcriptional activation by a \u03b2-catenin\u2013Tcf complex in APC\u2212\/\u2212 colon carcinoma. Science 275, 1784\u20131787 (1997).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7505","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1210057","volume":"25","author":"S Barolo","year":"2006","unstructured":"Barolo, S. Transgenic Wnt\/TCF pathway reporters: all you need is Lef? Oncogene 25, 7505\u20137511 (2006). Discusses the fidelity and quality of the various transgenic Wnt\u2013\u03b2-catenin\u2013TCF reporters and compares their in vivo transcriptional responses with those of natural Wnt target genes.","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28463","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M500191200","volume":"280","author":"OJ Sansom","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sansom, O. J. et al. Cyclin D1 is not an immediate target of \u03b2-catenin following Apc loss in the intestine. J. Biol. Chem. 280, 28463\u201328467 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BFnrm2654_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.22.4.1172-1183.2002","volume":"22","author":"EH Jho","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jho, E. H. et al. Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin\/Tcf signaling induces the transcription of Axin2, a negative regulator of the signaling pathway. Mol. Cell. Biol. 22, 1172\u20131183 (2002).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."}],"container-title":["Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrm2654.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrm2654","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrm2654.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]],"date-time":"2023-05-24T15:20:22Z","timestamp":1684941622000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrm2654"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]},"references-count":100,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]}},"alternative-id":["BFnrm2654"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrm2654","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-0072","1471-0080"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-0072","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-0080","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]}}}