{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T18:28:58Z","timestamp":1776882538101,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,1]],"date-time":"2007-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1193875200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Struct Mol Biol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb1315","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,5]],"date-time":"2007-11-05T18:49:45Z","timestamp":1194288585000},"page":"1041-1048","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":196,"title":["Transcription and RNAi in heterochromatic gene silencing"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Marc","family":"B\u00fchler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Danesh","family":"Moazed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR1","first-page":"762","volume":"69","author":"E Heitz","year":"1928","unstructured":"Heitz, E. Das heterochromatin der moose. I. Jahrb. Wiss. Botanik 69, 762\u2013818 (1928).","journal-title":"I. Jahrb. Wiss. Botanik"},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02984195","volume":"22","author":"HJ Muller","year":"1930","unstructured":"Muller, H.J. Types of visible variations induced by X-rays in Drosophila. J. Genet. 22, 299\u2013334 (1930).","journal-title":"J. Genet."},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(02)00644-X","volume":"108","author":"EJ Richards","year":"2002","unstructured":"Richards, E.J. & Elgin, S.C. Epigenetic codes for heterochromatin formation and silencing: rounding up the usual suspects. Cell 108, 489\u2013500 (2002).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1086887","volume":"301","author":"SI Grewal","year":"2003","unstructured":"Grewal, S.I. & Moazed, D. Heterochromatin and epigenetic control of gene expression. Science 301, 798\u2013802 (2003).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(01)00340-9","volume":"8","author":"D Moazed","year":"2001","unstructured":"Moazed, D. Common themes in mechanisms of gene silencing. Mol. Cell 8, 489\u2013498 (2001).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.1.263","volume":"88","author":"R Paro","year":"1991","unstructured":"Paro, R. & Hogness, D.S. The Polycomb protein shares a homologous domain with a heterochromatin-associated protein of Drosophila. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 263\u2013267 (1991).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.genet.38.072902.091907","volume":"38","author":"L Ringrose","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ringrose, L. & Paro, R. Epigenetic regulation of cellular memory by the Polycomb and Trithorax group proteins. Annu. Rev. Genet. 38, 413\u2013443 (2004).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81958-3","volume":"98","author":"RD Kornberg","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kornberg, R.D. & Lorch, Y. Twenty-five years of the nucleosome, fundamental particle of the eukaryote chromosome. Cell 98, 285\u2013294 (1999).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1038\/38444","volume":"389","author":"K Luger","year":"1997","unstructured":"Luger, K., Mader, A.W., Richmond, R.K., Sargent, D.F. & Richmond, T.J. Crystal structure of the nucleosome core particle at 2.8 \u00c5 resolution. Nature 389, 251\u2013260 (1997).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1063127","volume":"293","author":"T Jenuwein","year":"2001","unstructured":"Jenuwein, T. & Allis, C.D. Translating the histone code. Science 293, 1074\u20131080 (2001).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1833","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1074973","volume":"297","author":"TA Volpe","year":"2002","unstructured":"Volpe, T.A. et al. Regulation of heterochromatic silencing and histone H3 lysine-9 methylation by RNAi. Science 297, 1833\u20131837 (2002).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1155","volume":"6","author":"T Fukagawa","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fukagawa, T. et al. Dicer is essential for formation of the heterochromatin structure in vertebrate cells. Nat. Cell Biol. 6, 784\u2013791 (2004).","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1248505","volume":"19","author":"C Kanellopoulou","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kanellopoulou, C. et al. Dicer-deficient mouse embryonic stem cells are defective in differentiation and centromeric silencing. Genes Dev. 19, 489\u2013501 (2005).","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1093686","volume":"303","author":"A Verdel","year":"2004","unstructured":"Verdel, A. et al. RNAi-mediated targeting of heterochromatin by the RITS complex. Science 303, 672\u2013676 (2004).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2004.11.034","volume":"119","author":"MR Motamedi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Motamedi, M.R. et al. Two RNAi complexes, RITS and RDRC, physically interact and localize to noncoding centromeric RNAs. Cell 119, 789\u2013802 (2004).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1101\/sqb.2006.71.044","volume":"71","author":"D Moazed","year":"2006","unstructured":"Moazed, D. et al. Studies on the mechanism of RNAi-dependent heterochromatin assembly. Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol. 71, 461\u2013471 (2006).","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol."},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02874","volume":"431","author":"D Baulcombe","year":"2004","unstructured":"Baulcombe, D. RNA silencing in plants. Nature 431, 356\u2013363 (2004).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05917","volume":"447","author":"IR Henderson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Henderson, I.R. & Jacobsen, S.E. Epigenetic inheritance in plants. Nature 447, 418\u2013424 (2007).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02107","volume":"426","author":"T Sijen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sijen, T. & Plasterk, R.H. Transposon silencing in the Caenorhabditis elegans germ line by natural RNAi. Nature 426, 310\u2013314 (2003).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1247705","volume":"19","author":"A Grishok","year":"2005","unstructured":"Grishok, A., Sinskey, J.L. & Sharp, P.A. Transcriptional silencing of a transgene by RNAi in the soma of C. elegans. Genes Dev. 19, 683\u2013696 (2005).","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1092653","volume":"303","author":"M Pal-Bhadra","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pal-Bhadra, M. et al. Heterochromatic silencing and HP1 localization in Drosophila are dependent on the RNAi machinery. Science 303, 669\u2013672 (2004).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1324305","volume":"19","author":"E Bernstein","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bernstein, E. & Allis, C.D. RNA meets chromatin. Genes Dev. 19, 1635\u20131655 (2005).","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.03.038","volume":"129","author":"M Buhler","year":"2007","unstructured":"Buhler, M., Haas, W., Gygi, S.P. & Moazed, D. RNAi-dependent and -independent RNA turnover mechanisms contribute to heterochromatic gene silencing. Cell 129, 707\u2013721 (2007).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.02.005","volume":"128","author":"T Kouzarides","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kouzarides, T. Chromatin modifications and their function. Cell 128, 693\u2013705 (2007).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1075","volume":"4","author":"SK Kurdistani","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kurdistani, S.K. & Grunstein, M. Histone acetylation and deacetylation in yeast. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 4, 276\u2013284 (2003).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1038\/35065138","volume":"410","author":"AJ Bannister","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bannister, A.J. et al. Selective recognition of methylated lysine 9 on histone H3 by the HP1 chromo domain. Nature 410, 120\u2013124 (2001).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1038\/35065132","volume":"410","author":"M Lachner","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lachner, M., O'Carroll, D., Rea, S., Mechtler, K. & Jenuwein, T. Methylation of histone H3 lysine 9 creates a binding site for HP1 proteins. Nature 410, 116\u2013120 (2001).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.75.103004.142422","volume":"75","author":"A Shilatifard","year":"2006","unstructured":"Shilatifard, A. Chromatin Modifications by Methylation and Ubiquitination: Implications in the Regulation of Gene Expression. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 75, 243\u2013269 (2006).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biochem."},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(02)00335-6","volume":"14","author":"M Lachner","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lachner, M. & Jenuwein, T. The many faces of histone lysine methylation. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 14, 286\u2013298 (2002).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Cell Biol."},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/S0962-8924(01)02001-3","volume":"11","author":"T Jenuwein","year":"2001","unstructured":"Jenuwein, T. Re-SET-ting heterochromatin by histone methyltransferases. Trends Cell Biol. 11, 266\u2013273 (2001).","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(03)00477-5","volume":"12","author":"AH Peters","year":"2003","unstructured":"Peters, A.H. et al. Partitioning and plasticity of repressive histone methylation states in mammalian chromatin. Mol. Cell 12, 1577\u20131589 (2003).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(03)00479-9","volume":"12","author":"JC Rice","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rice, J.C. et al. Histone methyltransferases direct different degrees of methylation to define distinct chromatin domains. Mol. Cell 12, 1591\u20131598 (2003).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR33","first-page":"170","volume":"50","author":"TC James","year":"1989","unstructured":"James, T.C. et al. Distribution patterns of HP1, a heterochromatin-associated nonhistone chromosomal protein of Drosophila. Eur. J. Cell Biol. 50, 170\u2013180 (1989).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/21.5.1121","volume":"21","author":"G Schotta","year":"2002","unstructured":"Schotta, G. et al. Central role of Drosophila SU(VAR)3\u20139 in histone H3\u2013K9 methylation and heterochromatic gene silencing. EMBO J. 21, 1121\u20131131 (2002).","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1060118","volume":"292","author":"J Nakayama","year":"2001","unstructured":"Nakayama, J., Rice, J.C., Strahl, B.D., Allis, C.D. & Grewal, S.I. Role of histone H3 lysine 9 methylation in epigenetic control of heterochromatin assembly. Science 292, 110\u2013113 (2001).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1038\/35020506","volume":"406","author":"S Rea","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rea, S. et al. Regulation of chromatin structure by site-specific histone H3 methyltransferases. Nature 406, 593\u2013599 (2000).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3728","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.20.10.3728-3741.2000","volume":"20","author":"M Melcher","year":"2000","unstructured":"Melcher, M. et al. Structure-function analysis of SUV39H1 reveals a dominant role in heterochromatin organization, chromosome segregation, and mitotic progression. Mol. Cell. Biol. 20, 3728\u20133741 (2000).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2003.09.031","volume":"13","author":"BG Mellone","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mellone, B.G. et al. Centromere silencing and function in fission yeast is governed by the amino terminus of histone H3. Curr. Biol. 13, 1748\u20131757 (2003).","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1038\/35087620","volume":"412","author":"SJ Nielsen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Nielsen, S.J. et al. Rb targets histone H3 methylation and HP1 to promoters. Nature 412, 561\u2013565 (2001).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2005.06.011","volume":"19","author":"CR Vakoc","year":"2005","unstructured":"Vakoc, C.R., Mandat, S.A., Olenchock, B.A. & Blobel, G.A. Histone H3 lysine 9 methylation and HP1gamma are associated with transcription elongation through mammalian chromatin. Mol. Cell 19, 381\u2013391 (2005).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e38","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.0030038","volume":"3","author":"E de Wit","year":"2007","unstructured":"de Wit, E., Greil, F. & van Steensel, B. High-resolution mapping reveals links of HP1 with active and inactive chromatin components. PLoS Genet. 3, e38 (2007).","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1108625","volume":"308","author":"J Cheng","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cheng, J. et al. Transcriptional maps of 10 human chromosomes at 5-nucleotide resolution. Science 308, 1149\u20131154 (2005).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1101\/sqb.2006.71.068","volume":"71","author":"AT Willingham","year":"2006","unstructured":"Willingham, A.T. et al. Transcriptional landscape of the human and fly genomes: nonlinear and multifunctional modular model of transcriptomes. Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol. 71, 101\u2013110 (2006).","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol."},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1038\/35088090","volume":"412","author":"A Breiling","year":"2001","unstructured":"Breiling, A., Turner, B.M., Bianchi, M.E. & Orlando, V. General transcription factors bind promoters repressed by Polycomb group proteins. Nature 412, 651\u2013655 (2001).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(04)00128-5","volume":"13","author":"GI Dellino","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dellino, G.I. et al. Polycomb silencing blocks transcription initiation. Mol. Cell 13, 887\u2013893 (2004).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.05.042","volume":"130","author":"MG Guenther","year":"2007","unstructured":"Guenther, M.G., Levine, S.S., Boyer, L.A., Jaenisch, R. & Young, R.A. A chromatin landmark and transcription initiation at most promoters in human cells. Cell 130, 77\u201388 (2007).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2005.04.013","volume":"18","author":"V Pirrotta","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pirrotta, V. & Gross, D.S. Epigenetic silencing mechanisms in budding yeast and fruit fly: different paths, same destinations. Mol. Cell 18, 395\u2013398 (2005).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2006.10.023","volume":"24","author":"EJ Steinmetz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Steinmetz, E.J. et al. Genome-wide distribution of yeast RNA polymerase II and its control by Sen1 helicase. Mol. Cell 24, 735\u2013746 (2006).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2005.04.030","volume":"121","author":"F Wyers","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wyers, F. et al. Cryptic pol II transcripts are degraded by a nuclear quality control pathway involving a new poly(A) polymerase. Cell 121, 725\u2013737 (2005).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3262","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0507783103","volume":"103","author":"CA Davis","year":"2006","unstructured":"Davis, C.A. & Ares, M., Jr. Accumulation of unstable promoter-associated transcripts upon loss of the nuclear exosome subunit Rrp6p in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103, 3262\u20133267 (2006).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.04.025","volume":"125","author":"M Buhler","year":"2006","unstructured":"Buhler, M., Verdel, A. & Moazed, D. Tethering RITS to a nascent transcript initiates RNAi- and heterochromatin-dependent gene silencing. Cell 125, 873\u2013886 (2006).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2301","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.344205","volume":"19","author":"I Djupedal","year":"2005","unstructured":"Djupedal, I. et al. RNA Pol II subunit Rpb7 promotes centromeric transcription and RNAi-directed chromatin silencing. Genes Dev. 19, 2301\u20132306 (2005).","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1114955","volume":"309","author":"H Kato","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kato, H. et al. RNA polymerase II is required for RNAi-dependent heterochromatin assembly. Science 309, 467\u2013469 (2005).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.12.035","volume":"128","author":"T Sugiyama","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sugiyama, T. et al. SHREC, an effector complex for heterochromatic transcriptional silencing. Cell 128, 491\u2013504 (2007).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/125.1.129","volume":"125","author":"RH Devlin","year":"1990","unstructured":"Devlin, R.H., Bingham, B. & Wakimoto, B.T. The organization and expression of the light gene, a heterochromatic gene of Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 125, 129\u2013140 (1990).","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/134.1.277","volume":"134","author":"DF Eberl","year":"1993","unstructured":"Eberl, D.F., Duyf, B.J. & Hilliker, A.J. The role of heterochromatin in the expression of a heterochromatic gene, the rolled locus of Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 134, 277\u2013292 (1993).","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1139815","volume":"316","author":"CD Smith","year":"2007","unstructured":"Smith, C.D., Shu, S., Mungall, C.J. & Karpen, G.H. The Release 5.1 annotation of Drosophila melanogaster heterochromatin. Science 316, 1586\u20131591 (2007).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1038\/35888","volume":"391","author":"A Fire","year":"1998","unstructured":"Fire, A. et al. Potent and specific genetic interference by double-stranded RNA in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nature 391, 806\u2013811 (1998).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1038\/418244a","volume":"418","author":"GJ Hannon","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hannon, G.J. RNA interference. Nature 418, 244\u2013251 (2002).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1126\/science.286.5441.950","volume":"286","author":"AJ Hamilton","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hamilton, A.J. & Baulcombe, D.C. A species of small antisense RNA in posttranscriptional gene silencing in plants. Science 286, 950\u2013952 (1999).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1038\/35005107","volume":"404","author":"SM Hammond","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hammond, S.M., Bernstein, E., Beach, D. & Hannon, G.J. An RNA-directed nuclease mediates post-transcriptional gene silencing in Drosophila cells. Nature 404, 293\u2013296 (2000).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80620-0","volume":"101","author":"PD Zamore","year":"2000","unstructured":"Zamore, P.D., Tuschl, T., Sharp, P.A. & Bartel, D.P. RNAi: double-stranded RNA directs the ATP-dependent cleavage of mRNA at 21 to 23 nucleotide intervals. Cell 101, 25\u201333 (2000).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.862301","volume":"15","author":"SM Elbashir","year":"2001","unstructured":"Elbashir, S.M., Lendeckel, W. & Tuschl, T. RNA interference is mediated by 21- and 22-nucleotide RNAs. Genes Dev. 15, 188\u2013200 (2001).","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1038\/35053110","volume":"409","author":"E Bernstein","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bernstein, E., Caudy, A.A., Hammond, S.M. & Hannon, G.J. Role for a bidentate ribonuclease in the initiation step of RNA interference. Nature 409, 363\u2013366 (2001).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg1500","volume":"6","author":"MA Matzke","year":"2005","unstructured":"Matzke, M.A. & Birchler, J.A. RNAi-mediated pathways in the nucleus. Nat. Rev. Genet. 6, 24\u201335 (2005).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0302-245","volume":"30","author":"C Cogoni","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cogoni, C. Unifying homology effects. Nat. Genet. 30, 245\u2013246 (2002).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(04)00045-5","volume":"116","author":"DP Bartel","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bartel, D.P. MicroRNAs: genomics, biogenesis, mechanism, and function. Cell 116, 281\u2013297 (2004).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(01)00576-1","volume":"107","author":"T Sijen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sijen, T. et al. On the role of RNA amplification in dsRNA-triggered gene silencing. Cell 107, 465\u2013476 (2001).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5194","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/19.19.5194","volume":"19","author":"MF Mette","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mette, M.F., Aufsatz, W., van der Winden, J., Matzke, M.A. & Matzke, A.J. Transcriptional silencing and promoter methylation triggered by double-stranded RNA. EMBO J. 19, 5194\u20135201 (2000).","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80060-4","volume":"99","author":"M Pal-Bhadra","year":"1999","unstructured":"Pal-Bhadra, M., Bhadra, U. & Birchler, J.A. Cosuppression of nonhomologous transgenes in Drosophila involves mutually related endogenous sequences. Cell 99, 35\u201346 (1999).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(02)00440-9","volume":"9","author":"M Pal-Bhadra","year":"2002","unstructured":"Pal-Bhadra, M., Bhadra, U. & Birchler, J.A. RNAi related mechanisms affect both transcriptional and posttranscriptional transgene silencing in Drosophila. Mol. Cell 9, 315\u2013327 (2002).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.332305","volume":"19","author":"VJ Robert","year":"2005","unstructured":"Robert, V.J., Sijen, T., van Wolfswinkel, J. & Plasterk, R.H. Chromatin and RNAi factors protect the C. elegans germline against repetitive sequences. Genes Dev. 19, 782\u2013787 (2005).","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(02)00941-8","volume":"110","author":"SD Taverna","year":"2002","unstructured":"Taverna, S.D., Coyne, R.S. & Allis, C.D. Methylation of histone h3 at lysine 9 targets programmed DNA elimination in tetrahymena. Cell 110, 701\u2013711 (2002).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(02)00909-1","volume":"110","author":"K Mochizuki","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mochizuki, K., Fine, N.A., Fujisawa, T. & Gorovsky, M.A. Analysis of a piwi-related gene implicates small RNAs in genome rearrangement in tetrahymena. Cell 110, 689\u2013699 (2002).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1077183","volume":"297","author":"BJ Reinhart","year":"2002","unstructured":"Reinhart, B.J. & Bartel, D.P. Small RNAs correspond to centromere heterochromatic repeats. Science 297, 1831 (2002).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3825","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7600401","volume":"23","author":"M Sadaie","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sadaie, M., Iida, T., Urano, T. & Nakayama, J. A chromodomain protein, Chp1, is required for the establishment of heterochromatin in fission yeast. EMBO J. 23, 3825\u20133835 (2004).","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(02)01177-6","volume":"12","author":"JF Partridge","year":"2002","unstructured":"Partridge, J.F., Scott, K.S., Bannister, A.J., Kouzarides, T. & Allshire, R.C. cis-acting DNA from fission yeast centromeres mediates histone H3 methylation and recruitment of silencing factors and cohesin to an ectopic site. Curr. Biol. 12, 1652\u20131660 (2002).","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0407641102","volume":"102","author":"T Sugiyama","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sugiyama, T., Cam, H., Verdel, A., Moazed, D. & Grewal, S.I. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase is an essential component of a self-enforcing loop coupling heterochromatin assembly to siRNA production. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102, 152\u2013157 (2005).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1452","volume":"36","author":"K Noma","year":"2004","unstructured":"Noma, K. et al. RITS acts in cis to promote RNA interference-mediated transcriptional and post-transcriptional silencing. Nat. Genet. 36, 1174\u20131180 (2004).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.4161\/rna.2.3.2131","volume":"2","author":"EJ Hong","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hong, E.J., Villen, J., Gerace, E.L., Gygi, S.P. & Moazed, D.A. Cullin E3 ubiquitin ligase complex associates with Rik1 and the Clr4 histone H3\u2013K9 methyltransferase and is required for RNAi-mediated heterochromatin formation. RNA Biol. 2, 106\u2013111 (2005).","journal-title":"RNA Biol."},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2007.07.007","volume":"27","author":"SU Colmenares","year":"2007","unstructured":"Colmenares, S.U., Buker, S.M., Buhler, M., Dlakic, M. & Moazed, D. Coupling of Double-Stranded RNA Synthesis and siRNA Generation in Fission Yeast RNAi. Mol. Cell 27, 449\u2013461 (2007).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e363","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0040363","volume":"4","author":"SW Chan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chan, S.W., Zhang, X., Bernatavichute, Y.V. & Jacobsen, S.E. Two-step recruitment of RNA-directed DNA methylation to tandem repeats. PLoS Biol. 4, e363 (2006).","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1128813","volume":"313","author":"DV Irvine","year":"2006","unstructured":"Irvine, D.V. et al. Argonaute slicing is required for heterochromatic silencing and spreading. Science 313, 1134\u20131137 (2006).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb1211","volume":"14","author":"SM Buker","year":"2007","unstructured":"Buker, S.M. et al. Two different Argonaute complexes are required for siRNA generation and heterochromatin assembly in fission yeast. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 14, 200\u2013207 (2007).","journal-title":"Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2008","volume":"8","author":"SI Grewal","year":"2007","unstructured":"Grewal, S.I. & Jia, S. Heterochromatin revisited. Nat. Rev. Genet. 8, 35\u201346 (2007).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e317","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0000317","volume":"2","author":"H Murakami","year":"2007","unstructured":"Murakami, H. et al. Ribonuclease activity of Dis3 is required for mitotic progression and provides a possible link between heterochromatin and kinetochore function. PLoS ONE 2, e317 (2007).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1964","volume":"7","author":"J Houseley","year":"2006","unstructured":"Houseley, J., LaCava, J. & Tollervey, D. RNA-quality control by the exosome. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 7, 529\u2013539 (2006).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2005.10.002","volume":"20","author":"T Yamada","year":"2005","unstructured":"Yamada, T., Fischle, W., Sugiyama, T., Allis, C.D. & Grewal, S.I. The nucleation and maintenance of heterochromatin by a histone deacetylase in fission yeast. Mol. Cell 20, 173\u2013185 (2005).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2005.04.029","volume":"121","author":"J LaCava","year":"2005","unstructured":"LaCava, J. et al. RNA degradation by the exosome is promoted by a nuclear polyadenylation complex. Cell 121, 713\u2013724 (2005).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e189","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0030189","volume":"3","author":"S Vanacova","year":"2005","unstructured":"Vanacova, S. et al. A new yeast poly(A) polymerase complex involved in RNA quality control. PLoS Biol. 3, e189 (2005).","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1101372","volume":"305","author":"KV Morris","year":"2004","unstructured":"Morris, K.V., Chan, S.W., Jacobsen, S.E. & Looney, D.J. Small interfering RNA-induced tanscriptional gene silencing in human cells. Science 305, 1289\u20131292 (2004).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb1142","volume":"13","author":"DH Kim","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kim, D.H., Villeneuve, L.M., Morris, K.V. & Rossi, J.J. Argonaute-1 directs siRNA-mediated transcriptional gene silencing in human cells. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 13, 793\u2013797 (2006).","journal-title":"Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.2235106","volume":"12","author":"MS Weinberg","year":"2006","unstructured":"Weinberg, M.S. et al. The antisense strand of small interfering RNAs directs histone methylation and transcriptional gene silencing in human cells. RNA 12, 256\u2013262 (2006).","journal-title":"RNA"},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1130164","volume":"313","author":"NC Lau","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lau, N.C. et al. Characterization of the piRNA complex from rat testes. Science 313, 363\u2013367 (2006).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04917","volume":"442","author":"A Girard","year":"2006","unstructured":"Girard, A., Sachidanandam, R., Hannon, G.J. & Carmell, M.A. A germline-specific class of small RNAs binds mammalian Piwi proteins. Nature 442, 199\u2013202 (2006).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04916","volume":"442","author":"A Aravin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Aravin, A. et al. A novel class of small RNAs bind to MILI protein in mouse testes. Nature 442, 203\u2013207 (2006).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.01.043","volume":"128","author":"J Brennecke","year":"2007","unstructured":"Brennecke, J. et al. Discrete small RNA-generating loci as master regulators of transposon activity in Drosophila. Cell 128, 1089\u20131103 (2007).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5430","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkm576","volume":"35","author":"MS Klenov","year":"2007","unstructured":"Klenov, M.S. et al. Repeat-associated siRNAs cause chromatin silencing of retrotransposons in the Drosophila melanogaster germline. Nucleic Acids Res. 35, 5430\u20135438 (2007).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1142612","volume":"316","author":"AA Aravin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Aravin, A.A., Sachidanandam, R., Girard, A., Fejes-Toth, K. & Hannon, G.J. Developmentally regulated piRNA clusters implicate MILI in transposon control. Science 316, 744\u2013747 (2007).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.01.032","volume":"128","author":"PK Yang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Yang, P.K. & Kuroda, M.I. Noncoding RNAs and intranuclear positioning in monoallelic gene expression. Cell 128, 777\u2013786 (2007).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnsmb1315_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.05.022","volume":"129","author":"JL Rinn","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rinn, J.L. et al. Functional demarcation of active and silent chromatin domains in human HOX loci by noncoding RNAs. Cell 129, 1311\u20131323 (2007).","journal-title":"Cell"}],"container-title":["Nature Structural & Molecular Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nsmb1315.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nsmb1315","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nsmb1315.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]],"date-time":"2023-05-19T04:51:44Z","timestamp":1684471904000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nsmb1315"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]},"references-count":101,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]}},"alternative-id":["BFnsmb1315"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nsmb1315","relation":{},"ISSN":["1545-9993","1545-9985"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1545-9993","type":"print"},{"value":"1545-9985","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]}}}