{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T19:59:26Z","timestamp":1789588766107,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7798","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,3]],"date-time":"2020-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580688000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,3]],"date-time":"2020-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580688000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nature"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Since the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) 18\u00a0years ago, a large number of SARS-related coronaviruses (SARSr-CoVs) have been discovered in their natural reservoir host, bats\n                    <jats:sup>1\u20134<\/jats:sup>\n                    . Previous studies have shown that some bat SARSr-CoVs have the potential to infect humans\n                    <jats:sup>5\u20137<\/jats:sup>\n                    . Here we report the identification and characterization of a new coronavirus (2019-nCoV), which caused an epidemic of acute respiratory syndrome in humans in Wuhan, China. The epidemic, which started on 12 December 2019, had caused 2,794 laboratory-confirmed infections including 80 deaths by 26 January 2020. Full-length genome sequences were obtained from five patients at an early stage of the outbreak. The sequences are almost identical and share 79.6% sequence identity to SARS-CoV. Furthermore, we show that 2019-nCoV is 96% identical at the whole-genome level to a bat coronavirus. Pairwise protein sequence analysis of seven conserved non-structural proteins domains show that this virus belongs to the species of . In addition, 2019-nCoV virus isolated from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of a critically ill patient could be neutralized by sera from several patients. Notably, we confirmed that 2019-nCoV uses the same cell entry receptor\u2014angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2)\u2014as SARS-CoV.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2012-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,3]],"date-time":"2020-02-03T05:03:33Z","timestamp":1580706213000},"page":"270-273","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17422,"title":["A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"579","author":[{"given":"Peng","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xing-Lou","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xian-Guang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao-Rui","family":"Si","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao-Lin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui-Dong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ren-Di","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei-Qin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu-Rui","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Shuang","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quan-Jiao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin-Lin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fa-Xian","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan-Yi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geng-Fu","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng-Li","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2012_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1118391","volume":"310","author":"W Li","year":"2005","unstructured":"Li, W. et al. Bats are natural reservoirs of SARS-like coronaviruses. Science 310, 676\u2013679 (2005).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2012_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12711","volume":"503","author":"X-Y Ge","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ge, X.-Y. et al. Isolation and characterization of a bat SARS-like coronavirus that uses the ACE2 receptor. Nature 503, 535\u2013538 (2013).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2012_CR3","first-page":"989","volume":"19","author":"L Yang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yang, L. et al. Novel SARS-like betacoronaviruses in bats, China, 2011. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 19, 989\u2013991 (2013).","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"2012_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1006698","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006698","volume":"13","author":"B Hu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hu, B. et al. Discovery of a rich gene pool of bat SARS-related coronaviruses provides new insights into the origin of SARS coronavirus. PLoS Pathog. 13, e1006698 (2017).","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"2012_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3985","volume":"21","author":"VD Menachery","year":"2015","unstructured":"Menachery, V. D. et al. A SARS-like cluster of circulating bat coronaviruses shows potential for human emergence. Nat. Med. 21, 1508\u20131513 (2015).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"2012_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3048","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1517719113","volume":"113","author":"VD Menachery","year":"2016","unstructured":"Menachery, V. D. et al. SARS-like WIV1-CoV poised for human emergence. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 113, 3048\u20133053 (2016).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. 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