{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T03:53:24Z","timestamp":1778039604599,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,28]],"date-time":"2018-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522195200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,28]],"date-time":"2018-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522195200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["npj Digital Med"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recent studies suggest social media shapes the transmission of firearm violence in high-poverty, urban neighborhoods. However, the exact pathways by which content on social media becomes threatening has not been studied. We consider a dataset of tweets by gang-involved Chicago youth that are coded for expressions of aggression and\/or loss. Using a permutation test and mixed-effects log linear regression, we find that aggression and loss tweets do not occur randomly, and furthermore that in a 2-day window after loss expressions we find an increase in aggressive tweets. We discuss implications for intervention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-018-0020-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,9]],"date-time":"2018-03-09T17:24:47Z","timestamp":1520616287000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Expressions of loss predict aggressive comments on Twitter among gang-involved youth in Chicago"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Desmond Upton","family":"Patton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Owen","family":"Rambow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Auerbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Frey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"20_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2012.12.035","volume":"29","author":"DU Patton","year":"2013","unstructured":"Patton, D. U., Eschmann, R. D. & Butler, D. A. Internet banging: new trends in social media, gang violence, masculinity and hip hop. Comput. Human. Behav. 29, A54\u2013A59 (2013).","journal-title":"Comput. Human. Behav."},{"key":"20_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1177\/0002764215601711","volume":"60","author":"J Lane","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lane, J. The digital street: an ethnographic study of networked street life in Harlem. Am. Behav. Sci. 60, 43\u201358 (2016).","journal-title":"Am. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"20_CR3","unstructured":"Blevins, T. et al. Automatically processing tweets from gang-involved youth: towards detecting loss and aggression. Proc. Int. Conf. Comput. Ling. http:\/\/aclweb.org\/anthology\/C\/C16\/C16-1207.pdf (2016)."},{"key":"20_CR4","first-page":"1","volume":"19","author":"DU Patton","year":"2016","unstructured":"Patton, D. U., Lane, J., Leonard, P., Macbeth, J. & Smith Lee, J. R. Gang violence on the digital street: Case study of a South Side Chicago gang member\u2019s Twitter communication. New Media Soc. 19, 1\u201319 (2016).","journal-title":"New Media Soc."},{"key":"20_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Patton, D. U. et al. What\u2019s a threat on social media? How Black and Latino Chicago young men navigate threats online. Youth Soc. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0044118X17720325 (2017).","DOI":"10.1177\/0044118X17720325"},{"key":"20_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miller, R. G. Beyond ANOVA: Basics of Applied Statistics (Chapman & Hall, New York, NY, 1997).","DOI":"10.1201\/b15236"},{"key":"20_CR7","unstructured":"Agresti, A. Categorical Data Analysis, Third Edition (Wiley-Interscience, Hoboken, NJ, 2013)."}],"container-title":["npj Digital Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41746-018-0020-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41746-018-0020-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41746-018-0020-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]],"date-time":"2022-12-21T12:36:51Z","timestamp":1671626211000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41746-018-0020-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,28]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["20"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41746-018-0020-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["2398-6352"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2398-6352","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 November 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 February 2018","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 February 2018","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 March 2018","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"D.U.P. has work funded by DARPA. He has consulted for companies including Story and Structure and Social Sentinel. He has also received compensation as a member of the scientific advisory board for Cure Violence. The other authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"11"}}