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Med."],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Consumer wearables and sensors are a rich source of data about patients\u2019 daily disease and symptom burden, particularly in the case of movement disorders like Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD). However, interpreting these complex data into so-called\n                    <jats:italic>digital biomarkers<\/jats:italic>\n                    requires complicated analytical approaches, and validating these biomarkers requires sufficient data and unbiased evaluation methods. Here we describe the use of crowdsourcing to specifically evaluate and benchmark features derived from accelerometer and gyroscope data in two different datasets to predict the presence of PD and severity of three PD symptoms: tremor, dyskinesia, and bradykinesia. Forty teams from around the world submitted features, and achieved drastically improved predictive performance for PD status (best AUROC\u2009=\u20090.87), as well as tremor- (best AUPR\u2009=\u20090.75), dyskinesia- (best AUPR\u2009=\u20090.48) and bradykinesia-severity (best AUPR\u2009=\u20090.95).\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-021-00414-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]],"date-time":"2021-03-19T09:04:20Z","timestamp":1616144660000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Crowdsourcing digital health measures to predict Parkinson\u2019s disease severity: the Parkinson\u2019s Disease Digital Biomarker DREAM Challenge"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1033-0954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Solveig K.","family":"Sieberts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Schaff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marlena","family":"Duda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"B\u00e1lint \u00c1rmin","family":"Pataki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6967-2185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Phil","family":"Snyder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jean-Francois","family":"Daneault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Parisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gianluca","family":"Costante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Udi","family":"Rubin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Banda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yooree","family":"Chae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Elias","family":"Chaibub Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"E. 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E.R.D. has received honoraria for speaking at American Academy of Neurology courses, American Neurological Association, and University of Michigan; received compensation for consulting services from 23andMe, Abbott, Abbvie, American Well, Biogen, Clintrex, DeciBio, Denali Therapeutics, GlaxoSmithKline, Grand Rounds, Karger, Lundbeck, MC10, MedAvante, Medical-legal services, Mednick Associates, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Olson Research Group, Optio, Origent Data Sciences, Inc., Prilenia, Putnam Associates, Roche, Sanofi, Shire, Sunovion Pharma, Teva, UCB and Voyager Therapeutics; research support from Abbvie, Acadia Pharmaceuticals, AMC Health, Biosensics, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Davis Phinney Foundation, Duke University, Food and Drug Administration, GlaxoSmithKline, Greater Rochester Health Foundation, Huntington Study Group, Michael J. Fox Foundation, National Institutes of Health\/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Science Foundation, Nuredis Pharmaceuticals, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, Pfizer, Prana Biotechnology, Raptor Pharmaceuticals, Roche, Safra Foundation, Teva Pharmaceuticals, University of California Irvine; editorial services for Karger Publications; and ownership interests with Blackfynn (data integration company) and Grand Rounds (second opinion service). F.N.G. is currently a full time employee of Draeger Medical Systems. E.R. is an employee of Verily Life Sciences, receiving salary and equity compensation. Y.G. receives research funding from Merck KGaA, Ryss Tech and Amazon, receives personal payment from Genentech, Inc, Eli Lilly and Company, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, serves as chief scientist and holds equity shares at Ann Arbor Algorithms Inc. D.B. was salaried President of Early Signal Foundation at the time of this work, and is currently salaried Executive Director of Digital Health for Cohen Veterans Bioscience. P. Bonato has received grant support from the American Heart Association, the Department of Defense, the Michael J Fox Foundation, the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the National Science Foundation (NSF), and the Peabody Foundation including sub-awards on NIH and NSF SBIR grants from Barrett Technology (Newton MA), BioSensics (Watertown MA) and Veristride (Salt Lake City UT). He has also received grant support from Emerge Diagnostics (Carlsbad CA), MC10 (Lexington MA), Mitsui Chemicals (Tokyo Japan), Pfizer (New York City NY), Shimmer Research (Dublin Ireland), and SynPhNe (Singapore). He serves in an advisory role the Michael J Fox Foundation, the NIH-funded Center for Translation of Rehabilitation Engineering Advances and Technology, and the NIH-funded New England Pediatric Device Consortium. He also serves on the Scientific Advisory Boards of Hocoma AG (Zurich Switzerland), Trexo (Toronto Canada), and ABLE Human Motion (Barcelona, Spain) in an uncompensated role. Consortium authors A.A., C.A., V.C., S.H., and R.N. report that their employer, IBM Research, is the research branch of IBM Corporation, and V.C., S.H., and R.N. report that they own stock in IBM Corporation. All other authors report no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"53"}}