{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T03:44:14Z","timestamp":1782359054732,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]],"date-time":"2022-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665964800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]],"date-time":"2022-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"UK Dementia Research Institute, Care Research & Technology Centre; the UK Department of Health; and Surrey and Borders Partnership NHS Foundation Trust"},{"name":"UKRI CDT in AI for Healthcare http:\/\/ai4health.io"},{"name":"UK Dementia Research Institute, Care Research & Technology Centre; the UK Department of Health; and Surrey and Borders Partnership NHS Foundation Trust"},{"name":"UK Dementia Research Institute, Care Research & Technology Centre; the UK Department of Health; and Surrey and Borders Partnership NHS Foundation Trust"},{"name":"UK Dementia Research Institute, Care Research & Technology Centre; the UK Department of Health; and Surrey and Borders Partnership NHS Foundation Trust"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["npj Digit. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically altered the behaviour of most of the world\u2019s population, particularly affecting the elderly, including people living with dementia (PLwD). Here we use remote home monitoring technology deployed into 31 homes of PLwD living in the UK to investigate the effects of COVID-19 on behaviour within the home, including social isolation. The home activity was monitored continuously using unobtrusive sensors for 498 days from 1 December 2019 to 12 April 2021. This period included six distinct pandemic phases with differing public health measures, including three periods of home \u2018lockdown\u2019. Linear mixed-effects modelling is used to examine changes in the home activity of PLwD who lived alone or with others. An algorithm is developed to quantify time spent outside the home. Increased home activity is observed from very early in the pandemic, with a significant decrease in the time spent outside produced by the first lockdown. The study demonstrates the effects of COVID-19 lockdown on home behaviours in PLwD and shows how unobtrusive home monitoring can be used to track behaviours relevant to social isolation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-022-00697-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]],"date-time":"2022-10-17T15:04:54Z","timestamp":1666019094000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The effect of COVID-19 on the home behaviours of people affected by dementia"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9468-8237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alina-Irina","family":"Serban","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eyal","family":"Soreq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8591-9638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Payam","family":"Barnaghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7415-1907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Daniels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2238-0684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael A.","family":"Calvo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"CR&T Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Sharp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"697_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.5434","volume":"36","author":"C Giebel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Giebel, C. et al. A UK survey of COVID-19 related social support closures and their effects on older people, people with dementia, and carers. Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry 36, 393\u2013402 (2021).","journal-title":"Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"697_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-021-02257-z","volume":"21","author":"R Tuijt","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tuijt, R. et al. Life under lockdown and social restrictions\u2014the experiences of people living with dementia and their carers during the COVID-19 pandemic in England. BMC Geriatr. 21, 301 (2021).","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr."},{"key":"697_CR3","unstructured":"Alzheimer\u2019s Society. Office of National Statistics figures show dementia is main underlying condition for COVID-19 deaths. https:\/\/www.alzheimers.org.uk\/news\/2020-05-15\/ons-figures-show-dementia-main-underlying-condition-covid-19-deaths-alzheimers (2020)."},{"key":"697_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nurpra.2021.05.002","volume":"17","author":"A Curelaru","year":"2021","unstructured":"Curelaru, A., Marzolf, S. J., Provost, J.-C. K. G. & Zeon, H. H. H. Social isolation in dementia: the effects of COVID-19. J. Nurse Pract. 17, 950\u2013953 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Nurse Pract."},{"key":"697_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Martins Van Jaarsveld, G. The effects of COVID-19 among the elderly population: a case for closing the digital divide. Front. Psychiatry https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.577427 (2020).","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.577427"},{"key":"697_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Banerjee, D. The impact of Covid\u201019 pandemic on elderly mental health. Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/gps.5320 (2020).","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.5320"},{"key":"697_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2496","DOI":"10.3390\/s17112496","volume":"17","author":"S Majumder","year":"2017","unstructured":"Majumder, S. et al. Smart homes for elderly healthcare\u2014recent advances and research challenges. Sensors 17, 2496 (2017).","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"697_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1007\/s12243-010-0176-0","volume":"65","author":"J Biswas","year":"2010","unstructured":"Biswas, J. et al. Health and wellness monitoring through wearable and ambient sensors: exemplars from home-based care of elderly with mild dementia. Ann. Telecommun. Ann. T\u00e9l\u00e9Commun. 65, 505\u2013521 (2010).","journal-title":"Ann. Telecommun. Ann. T\u00e9l\u00e9Commun."},{"key":"697_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1177\/1533317510376944","volume":"25","author":"EL Mahoney","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mahoney, E. L. & Mahoney, D. F. Acceptance of wearable technology by people with Alzheimer\u2019s disease: issues and accommodations. Am. J. Alzheimers Dis. Dement. 25, 527\u2013531 (2010).","journal-title":"Am. J. Alzheimers Dis. Dement."},{"key":"697_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4688","DOI":"10.3390\/s21144688","volume":"21","author":"CK Behera","year":"2021","unstructured":"Behera, C. K., Condell, J., Dora, S., Gibson, D. S. & Leavey, G. State-of-the-art sensors for remote care of people with dementia during a pandemic: a systematic review. Sensors 21, 4688 (2021).","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"697_CR11","unstructured":"Alzheimer\u2019s Society. The Impact of COVID-19 on People Affected by Dementia. https:\/\/www.alzheimers.org.uk\/sites\/default\/files\/2020-08\/.The_Impact_of_COVID-19_on_People_Affected_By_Dementia.pdf (2020)."},{"key":"697_CR12","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Timeline: WHO\u2019s COVID-19 response. https:\/\/www.who.int\/emergencies\/diseases\/novel-coronavirus-2019\/interactive-timeline#! (2021)."},{"key":"697_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-020-00450-z","volume":"17","author":"K Numbers","year":"2021","unstructured":"Numbers, K. & Brodaty, H. The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on people with dementia. Nat. Rev. Neurol. 17, 69\u201370 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"697_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Su\u00e1rez-Gonz\u00e1lez, A. et al. The impact of the first UK Covid-19 lockdown on carers and people living with low prevalence dementia: results from the Rare Dementia Support survey. 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