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Med."],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Human bodily mechanisms and functions produce low-frequency vibrations. Our ability to perceive these vibrations is limited by our range of hearing. However, in-ear infrasonic hemodynography (IH) can measure low-frequency vibrations (&lt;20\u2009Hz) created by vital organs as an acoustic waveform. This is captured using a technology that can be embedded into wearable devices such as in-ear headphones. IH can acquire sound signals that travel within arteries, fluids, bones, and muscles in proximity to the ear canal, allowing for measurements of an individual\u2019s unique audiome. We describe the heart rate and heart rhythm results obtained in time-series analysis of the in-ear IH data taken simultaneously with ECG recordings in two dedicated clinical studies. We demonstrate a high correlation (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.99) between IH and ECG acquired interbeat interval and heart rate measurements and show that IH can continuously monitor physiological changes in heart rate induced by various breathing exercises. We also show that IH can differentiate between atrial fibrillation and sinus rhythm with performance similar to ECG. The results represent a demonstration of IH capabilities to deliver accurate heart rate and heart rhythm measurements comparable to ECG, in a wearable form factor. The development of IH shows promise for monitoring acoustic imprints of the human body that will enable new real-time applications in cardiovascular health that are continuous and noninvasive.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-022-00725-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]],"date-time":"2022-12-22T18:02:59Z","timestamp":1671732179000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["In-ear infrasonic hemodynography with a digital health device for cardiovascular monitoring using the human audiome"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"5","author":[{"suffix":"III","given":"Francis Roosevelt","family":"Gilliam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9422-9129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Ciesielski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5128-4160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karlen","family":"Shahinyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pratistha","family":"Shakya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"John","family":"Cunsolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3788-1983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jal Mahendra","family":"Panchal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2526-0629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bartlomiej","family":"Kr\u00f3l-J\u00f3zaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Kr\u00f3l","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Olivia","family":"Kierul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Bridges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4652-0899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carly E.","family":"Waldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Ring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Szepieniec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5655-4158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Barnacka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8161-9523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanjeev P.","family":"Bhavnani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"725_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Na\u00eft-Ali, A. & Karasinski, P. 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For the AF study MindMics Inc provided IH earbud devices and ECG recording equipment connected to a MacBook Pro for data acquisition and upload. For the SR study, the data collection and research were funded and carried out by MindMics Inc.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The person wearing the earbuds in the photograph presented in Fig.  b consented to the taking and publication of the photograph.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}],"article-number":"189"}}