{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T18:31:21Z","timestamp":1776191481120,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678060800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["npj Digit. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) therapeutic development has largely relied on staff-administered functional rating scales to determine treatment efficacy. We sought to determine if mobile applications (apps) and wearable devices can be used to quantify ALS disease progression through active (surveys) and passive (sensors) data collection. Forty ambulatory adults with ALS were followed for 6-months. The Beiwe app was used to administer the self-entry ALS functional rating scale-revised (ALSFRS-RSE) and the Rasch Overall ALS Disability Scale (ROADS) surveys every 2\u20134 weeks. Each participant used a wrist-worn activity monitor (ActiGraph Insight Watch) or an ankle-worn activity monitor (Modus StepWatch) continuously. Wearable device wear and app survey compliance were adequate. ALSFRS-R highly correlated with ALSFRS-RSE. Several wearable data daily physical activity measures demonstrated statistically significant change over time and associations with ALSFRS-RSE and ROADS. Active and passive digital data collection hold promise for novel ALS trial outcome measure development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-023-00778-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T10:03:22Z","timestamp":1678097002000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Wearable device and smartphone data quantify ALS progression and may provide novel outcome measures"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9058-4331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen A.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5889-3970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Karas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5820-5880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine M.","family":"Burke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8703-4451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin","family":"Straczkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1250-9368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zoe A.","family":"Scheier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alison P.","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Iwasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Lahav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Amrita S.","family":"Iyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jukka-Pekka","family":"Onnela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0898-6081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James D.","family":"Berry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"778_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00465-8","volume":"21","author":"SA Goutman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Goutman, S. A. et al. Recent advances in the diagnosis and prognosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Lancet Neurol. 21, 480\u2013493 (2022).","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"778_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2020.105156","volume":"147","author":"A Shatunov","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shatunov, A. & Al-Chalabi, A. The genetic architecture of ALS. Neurobiol. Dis. 147, 105156 (2021).","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"778_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1080\/21678421.2021.1949021","volume":"23","author":"P Mehta","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mehta, P. et al. Prevalence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), United States, 2016. Amyotroph. Lateral Scler. Frontotemporal Degener. 23, 220\u2013225 (2022).","journal-title":"Amyotroph. Lateral Scler. Frontotemporal Degener."},{"key":"778_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mejzini, R. et al. ALS Genetics, Mechanisms, and Therapeutics: Where Are We Now? Frontiers in Neuroscience 13 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2019.01310 (2019).","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.01310"},{"key":"778_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-020-00434-z","volume":"17","author":"MC Kiernan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kiernan, M. C. et al. Improving clinical trial outcomes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Nat. Rev. Neurol. 17, 104\u2013118 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"778_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(99)00210-5","volume":"169","author":"JM Cedarbaum","year":"1999","unstructured":"Cedarbaum, J. M. et al. The ALSFRS-R: a revised ALS functional rating scale that incorporates assessments of respiratory function. BDNF ALS Study Group (Phase III). J. Neurol. Sci. 169, 13\u201321 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"778_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2008.07.016","volume":"275","author":"K Kollewe","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kollewe, K. et al. ALSFRS-R score and its ratio: a useful predictor for ALS-progression. J. Neurol. Sci. 275, 69\u201373 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"778_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2012-304701","volume":"84","author":"F Franchignoni","year":"2013","unstructured":"Franchignoni, F., Mora, G., Giordano, A., Volanti, P. & Chio, A. Evidence of multidimensionality in the ALSFRS-R Scale: a critical appraisal on its measurement properties using Rasch analysis. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 84, 1340\u20131345 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"778_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002251","volume":"86","author":"RS Bedlack","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bedlack, R. S. et al. How common are ALS plateaus and reversals? Neurology 86, 808\u2013812 (2016).","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"778_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2019.4490","volume":"77","author":"CN Fournier","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fournier, C. N. et al. Development and Validation of the Rasch-Built Overall Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Disability Scale (ROADS). JAMA Neurol. 77, 480\u2013488 (2020).","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"778_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000238505.22066.fc","volume":"67","author":"J Montes","year":"2006","unstructured":"Montes, J. et al. Development and evaluation of a self-administered version of the ALSFRS-R. Neurology 67, 1294\u20131296 (2006).","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"778_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.3109\/17482968.2011.633268","volume":"13","author":"A Maier","year":"2012","unstructured":"Maier, A. et al. Online assessment of ALS functional rating scale compares well to in-clinic evaluation: a prospective trial. Amyotroph. Lateral Scler. 13, 210\u2013216 (2012).","journal-title":"Amyotroph. Lateral Scler."},{"key":"778_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2019-321138","volume":"91","author":"LA Bakker","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bakker, L. A. et al. Development and assessment of the inter-rater and intra-rater reproducibility of a self-administration version of the ALSFRS-R. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 91, 75\u201381 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"778_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1080\/21678421.2020.1813307","volume":"22","author":"U Manera","year":"2021","unstructured":"Manera, U. et al. Validation of the Italian version of self-administered ALSFRS-R scale. Amyotroph. Lateral Scler. Frontotemporal Degener. 22, 151\u2013153 (2021).","journal-title":"Amyotroph. Lateral Scler. Frontotemporal Degener."},{"key":"778_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.770","volume":"6","author":"JD Berry","year":"2019","unstructured":"Berry, J. D. et al. Design and results of a smartphone-based digital phenotyping study to quantify ALS progression. Ann. Clin. Transl. Neurol. 6, 873\u2013881 (2019).","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Transl. Neurol."},{"key":"778_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1080\/21678421.2021.1900259","volume":"22","author":"S Chew","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chew, S. et al. Patient reported outcomes in ALS: characteristics of the self-entry ALS Functional Rating Scale-revised and the Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale. Amyotroph. Lateral Scler. Frontotemporal Degener. 22, 467\u2013477 (2021).","journal-title":"Amyotroph. Lateral Scler. Frontotemporal Degener."},{"key":"778_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Johnson, S. A. et al. Longitudinal comparison of the self-entry amyotrophic lateral sclerosis functional rating scale-revised (ALSFRS-RSE) and rasch-built overall amyotrophic lateral sclerosis disability scale (ROADS) as outcome measures in people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Muscle Nerve https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mus.27691 (2022).","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.27691"},{"key":"778_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1754","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-020-09774-8","volume":"267","author":"F De Marchi","year":"2020","unstructured":"De Marchi, F. et al. Patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J. Neurol. 267, 1754\u20131759 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"778_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1007\/s12561-018-9227-2","volume":"11","author":"M Karas","year":"2019","unstructured":"Karas, M. et al. Accelerometry Data in Health Research: Challenges and Opportunities. Stat. Biosci. 11, 210\u2013237 (2019).","journal-title":"Stat. Biosci."},{"key":"778_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Youn, B. Y. et al. Digital Biomarkers for Neuromuscular Disorders: A Systematic Scoping Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 11 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics11071275 (2021).","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11071275"},{"key":"778_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13433","DOI":"10.2196\/13433","volume":"7","author":"L Garcia-Gancedo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Garcia-Gancedo, L. et al. Objectively Monitoring Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patient Symptoms During Clinical Trials With Sensors: Observational Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 7, e13433 (2019).","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"key":"778_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2387","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-019-09427-5","volume":"266","author":"RPA van Eijk","year":"2019","unstructured":"van Eijk, R. P. A. et al. Accelerometry for remote monitoring of physical activity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a longitudinal cohort study. J. Neurol. 266, 2387\u20132395 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"778_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1080\/21678421.2020.1773501","volume":"21","author":"M Kelly","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kelly, M. et al. The use of biotelemetry to explore disease progression markers in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Amyotroph. Lateral Scler. Frontotemporal Degener. 21, 563\u2013573 (2020).","journal-title":"Amyotroph. Lateral Scler. Frontotemporal Degener."},{"key":"778_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51096","volume":"7","author":"SB Rutkove","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rutkove, S. B. et al. Improved ALS clinical trials through frequent at-home self-assessment: a proof of concept study. Ann. Clin. Transl. Neurol. 7, 1148\u20131157 (2020).","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Transl. Neurol."},{"key":"778_CR25","unstructured":"The Mobile Economy 2022. (GSM Association, 2022)."},{"key":"778_CR26","unstructured":"Mobile Fact Sheet. (Pew Research Center, Online, 2021)."},{"key":"778_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-020-0771-3","volume":"46","author":"J-P Onnela","year":"2021","unstructured":"Onnela, J.-P. Opportunities and challenges in the collection and analysis of digital phenotyping data. Neuropsychopharmacology 46, 45\u201354 (2021).","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"778_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e31877","DOI":"10.2196\/31877","volume":"10","author":"AL Beukenhorst","year":"2022","unstructured":"Beukenhorst, A. L. et al. Using Smartphones to Reduce Research Burden in a Neurodegenerative Population and Assessing Participant Adherence: A Randomized Clinical Trial and Two Observational Studies. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 10, e31877 (2022).","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"key":"778_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.12225","volume":"5","author":"PCD Johnson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Johnson, P. C. D. Extension of Nakagawa & Schielzeth\u2019s R2GLMM to random slopes models. Methods Ecol. Evolution 5, 944\u2013946 (2014).","journal-title":"Methods Ecol. Evolution"},{"key":"778_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2041-210x.2012.00261.x","volume":"4","author":"S Nakagawa","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nakagawa, S. & Schielzeth, H. A general and simple method for obtaining R2 from generalized linear mixed-effects models. Methods Ecol. Evolution 4, 133\u2013142 (2013).","journal-title":"Methods Ecol. Evolution"},{"key":"778_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e17377","DOI":"10.2196\/17377","volume":"8","author":"K Brusniak","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brusniak, K. et al. Challenges in Acceptance and Compliance in Digital Health Assessments During Pregnancy: Prospective Cohort Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 8, e17377 (2020).","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"key":"778_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1258\/jtt.2009.081106","volume":"15","author":"J Merilahti","year":"2009","unstructured":"Merilahti, J. et al. Compliance and technical feasibility of long-term health monitoring with wearable and ambient technologies. J. Telemed. Telecare 15, 302\u2013309 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Telemed. Telecare"},{"key":"778_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-018-0714-7","volume":"18","author":"S Cohen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cohen, S. et al. Characterizing patient compliance over six months in remote digital trials of Parkinson\u2019s and Huntington disease. BMC Med. Inform. Decis. Mak. 18, 138 (2018).","journal-title":"BMC Med. Inform. Decis. Mak."},{"key":"778_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e22218","DOI":"10.2196\/22218","volume":"9","author":"GJ Martinez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Martinez, G. J. et al. Predicting Participant Compliance With Fitness Tracker Wearing and Ecological Momentary Assessment Protocols in Information Workers: Observational Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 9, e22218 (2021).","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"key":"778_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70222-4","volume":"13","author":"ME Cudkowicz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cudkowicz, M. E. et al. Safety and efficacy of ceftriaxone for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a multi-stage, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. 13, 1083\u20131091 (2014).","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"778_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1916945","volume":"383","author":"S Paganoni","year":"2020","unstructured":"Paganoni, S. et al. Trial of Sodium Phenylbutyrate\u2013Taurursodiol for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. N. Engl. J. Med. 383, 919\u2013930 (2020).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"778_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30115-1","volume":"16","author":"G Writing","year":"2017","unstructured":"Writing, G. & Edaravone, A. L. S. S. G. Safety and efficacy of edaravone in well defined patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. 16, 505\u2013512 (2017).","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"778_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000951","volume":"83","author":"N Atassi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Atassi, N. et al. The PRO-ACT database: design, initial analyses, and predictive features. Neurology 83, 1719\u20131725 (2014).","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"778_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2849","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.13745","volume":"84","author":"JR Green","year":"2018","unstructured":"Green, J. R. et al. Additional evidence for a therapeutic effect of dextromethorphan\/quinidine on bulbar motor function in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A quantitative speech analysis. Br. J. Clin. Pharm. 84, 2849\u20132856 (2018).","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharm."},{"key":"778_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S103","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-202428","volume":"11","author":"D Stephenson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Stephenson, D., Badawy, R., Mathur, S., Tome, M. & Rochester, L. Digital Progression Biomarkers as Novel Endpoints in Clinical Trials: A Multistakeholder Perspective. J. Parkinsons Dis. 11, S103\u2013S109 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Parkinsons Dis."},{"key":"778_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1159\/000511671","volume":"4","author":"GM Stegmann","year":"2020","unstructured":"Stegmann, G. M. et al. Repeatability of Commonly Used Speech and Language Features for Clinical Applications. Digit Biomark. 4, 109\u2013122 (2020).","journal-title":"Digit Biomark."},{"key":"778_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1975","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.04.005","volume":"131","author":"JM Shefner","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shefner, J. M. et al. A proposal for new diagnostic criteria for ALS. Clin. Neurophysiol. 131, 1975\u20131978 (2020).","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"778_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1080\/146608200300079536","volume":"1","author":"BR Brooks","year":"2000","unstructured":"Brooks, B. R., Miller, R. G., Swash, M. & Munsat, T. L. El Escorial revisited: revised criteria for the diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Amyotroph. Lateral Scler. Other Mot. Neuron Disord. 1, 293\u2013299 (2000).","journal-title":"Amyotroph. Lateral Scler. Other Mot. Neuron Disord."},{"key":"778_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(94)90191-0","volume":"124","author":"BR Brooks","year":"1994","unstructured":"Brooks, B. R. El Escorial World Federation of Neurology criteria for the diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Subcommittee on Motor Neuron Diseases\/Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis of the World Federation of Neurology Research Group on Neuromuscular Diseases and the El Escorial \u201cClinical limits of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis\u201d workshop contributors. J. Neurol. Sci. 124, 96\u2013107 (1994).","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"778_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2007.09.143","volume":"119","author":"M de Carvalho","year":"2008","unstructured":"de Carvalho, M. et al. Electrodiagnostic criteria for diagnosis of ALS. Clin. Neurophysiol. 119, 497\u2013503 (2008).","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"778_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.26921","volume":"62","author":"R Govindarajan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Govindarajan, R., Berry, J. D., Paganoni, S., Pulley, M. T. & Simmons, Z. Optimizing telemedicine to facilitate amyotrophic lateral sclerosis clinical trials. Muscle Nerve 62, 321\u2013326 (2020).","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"778_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.27110","volume":"63","author":"AL Beukenhorst","year":"2021","unstructured":"Beukenhorst, A. L. et al. Smartphone data during the COVID-19 pandemic can quantify behavioral changes in people with ALS. Muscle Nerve 63, 258\u2013262 (2021).","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"778_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.03417","volume":"6","author":"J-P Onnela","year":"2021","unstructured":"Onnela, J.-P. et al. Beiwe: A data collection platform for high-throughput digital phenotyping. J. Open Source Softw. 6, 1\u20136 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Open Source Softw."},{"key":"778_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/pzx010","volume":"97","author":"D Treacy","year":"2017","unstructured":"Treacy, D. et al. Validity of Different Activity Monitors to Count Steps in an Inpatient Rehabilitation Setting. Phys. Ther. 97, 581\u2013588 (2017).","journal-title":"Phys. Ther."},{"key":"778_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-16003-x","volume":"12","author":"A Neishabouri","year":"2022","unstructured":"Neishabouri, A. et al. Quantification of acceleration as activity counts in ActiGraph wearable. Sci. Rep. 12, 11958 (2022).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"778_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181ed61a3","volume":"43","author":"L Choi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Choi, L., Liu, Z., Matthews, C. E. & Buchowski, M. S. Validation of accelerometer wear and nonwear time classification algorithm. Med Sci. Sports Exerc 43, 357\u2013364 (2011).","journal-title":"Med Sci. Sports Exerc"},{"key":"778_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000289","volume":"46","author":"M Hildebrand","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hildebrand, M., VAN Hees, V. T., Hansen, B. H. & Ekelund, U. Age group comparability of raw accelerometer output from wrist- and hip-worn monitors. Med Sci. Sports Exerc 46, 1816\u20131824 (2014).","journal-title":"Med Sci. Sports Exerc"},{"key":"778_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00026.2015","volume":"119","author":"J Staudenmayer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Staudenmayer, J., He, S., Hickey, A., Sasaki, J. & Freedson, P. Methods to estimate aspects of physical activity and sedentary behavior from high-frequency wrist accelerometer measurements. J. Appl Physiol. (1985) 119, 396\u2013403 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Appl Physiol. (1985)"},{"key":"778_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S555","DOI":"10.1249\/01.mss.0000185651.59486.4e","volume":"37","author":"DJ Catellier","year":"2005","unstructured":"Catellier, D. J. et al. Imputation of missing data when measuring physical activity by accelerometry. Med Sci. Sports Exerc 37, S555\u2013S562 (2005).","journal-title":"Med Sci. Sports Exerc"},{"key":"778_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2017.05.030","volume":"101","author":"VR Varma","year":"2017","unstructured":"Varma, V. R. et al. Re-evaluating the effect of age on physical activity over the lifespan. Prev. Med 101, 102\u2013108 (2017).","journal-title":"Prev. Med"},{"key":"778_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000924","volume":"48","author":"A KOSTER","year":"2016","unstructured":"KOSTER, A. et al. Comparison of Sedentary Estimates between activPAL and Hip- and Wrist-Worn ActiGraph. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 48, 1514\u20131522 (2016).","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"778_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di, J. et al. Patterns of sedentary and active time accumulation are associated with mortality in US adults: The NHANES study. Preprint at https:\/\/www.biorxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/182337v1.full.pdf. (2017).","DOI":"10.1101\/182337"},{"key":"778_CR58","unstructured":"Karas, M., & Onnela, J.-P. Wearable device and smartphone data can track ALS disease progression and may serve as novel clinical trial outcome measures\u2019 R code for all data preprocessing and data analysis, <https:\/\/github.com\/onnela-lab\/als-wearables> (2022)."}],"container-title":["npj Digital Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41746-023-00778-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41746-023-00778-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41746-023-00778-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T11:09:19Z","timestamp":1678100959000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41746-023-00778-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["778"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41746-023-00778-y","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-2248487\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2398-6352"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2398-6352","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 November 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 February 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 March 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare the following competing interests: Stephen A. Johnson \u2013 reports research support from the ALS Association. Marta Karas \u2013 reports no competing interests. Katherine M. Burke \u2013 reports no competing interests. Marcin Straczkiewicz \u2013 reports no competing interests. Zoe A. Scheier \u2013 reports no competing interests. Alison P. Clark \u2013 reports no competing interests. Satoshi Iwasaki \u2013 employee of Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Holdings America, Inc. Amir Lahav \u2013 paid strategic advisor for digital health at Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Holdings America, Inc. He has been paid for consulting services for Redenlab, Curebase, Castor, Lapsi Health, Solo AI, Quantificare, and the Global Platform Alzheimer\u2019s Foundation. He has an unpaid role on the advisory board for the non-profit Everything ALS. Amrita S. Iyer \u2013 reports no competing interests. Jukka-Pekka Onnela \u2013 reports no competing interests. James D. Berry \u2013 reports research support from Biogen, MT Pharma Holdings of America, Transposon Therapeutics, Alexion, Rapa Therapeutics, ALS Association, Muscular Dystrophy Association, ALS One, Tambourine, ALS Finding a Cure. He has been a paid member of an advisory panel for Regeneron, Biogen, Clene Nanomedicine, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Holdings America, Inc., Janssen, RRT. He received an honorarium for educational events for Projects in Knowledge and the Muscular Dystrophy Association. He has unpaid roles on the advisory boards for the non-profits Everything ALS and ALS One. Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Holdings America, Inc. (MTPHA) was a sponsor of this study. MTPHA has not restricted in any way publication of the full data set nor the authors\u2019 right to publish. The academic authors retained full editorial control throughout manuscript preparation.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"34"}}