{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T01:36:44Z","timestamp":1775871404065,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,24]],"date-time":"2023-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679616000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,24]],"date-time":"2023-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["npj Digit. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Digital health tools such as apps are being increasingly used by women to access pregnancy-related information. Conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, this study investigated: (i) pregnant women\u2019s current usage of digital health tools to self-monitor and (ii) their interest in theoretical pregnancy app features (a direct patient-to-healthcare-professional communication tool and a body measurement tool). Using a mixed methods approach, 108 pregnant women were surveyed and 15 currently or recently pregnant women were interviewed online. We found that pregnant women used digital health tools to mainly access pregnancy related information and less so to self-monitor. Most participants were interested and enthusiastic about a patient-to-healthcare-professional communication tool. About half of the survey participants (49%) felt comfortable using a body measurement tool to monitor their body parts and 80% of interview participants were interested in using the body measurement to track leg\/ankle swelling. Participants also shared additional pregnancy app features that they thought would be beneficial such as a \u201cDigital Wallet\u201d and a desire for a holistic pregnancy app that allowed for more continuous and personalised care. This study highlights the gaps and needs of pregnant women and should inform all stakeholders designing pregnancy digital healthcare. This study offers a unique insight into the needs of pregnant women during a very particular and unique period in human history.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-023-00792-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,24]],"date-time":"2023-03-24T05:02:36Z","timestamp":1679634156000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["A mixed-methods study exploring women\u2019s perceptions and recommendations for a pregnancy app with monitoring tools"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Natasa","family":"Lazarevic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8624-4521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carol","family":"Pizzuti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gillian","family":"Rosic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C\u00e9line","family":"B\u0153hm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kathryn","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9504-1459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Corinne","family":"Caillaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"792_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30925-9","volume":"396","author":"GBD Diseases","year":"2020","unstructured":"Diseases, G. B. D. & Injuries, C. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990\u20132019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet 396, 1204\u20131222 (2020).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"792_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.12468","volume":"141","author":"G Gon","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gon, G. et al. The frequency of maternal morbidity: a systematic review of systematic reviews. Int J. Gynaecol. Obstet. 141(Suppl 1), 20\u201338 (2018).","journal-title":"Int J. Gynaecol. Obstet."},{"key":"792_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-021-01070-6","volume":"18","author":"B Kotlar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kotlar, B., Gerson, E., Petrillo, S., Langer, A. & Tiemeier, H. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal and perinatal health: a scoping review. Reprod. Health 18, 10 (2021).","journal-title":"Reprod. Health"},{"key":"792_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e27769","DOI":"10.2196\/27769","volume":"4","author":"K Noddin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Noddin, K., Bradley, D. & Wolfberg, A. Delivery outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic as reported in a pregnancy mobile app: retrospective cohort study. JMIR Pediatr. Parent 4, e27769 (2021).","journal-title":"JMIR Pediatr. Parent"},{"key":"792_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1726505","volume":"30","author":"B Tilahun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tilahun, B., Gashu, K. D., Mekonnen, Z. A., Endehabtu, B. F. & Angaw, D. A. Mapping the role of digital health technologies in prevention and control of COVID-19 pandemic: review of the literature. Yearb. Med Inf. 30, 26\u201337 (2021).","journal-title":"Yearb. Med Inf."},{"key":"792_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2011.03910.x","volume":"21","author":"P Lima-Pereira","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lima-Pereira, P., Bermudez-Tamayo, C. & Jasienska, G. Use of the Internet as a source of health information amongst participants of antenatal classes. J. Clin. Nurs. 21, 322\u2013330 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Nurs."},{"key":"792_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-016-0856-5","volume":"16","author":"P Sayakhot","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sayakhot, P. & Carolan-Olah, M. Internet use by pregnant women seeking pregnancy-related information: a systematic review. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 16, 65 (2016).","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"792_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-016-4093-y","volume":"294","author":"S Wallwiener","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wallwiener, S. et al. Pregnancy eHealth and mHealth: user proportions and characteristics of pregnant women using Web-based information sources\u2014a cross-sectional study. Arch. Gynecol. Obstet. 294, 937\u2013944 (2016).","journal-title":"Arch. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"key":"792_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-021-03162-y","volume":"25","author":"S Ozkan Sat","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ozkan Sat, S. & Yaman Sozbir, S. Use of mobile applications by pregnant women and levels of pregnancy distress during the COVID-19 (Coronavirus) Pandemic. Matern Child Health J. 25, 1057\u20131068 (2021).","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J."},{"key":"792_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Musgrave, L. M., Kizirian, N. V., Homer, C. S. E. & Gordon, A. Mobile phone apps in Australia for improving pregnancy outcomes: systematic search on app stores. JMIR mHealth and uHealth 8, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/22340 (2020).","DOI":"10.2196\/22340"},{"key":"792_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e27995","DOI":"10.2196\/27995","volume":"9","author":"A Munoz-Mancisidor","year":"2021","unstructured":"Munoz-Mancisidor, A., Martin-Payo, R., Gonzalez-Mendez, X. & Fernandez-Alvarez, M. D. M. Content, behavior change techniques, and quality of pregnancy apps in spain: systematic search on app stores. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 9, e27995 (2021).","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"key":"792_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Brown, H. M., Bucher, T., Collins, C. E. & Rollo, M. E. A review of pregnancy apps freely available in the Google Play Store. Health Promot. J. Aust.: Off. J. Aust. Assoc. Health Promot. Prof. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hpja.270 (2019).","DOI":"10.1002\/hpja.270"},{"key":"792_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kraschnewski, J. L. et al. Paging \u201cDr. Google\u201d: Does technology fill the gap created by the prenatal care visit structure? Qualitative focus group study with pregnant women. J. Med. Internet Res. 16, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/jmir.3385 (2014).","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.3385"},{"key":"792_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"826896","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.826896","volume":"10","author":"H Yu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yu, H. et al. A comparison of functional features of Chinese and US mobile apps for pregnancy and postnatal care: a systematic app store search and content analysis. Front Public Health 10, 826896 (2022).","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"792_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hughson, J.-A. P., Daly, J. O., Woodward-Kron, R., Hajek, J. & Story, D. The rise of pregnancy apps and the implications for culturally and linguistically diverse women: narrative review. JMIR mHealth and uHealth 6, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/mhealth.9119 (2018).","DOI":"10.2196\/mhealth.9119"},{"key":"792_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1718","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.14552","volume":"124","author":"JC Willcox","year":"2017","unstructured":"Willcox, J. C. et al. A mobile health intervention promoting healthy gestational weight gain for women entering pregnancy at a high body mass index: the txt4two pilot randomised controlled trial. BJOG 124, 1718\u20131728 (2017).","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"792_CR17","unstructured":"Dahl, A. A. Healthy Motivations for Moms-To-Be (Healthy MoM2B) Study: A mobile health intervention targeting gestational weight gain among U.S. women. Doctoral dissertation thesis, University of South Carolina, (2018)."},{"key":"792_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2016.01.008","volume":"29","author":"D Lupton","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lupton, D. & Pedersen, S. An Australian survey of women\u2019s use of pregnancy and parenting apps. Women Birth 29, 368\u2013375 (2016).","journal-title":"Women Birth"},{"key":"792_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e11842","DOI":"10.2196\/11842","volume":"7","author":"M Alam","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alam, M., Banwell, C., Olsen, A. & Lokuge, K. Patients\u2019 and doctors\u2019 perceptions of a mobile phone-based consultation service for maternal, neonatal, and infant health care in Bangladesh: a mixed-methods study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 7, e11842 (2019).","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"key":"792_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-022-00557-1","volume":"5","author":"JS Marwaha","year":"2022","unstructured":"Marwaha, J. S., Landman, A. B., Brat, G. A., Dunn, T. & Gordon, W. J. Deploying digital health tools within large, complex health systems: key considerations for adoption and implementation. NPJ Digit. Med. 5, 13 (2022).","journal-title":"NPJ Digit. Med."},{"key":"792_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e29566","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000029566","volume":"101","author":"AP Zielinska","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zielinska, A. P., Mullins, E. & Lees, C. The feasibility of multimodality remote monitoring of maternal physiology during pregnancy. Med. (Baltim.) 101, e29566 (2022).","journal-title":"Med. (Baltim.)"},{"key":"792_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-015-0522-3","volume":"15","author":"U Padmanabhan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Padmanabhan, U., Summerbell, C. D. & Heslehurst, N. A qualitative study exploring pregnant women\u2019s weight-related attitudes and beliefs in UK: the BLOOM study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 15, 99 (2015).","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"792_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2207","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.3635","volume":"317","author":"RF Goldstein","year":"2017","unstructured":"Goldstein, R. F. et al. Association of gestational weight gain with maternal and infant outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 317, 2207\u20132225 (2017).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"792_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.3820","volume":"321","author":"O LifeCycle Project-Maternal","year":"2019","unstructured":"LifeCycle Project-Maternal, O. et al. Association of gestational weight gain with adverse maternal and infant outcomes. JAMA 321, 1702\u20131715 (2019).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"792_CR25","first-page":"467","volume":"7","author":"J Uzan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Uzan, J., Carbonnel, M., Piconne, O., Asmar, R. & Ayoubi, J. M. Pre-eclampsia: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management. Vasc. Health Risk Manag. 7, 467\u2013474 (2011).","journal-title":"Vasc. Health Risk Manag."},{"key":"792_CR26","first-page":"245","volume":"100","author":"BL Rooney","year":"2002","unstructured":"Rooney, B. L. & Schauberger, C. W. Excess pregnancy weight gain and long-term obesity: one decade later. Obstet. Gynecol. 100, 245\u2013252 (2002).","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"792_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2007.149","volume":"15","author":"AR Amorim","year":"2007","unstructured":"Amorim, A. R., Rossner, S., Neovius, M., Lourenco, P. M. & Linne, Y. Does excess pregnancy weight gain constitute a major risk for increasing long-term BMI? Obes. (Silver Spring) 15, 1278\u20131286 (2007).","journal-title":"Obes. (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"792_CR28","first-page":"261","volume":"53","author":"A Korkmaz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Korkmaz, A., Teksam, O., Yurdakok, M., Yigit, S. & Tekinalp, G. Fetal malnutrition and its impacts on neonatal outcome in preterm infants. Turk. J. Pediatr. 53, 261\u2013268 (2011).","journal-title":"Turk. J. Pediatr."},{"key":"792_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0144639","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0144639","volume":"10","author":"SA Rahman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rahman, S. A. & Adjeroh, D. Surface-based body shape index and its relationship with all-cause mortality. PLoS One 10, e0144639 (2015).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"792_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-018-0323-8","volume":"10","author":"F Gomez-Peralta","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gomez-Peralta, F. et al. Relationship between \u201ca body shape index (ABSI)\u201d and body composition in obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetol. Metab. Syndr. 10, 21 (2018).","journal-title":"Diabetol. Metab. Syndr."},{"key":"792_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1097\/NT.0000000000000092","volume":"50","author":"FQ Nuttall","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nuttall, F. Q. Body mass index: obesity, bmi, and health: a critical review. Nutr. Today 50, 117\u2013128 (2015).","journal-title":"Nutr. Today"},{"key":"792_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20262","volume":"129","author":"AM Nevill","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nevill, A. M., Stewart, A. D., Olds, T. & Holder, R. Relationship between adiposity and body size reveals limitations of BMI. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 129, 151\u2013156 (2006).","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"792_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0227325","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0227325","volume":"15","author":"S Relph","year":"2020","unstructured":"Relph, S., Ong, M., Vieira, M. C., Pasupathy, D. & Sandall, J. Perceptions of risk and influences of choice in pregnant women with obesity. An evidence synthesis of qualitative research. PLoS One 15, e0227325 (2020).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"792_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.21715","volume":"25","author":"MC Vieira","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vieira, M. C. et al. Clinical and biochemical factors associated with preeclampsia in women with obesity. Obes. (Silver Spring) 25, 460\u2013467 (2017).","journal-title":"Obes. (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"792_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0167846","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0167846","volume":"11","author":"SL White","year":"2016","unstructured":"White, S. L. et al. Early antenatal prediction of gestational diabetes in obese women: development of prediction tools for targeted intervention. PLoS One 11, e0167846 (2016).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"792_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2008.06.012","volume":"47","author":"P Sebo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sebo, P., Beer-Borst, S., Haller, D. M. & Bovier, P. A. Reliability of doctors\u2019 anthropometric measurements to detect obesity. Prev. Med. 47, 389\u2013393 (2008).","journal-title":"Prev. Med."},{"key":"792_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40608-017-0158-0","volume":"4","author":"P Sebo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sebo, P., Herrmann, F. R. & Haller, D. M. Accuracy of anthropometric measurements by general practitioners in overweight and obese patients. BMC Obes. 4, 23 (2017).","journal-title":"BMC Obes."},{"key":"792_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang, N., Deng, Z., Wen, L. M., Ding, Y. & He, G. Understanding the use of smartphone apps for health information among pregnant Chinese women: Mixed Methods Study. JMIR mHealth and uHealth 7, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/12631 (2019).","DOI":"10.2196\/12631"},{"key":"792_CR39","first-page":"1","volume":"31","author":"W Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang, W., Sun, L., Liu, T. & Lai, T. The use of E-health during the COVID-19 pandemic: a case study in China\u2019s Hubei province. Health Sociol Rev. 31, 1\u201317 (2021).","journal-title":"Health Sociol Rev."},{"key":"792_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lupton, D. \u2018It Just Gives Me a Bit of Peace of Mind\u2019: Australian women\u2019s use of digital media for pregnancy and early motherhood. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/SOC7030025 (2017).","DOI":"10.3390\/SOC7030025"},{"key":"792_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e33735","DOI":"10.2196\/33735","volume":"10","author":"N Alfawzan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alfawzan, N., Christen, M., Spitale, G. & Biller-Andorno, N. Privacy, data sharing, and data security policies of women\u2019s mhealth apps: scoping review and content analysis. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 10, e33735 (2022).","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"key":"792_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.4258\/hir.2016.22.2.73","volume":"22","author":"Y Lee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lee, Y. & Moon, M. Utilization and content evaluation of mobile applications for pregnancy, birth, and child care. Healthc. Inform. Res. 22, 73\u201380 (2016).","journal-title":"Healthc. Inform. Res."},{"key":"792_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e31607","DOI":"10.2196\/31607","volume":"10","author":"MJ Hayman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hayman, M. J. et al. Evaluating evidence-based content, features of exercise instruction, and expert involvement in physical activity apps for pregnant women: systematic search and content analysis. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 10, e31607 (2022).","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"key":"792_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"nzac087","DOI":"10.1093\/cdn\/nzac087","volume":"6","author":"JPM Faessen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Faessen, J. P. M. et al. Eating for 2: a systematic review of dutch app stores for apps promoting a healthy diet during pregnancy. Curr. Dev. Nutr. 6, nzac087 (2022).","journal-title":"Curr. Dev. Nutr."},{"key":"792_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e25667","DOI":"10.2196\/25667","volume":"23","author":"G Frid","year":"2021","unstructured":"Frid, G., Bogaert, K. & Chen, K. T. Mobile health apps for pregnant women: systematic search, evaluation, and analysis of features. J. Med. Internet Res. 23, e25667 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"792_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e29151","DOI":"10.2196\/29151","volume":"23","author":"L Brunelli","year":"2021","unstructured":"Brunelli, L. et al. Gaps and future challenges of Italian apps for pregnancy and postnatal care: systematic search on app stores. J. Med. Internet Res. 23, e29151 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"792_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1007\/s41347-017-0030-6","volume":"3","author":"AA Dahl","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dahl, A A., Dunn, C. G., Boutt\u201a, A K., Crimarco, A. & Turner-McGrievy, G. Mobilizing mHealth for moms: a review of mobile apps for tracking gestational weight gain. J. Technol. Behav. Sci. 3, 32\u201340 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Technol. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"792_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e23649","DOI":"10.2196\/23649","volume":"9","author":"M Hayman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hayman, M. et al. Quality, features, and presence of behavior change techniques in mobile apps designed to improve physical activity in pregnant women: systematic search and content analysis. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 9, e23649 (2021).","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"key":"792_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e113","DOI":"10.2196\/mhealth.6023","volume":"4","author":"R Gunter","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gunter, R. et al. Evaluating patient usability of an image-based mobile health platform for postoperative wound monitoring. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 4, e113 (2016).","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"key":"792_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.22969","volume":"327","author":"D Capurro","year":"2022","unstructured":"Capurro, D., Coghlan, S. & Pires, D. E. V. Preventing digital overdiagnosis. JAMA 327, 525\u2013526 (2022).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"792_CR51","first-page":"121","volume":"294","author":"A Goldsteen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Goldsteen, A., Farkash, A., Moffie, M. & Shmelkin, R. Applying artificial intelligence privacy technology in the healthcare domain. Stud. Health Technol. Inf. 294, 121\u2013122 (2022).","journal-title":"Stud. Health Technol. Inf."},{"key":"792_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Galle, A. et al. A double-edged sword-telemedicine for maternal care during COVID-19: findings from a global mixed-methods study of healthcare providers. BMJ Glob. Health 6, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjgh-2020-004575 (2021).","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2020-004575"},{"key":"792_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S80","DOI":"10.4103\/sja.SJA_203_17","volume":"11","author":"S Tsang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tsang, S., Royse, C. F. & Terkawi, A. S. Guidelines for developing, translating, and validating a questionnaire in perioperative and pain medicine. Saudi J. Anaesth. 11, S80\u2013S89 (2017).","journal-title":"Saudi J. Anaesth."},{"key":"792_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1007\/s40271-022-00581-z","volume":"15","author":"D Barthold","year":"2022","unstructured":"Barthold, D., Brah, A. T., Graham, S. M., Simoni, J. M. & Hauber, B. Improvements to survey design from pilot testing a discrete-choice experiment of the preferences of persons living with hiv for long-acting antiretroviral therapies. Patient 15, 513\u2013520 (2022).","journal-title":"Patient"},{"key":"792_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12910-015-0072-2","volume":"16","author":"F Goodyear-Smith","year":"2015","unstructured":"Goodyear-Smith, F., Jackson, C. & Greenhalgh, T. Co-design and implementation research: challenges and solutions for ethics committees. BMC Med. Ethics 16, 78 (2015).","journal-title":"BMC Med. Ethics"},{"key":"792_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e10318","DOI":"10.2196\/10318","volume":"21","author":"O Bhattacharyya","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bhattacharyya, O., Mossman, K., Gustafsson, L. & Schneider, E. C. Using human-centered design to build a digital health advisor for patients with complex needs: persona and prototype development. J. Med. Internet Res. 21, e10318 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"792_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-022-00663-0","volume":"5","author":"S Richardson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Richardson, S., Lawrence, K., Schoenthaler, A. M. & Mann, D. A framework for digital health equity. NPJ Digit. Med. 5, 119 (2022).","journal-title":"NPJ Digit. Med."},{"key":"792_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146045822110431","DOI":"10.1177\/14604582211043146","volume":"27","author":"L Buchanan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Buchanan, L. et al. Sources of information and the use of mobile applications for health and parenting information during pregnancy: implications for health promotion. Health Inform. J. 27, 14604582211043146 (2021).","journal-title":"Health Inform. J."},{"key":"792_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2018.304563","volume":"108","author":"HB Shulman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shulman, H. B., D\u2019Angelo, D. V., Harrison, L., Smith, R. A. & Warner, L. The pregnancy risk assessment monitoring system (prams): overview of design and methodology. Am. J. Public Health 108, 1305\u20131313 (2018).","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"792_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2014.09.006","volume":"12","author":"TL Tylka","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tylka, T. L. & Wood-Barcalow, N. L. The body appreciation scale-2: item refinement and psychometric evaluation. Body Image 12, 53\u201367 (2015).","journal-title":"Body Image"},{"key":"792_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000441","volume":"29","author":"B Watson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Watson, B., Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, M., Broadbent, J. & Skouteris, H. Development and validation of a tailored measure of body image for pregnant women. Psychol. Assess. 29, 1363\u20131375 (2017).","journal-title":"Psychol. Assess."},{"key":"792_CR62","unstructured":"Day, M. On Trauma and Safety: Toward Trauma-Informed Research Methods. (2018)."},{"key":"792_CR63","unstructured":"StatQuest. Logistic Regression in R, Clearly Explained. (26 Jul 2018)."},{"key":"792_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26152","DOI":"10.3402\/qhw.v9.26152","volume":"9","author":"V Braun","year":"2014","unstructured":"Braun, V. & Clarke, V. What can \u201cthematic analysis\u201d offer health and wellbeing researchers? Int J. Qual. Stud. Health Well-Being 9, 26152 (2014).","journal-title":"Int J. Qual. Stud. Health Well-Being"},{"key":"792_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1177\/1525822X16640447","volume":"29","author":"AK Hagaman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hagaman, A. K. & Wutich, A. How many interviews are enough to identify metathemes in multisited and cross-cultural research? another perspective on Guest, Bunce, and Johnson\u2019s (2006) Landmark Study. Field Methods 29, 23\u201341 (2017).","journal-title":"Field Methods"},{"key":"792_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-018-0594-7","volume":"18","author":"K Vasileiou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vasileiou, K., Barnett, J., Thorpe, S. & Young, T. Characterising and justifying sample size sufficiency in interview-based studies: systematic analysis of qualitative health research over a 15-year period. BMC Med. Res. Methodol. 18, 148 (2018).","journal-title":"BMC Med. Res. Methodol."},{"key":"792_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1893","DOI":"10.1007\/s11135-017-0574-8","volume":"52","author":"B Saunders","year":"2018","unstructured":"Saunders, B. et al. Saturation in qualitative research: exploring its conceptualization and operationalization. Qual. Quant. 52, 1893\u20131907 (2018).","journal-title":"Qual. Quant."}],"container-title":["npj Digital Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41746-023-00792-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41746-023-00792-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41746-023-00792-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,24]],"date-time":"2023-03-24T06:05:00Z","timestamp":1679637900000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41746-023-00792-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,24]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["792"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41746-023-00792-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["2398-6352"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2398-6352","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 September 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 March 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 March 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"50"}}