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Very little is known about the benefit of internet-based and mobile-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (IM-CBT) on physical outcomes and its reciprocal interactions with psychiatric outcomes, the active therapeutic elements, and effect moderators among people with major chronic medical conditions. In this systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO: CRD42022265738), CINAHL of Systematic Reviews, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science are systematically searched up to 1 June 2022, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing IM-CBT against non-CBT control condition(s) among people with chronic disease(s). Primary outcomes include improvements in psychiatric symptoms (depressive, anxiety, PTSD symptoms, general psychological distress) from baseline to post-intervention and follow-ups. Secondary outcomes include improvements in physical distress (physical symptoms, functional impairment, self-rated ill health, objective physiological dysfunction). Among 44 RCTs (5077 patients with seven different chronic diseases), IM-CBT improves depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and general psychological distress at post-intervention and across follow-ups, and improves physical distress and functional impairment at post-intervention. Preliminary evidence suggests that behavioral modification and problem-solving could be necessary components to reduce psychiatric symptoms in IM-CBT, whereas cognitive restructuring, psychoeducation, and mindfulness elements relate to reduced physical distress. IM-CBT shows stronger benefits in chronic pain, cancer, arthritis, and cardiovascular disease, relative to other conditions. Changes in psychiatric symptoms and physical distress prospectively predict each other over time. IM-CBT is an effective intervention for comprehensive symptom management among people with chronic diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-023-00809-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]],"date-time":"2023-04-28T11:02:28Z","timestamp":1682679748000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Internet-based and mobile-based cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5809-4631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiffany Junchen","family":"Tao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Teck Kuan","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ernest Tsun Fung","family":"Yeung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Huinan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Phoenix Bibha","family":"Shris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lawrence Ka Yin","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tatia Mei Chun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1402-2318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wai Kai","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"809_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31460-X","volume":"388","author":"GBD.","year":"2016","unstructured":"GBD. 2015 DALYs & HALE Collaborators. 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