{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T12:12:45Z","timestamp":1773403965105,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716422400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716422400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["npj Digit. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Increasing evidence suggests an association between exercise duration and Parkinson\u2019s disease. However, no high-quality prospective evidence exists confirming whether differences exist between the two modes of exercise, weekend warrior and equal distribution of exercise duration, and Parkinson\u2019s risk. Hence, this study aimed to explore the association between different exercise patterns and Parkinson\u2019s risk using exercise data from the UK Biobank. The study analyzed data from 89,400 UK Biobank participants without Parkinson\u2019s disease. Exercise data were collected using the Axivity AX3 wrist-worn triaxial accelerometer. Participants were categorized into three groups: inactive, regularly active, and engaged in the weekend warrior (WW) pattern. The relationship between these exercise patterns and Parkinson\u2019s risk was assessed using a multifactorial Cox model. During a mean follow-up of 12.32 years, 329 individuals developed Parkinson\u2019s disease. In a multifactorial Cox model, using the World Health Organization\u2013recommended threshold of 150\u2009min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per week, both the active WW group [hazard ratio (HR)\u2009=\u20090.58; 95% confidence interval (CI)\u2009=\u20090.43\u20130.78; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001] and the active regular group (HR\u2009=\u20090.44; 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.34\u20130.57; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) exhibited a lower risk of developing Parkinson\u2019s disease compared with the inactive group. Further, no statistically significant difference was observed between the active WW and the active regular groups (HR\u2009=\u20090.77; 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.56\u20131.05; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.099). In conclusion, in this cohort study, both the WW exercise pattern and an equal distribution of exercise hours were equally effective in reducing Parkinson\u2019s risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-024-01135-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T15:02:53Z","timestamp":1716476573000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Association of physical activity pattern and risk of Parkinson\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Fabin","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yixiang","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tianxin","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jiarui","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Xiaoyang","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Xiaochun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yingqing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0021-0257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qinyong","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0264-2125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guoen","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"1135_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000247740.47667.03","volume":"68","author":"ER Dorsey","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dorsey, E. R. et al. Projected number of people with Parkinson disease in the most populous nations, 2005 through 2030. Neurology 68, 384\u2013386 (2007).","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"1135_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2012.06.025","volume":"57","author":"JR Cannon","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cannon, J. R. & Greenamyre, J. T. Gene-environment interactions in Parkinson\u2019s disease: specific evidence in humans and mammalian models. Neurobiol. Dis. 57, 38\u201346 (2013).","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"1135_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-022-02509-1","volume":"129","author":"H Reichmann","year":"2022","unstructured":"Reichmann, H. et al. Life style and Parkinson\u2019s disease. J. Neural Transm. (Vienna) 129, 1235\u20131245 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm. (Vienna)"},{"key":"1135_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e859","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000013218","volume":"98","author":"K Tsukita","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tsukita, K., Sakamaki-Tsukita, H. & Takahashi, R. Long-term Effect of Regular Physical Activity and Exercise Habits in Patients With Early Parkinson Disease. Neurology 98, e859\u2013e871 (2022).","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"1135_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0181515","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0181515","volume":"12","author":"PL Wu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wu, P. L., Lee, M. & Huang, T. T. Effectiveness of physical activity on patients with depression and Parkinson\u2019s disease: a systematic review. PLoS One 12, e0181515 (2017).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1135_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2019.06.003","volume":"147","author":"X Xu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xu, X., Fu, Z. & Le, W. Exercise and Parkinson\u2019s disease. Int Rev. Neurobiol. 147, 45\u201374 (2019).","journal-title":"Int Rev. Neurobiol."},{"key":"1135_CR7","unstructured":"in Global Recommendations on Physical Activity for Health (World Health Organization Copyright \u00a9 World Health Organization 2010, 2010)."},{"key":"1135_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.10875","volume":"330","author":"S Khurshid","year":"2023","unstructured":"Khurshid, S., Al-Alusi, M. A., Churchill, T. W., Guseh, J. S. & Ellinor, P. T. Accelerometer-Derived \u201cWeekend Warrior\u201d Physical Activity and Incident Cardiovascular Disease. Jama 330, 247\u2013252 (2023).","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"1135_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2016.8014","volume":"177","author":"G O\u2019Donovan","year":"2017","unstructured":"O\u2019Donovan, G., Lee, I. M., Hamer, M. & Stamatakis, E. Association of \u201cWeekend Warrior\u201d and Other Leisure Time Physical Activity Patterns With Risks for All-Cause, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer Mortality. JAMA Intern. Med 177, 335\u2013342 (2017).","journal-title":"JAMA Intern. Med"},{"key":"1135_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.55782\/ane-2023-002","volume":"83","author":"\u00c7 \u00d6zt\u00fcrk","year":"2023","unstructured":"\u00d6zt\u00fcrk, \u00c7. et al. Weekend warrior exercise model for protection from chronic mild stress\u2011induced depression and ongoing cognitive impairment. Acta Neurobiol. Exp. (Wars.) 83, 10\u201324 (2023).","journal-title":"Acta Neurobiol. Exp. (Wars.)"},{"key":"1135_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000151960.28687.93","volume":"64","author":"H Chen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chen, H., Zhang, S. M., Schwarzschild, M. A., Hern\u00e1n, M. A. & Ascherio, A. Physical activity and the risk of Parkinson disease. Neurology 64, 664\u2013669 (2005).","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"1135_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e182421","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2018.2421","volume":"1","author":"X Fang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fang, X. et al. Association of Levels of Physical Activity With Risk of Parkinson Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Netw. Open 1, e182421 (2018).","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"1135_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181ea1597","volume":"75","author":"Q Xu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Xu, Q. et al. Physical activities and future risk of Parkinson disease. Neurology 75, 341\u2013348 (2010).","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"1135_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2021.08.015","volume":"135","author":"DA Hartnett","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hartnett, D. A., Milner, J. D. & DeFroda, S. F. The Weekend Warrior: Common Shoulder and Elbow Injuries in the Recreational Athlete. Am. J. Med 135, 297\u2013301 (2022).","journal-title":"Am. J. Med"},{"key":"1135_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1001779","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001779","volume":"12","author":"C Sudlow","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sudlow, C. et al. UK biobank: an open access resource for identifying the causes of a wide range of complex diseases of middle and old age. PLoS Med 12, e1001779 (2015).","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"1135_CR16","unstructured":"UK Biobank, Physical activity monitor (accelerometer) Version 1.0, https:\/\/biobank.ndph.ox.ac.uk\/showcase\/refer.cgi?id=131600 (2016)."},{"key":"1135_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0169649","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0169649","volume":"12","author":"A Doherty","year":"2017","unstructured":"Doherty, A. et al. Large Scale Population Assessment of Physical Activity Using Wrist Worn Accelerometers: The UK Biobank Study. PLoS One 12, e0169649 (2017).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1135_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"da Silva, I. C. et al. Physical activity levels in three Brazilian birth cohorts as assessed with raw triaxial wrist accelerometry. 43, 1959-1968 (2014).","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyu203"},{"key":"1135_CR19","unstructured":"Ladha, C., Ladha, K., Jackson, D. & Olivier, P. Shaker table validation of OpenMovement AX3 accelerometer. Ahmerst (ICAMPAM 2013 AMHERST): In 3rd International Conference on Ambulatory Monitoring of Physical Activity and Movement, 69-70 (2013)."},{"key":"1135_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van Hees, V. T. et al. Autocalibration of accelerometer data for free-living physical activity assessment using local gravity and temperature: an evaluation on four continents. 117, 738-744 (2014).","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00421.2014"},{"key":"1135_CR21","unstructured":"UK Biobank. Algorithmicallydefined outcomes(ADOs), https:\/\/biobank.ndph.ox.ac.uk\/showcase\/refer.cgi?id=460 (2022)."},{"key":"1135_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2022.4699","volume":"80","author":"D Belete","year":"2023","unstructured":"Belete, D. et al. Association Between Antiepileptic Drugs and Incident Parkinson Disease. JAMA Neurol. 80, 183\u2013187 (2023).","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"1135_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2020-323646","volume":"91","author":"BM Jacobs","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jacobs, B. M. et al. Parkinson\u2019s disease determinants, prediction and gene-environment interactions in the UK Biobank. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 91, 1046\u20131054 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"1135_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Larsson, S. C., Woolf, B. & Gill, D. Plasma Caffeine Levels and Risk of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and Parkinson\u2019s Disease: Mendelian Randomization Study. Nutrients 14, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu14091697 (2022).","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14091697"},{"key":"1135_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyac022","volume":"51","author":"M Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang, M. et al. Ambient air pollution, healthy diet and vegetable intakes, and mortality: a prospective UK Biobank study. Int J. Epidemiol. 51, 1243\u20131253 (2022).","journal-title":"Int J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"1135_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.11.006","volume":"71","author":"PK Whelton","year":"2018","unstructured":"Whelton, P. K. et al. 2017 ACC\/AHA\/AAPA\/ABC\/ACPM\/AGS\/APhA\/ASH\/ASPC\/NMA\/PCNA Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 71, e127\u2013e248 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."}],"container-title":["npj Digital Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41746-024-01135-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41746-024-01135-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41746-024-01135-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T15:11:29Z","timestamp":1716477089000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41746-024-01135-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1135"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41746-024-01135-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2398-6352"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2398-6352","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 December 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 May 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 May 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"137"}}