{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T12:58:07Z","timestamp":1777640287595,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]],"date-time":"2024-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718841600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]],"date-time":"2024-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718841600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009192","name":"Alberta Innovates","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G2017000328"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G2017000328"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009192","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000001","name":"Alberta Cancer Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ACF 26001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ACF 26001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000109","name":"Prostate Cancer Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PCC MTA TAG2014-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PCC MTA TAG2014-03"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000109","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Prostate Cancer Fight Foundation and the Ride for Dad."}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["npj Digit. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The current prostate cancer (PCa) screen test, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), has a high sensitivity for PCa but low specificity for high-risk, clinically significant PCa (csPCa), resulting in overdiagnosis and overtreatment of non-csPCa. Early identification of csPCa while avoiding unnecessary biopsies in men with non-csPCa is challenging. We built an optimized machine learning platform (ClarityDX) and showed its utility in generating models predicting csPCa. Integrating the ClarityDX platform with blood-based biomarkers for clinically significant PCa and clinical biomarker data from a 3448-patient cohort, we developed a test to stratify patients\u2019 risk of csPCa; called ClarityDX Prostate. When predicting high risk cancer in the validation cohort, ClarityDX Prostate showed 95% sensitivity, 35% specificity, 54% positive predictive value, and 91% negative predictive value, at a\u2009\u2265\u200925% threshold. Using ClarityDX Prostate at this threshold could avoid up to 35% of unnecessary prostate biopsies. ClarityDX Prostate showed higher accuracy for predicting the risk of csPCa than PSA alone and the tested model-based risk calculators. Using this test as a reflex test in men with elevated PSA levels may help patients and their healthcare providers decide if a prostate biopsy is necessary.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-024-01167-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]],"date-time":"2024-06-20T17:02:54Z","timestamp":1718902974000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Development of an effective predictive screening tool for prostate cancer using the ClarityDX machine learning platform"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"M. Eric","family":"Hyndman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Paproski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Kinnaird","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Fairey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Leonard","family":"Marks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Christian P.","family":"Pavlovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sean A.","family":"Fletcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Roman","family":"Zachoval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Vanda","family":"Adamcova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jiri","family":"Stejskal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Armen","family":"Aprikian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5990-4026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher J. D.","family":"Wallis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Desmond","family":"Pink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Catalina","family":"Vasquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Perrin H.","family":"Beatty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7734-1204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John D.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"1167_CR1","first-page":"209","volume":"71","author":"H Sung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sung, H. et al. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries. CA: A Cancer J. Clin. 71, 209\u2013249 (2021).","journal-title":"CA: A Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"1167_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Desai, C., Ehsanullah, S. A., Bhojwani, A. & Dhanasekaran, A. 648\u2003External Validation of The European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer Risk Calculator 3 (ERSPC-RC3) In the Detection of Prostate Cancer and Avoiding Unnecessary Prostate Biopsies. British J. Surg. 108 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bjs\/znab134.566 (2021).","DOI":"10.1093\/bjs\/znab134.566"},{"key":"1167_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.21037\/tau.2017.12.12","volume":"7","author":"JFM Verbeek","year":"2018","unstructured":"Verbeek, J. F. M. & Roobol, M. J. What is an acceptable false negative rate in the detection of prostate cancer? Transl. Androl. Urol. 7, 54\u201360 (2018).","journal-title":"Transl. Androl. Urol."},{"key":"1167_CR4","first-page":"221","volume":"19","author":"AV Alford","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alford, A. V. et al. The use of biomarkers in prostate cancer screening and treatment. Rev. Urol. 19, 221\u2013234 (2017).","journal-title":"Rev. Urol."},{"key":"1167_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajur.2021.06.003","volume":"8","author":"EK Chang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chang, E. K., Gadzinski, A. J. & Nyame, Y. A. Blood and urine biomarkers in prostate cancer: Are we ready for reflex testing in men with an elevated prostate-specific antigen? Asian J. Urol. 8, 343\u2013353 (2021).","journal-title":"Asian J. Urol."},{"key":"1167_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2019.08.005","volume":"77","author":"MB Culp","year":"2020","unstructured":"Culp, M. B., Soerjomataram, I., Efstathiou, J. A., Bray, F. & Jemal, A. Recent global patterns in prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates. Eur. Urol. 77, 38\u201352 (2020).","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"key":"1167_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1038\/s41585-022-00638-6","volume":"19","author":"H Van Poppel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Van Poppel, H. et al. Serum PSA-based early detection of prostate cancer in Europe and globally: past, present and future. Nat. Rev. Urol. 19, 562\u2013572 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Urol."},{"key":"1167_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7742","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.3395","volume":"9","author":"AM Getaneh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Getaneh, A. M., Heijnsdijk, E. A., Roobol, M. J. & de Koning, H. J. Assessment of harms, benefits, and cost\u2010effectiveness of prostate cancer screening: A micro\u2010simulation study of 230 scenarios. Cancer Med. 9, 7742\u20137750 (2020).","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"key":"1167_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2021.07.024","volume":"80","author":"H Van Poppel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Van Poppel, H. et al. Prostate-specific antigen testing as part of a risk-adapted early detection strategy for prostate cancer: european association of urology position and recommendations for 2021. Eur. Urol. 80, 703\u2013711 (2021).","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"key":"1167_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60525-0","volume":"384","author":"FH Schr\u00f6der","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schr\u00f6der, F. H. et al. The European randomized study of screening for prostate cancer \u2013 prostate cancer mortality at 13 years of follow-up. Lancet 384, 2027\u20132035 (2014).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1167_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2020.09.042","volume":"79","author":"N Mottet","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mottet, N. et al. EAU-EANM-ESTRO-ESUR-SIOG guidelines on prostate cancer\u20142020 update. Part 1: screening, diagnosis, and local treatment with curative intent. Eur. Urol. 79, 243\u2013262 (2021).","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"key":"1167_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2015.12.002","volume":"19","author":"EA Heijnsdijk","year":"2016","unstructured":"Heijnsdijk, E. A., Denham, D. & de Koning, H. J. The cost-effectiveness of prostate cancer detection with the use of prostate health index. Value Health 19, 153\u2013157 (2016).","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"1167_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.6036","volume":"314","author":"MR Cooperberg","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cooperberg, M. R. & Carroll, P. R. Trends in management for patients with localized prostate cancer, 1990-2013. Jama 314, 80\u201382 (2015).","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"1167_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1914","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.3712","volume":"319","author":"JJ Fenton","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fenton, J. J. et al. Prostate-specific antigen-based screening for prostate cancer: evidence report and systematic review for the US preventive services task force. Jama 319, 1914\u20131931 (2018).","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"1167_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.21037\/tau.2017.12.28","volume":"7","author":"F-JH Drost","year":"2018","unstructured":"Drost, F.-J. H. et al. Can active surveillance really reduce the harms of overdiagnosing prostate cancer? A reflection of real life clinical practice in the PRIAS study. Transl. Androl. Urol. 7, 98\u2013105 (2018).","journal-title":"Transl. Androl. Urol."},{"key":"1167_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2014.06.010","volume":"67","author":"S Loeb","year":"2015","unstructured":"Loeb, S. et al. Five-year nationwide follow-up study of active surveillance for prostate cancer. Eur. Urol. 67, 233\u2013238 (2015).","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"key":"1167_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1038\/s41585-019-0212-4","volume":"17","author":"A Stabile","year":"2019","unstructured":"Stabile, A. et al. Multiparametric MRI for prostate cancer diagnosis: current status and future directions. Nat. Rev. Urol. 17, 41\u201361 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Urol."},{"key":"1167_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2018.07.031","volume":"75","author":"AR Alberts","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alberts, A. R. et al. Prediction of high-grade prostate cancer following multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging: improving the rotterdam european randomized study of screening for prostate cancer risk calculators. Eur. Urol. 75, 310\u2013318 (2019).","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"key":"1167_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1080\/21681805.2021.1881612","volume":"55","author":"K Kohestani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kohestani, K. et al. The G\u00d6TEBORG prostate cancer screening 2 trial: a prospective, randomised, population-based prostate cancer screening trial with prostate-specific antigen testing followed by magnetic resonance imaging of the prostate. Scand. J. Urol. 55, 116\u2013124 (2021).","journal-title":"Scand. J. Urol."},{"key":"1167_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Drost, F. J. H. et al. Prostate MRI, with or without MRI\u2010targeted biopsy, and systematic biopsy for detecting prostate cancer. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD012663.pub2 (2019).","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012663.pub2"},{"key":"1167_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euf.2017.11.010","volume":"5","author":"GA Sonn","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sonn, G. A. et al. Prostate magnetic resonance imaging interpretation varies substantially across radiologists. Eur. Urol. focus 5, 592\u2013599 (2019).","journal-title":"Eur. Urol. focus"},{"key":"1167_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020190646","volume":"296","author":"AC Westphalen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Westphalen, A. C. et al. Variability of the Positive Predictive Value of PI-RADS for Prostate MRI across 26 Centers: Experience of the Society of Abdominal Radiology Prostate Cancer Disease-focused Panel. Radiology 296, 76\u201384 (2020).","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"1167_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000001232","volume":"204","author":"A Kinnaird","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kinnaird, A. et al. Risk of prostate cancer after a negative magnetic resonance imaging guided biopsy. J. Urol. 204, 1180\u20131186 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"1167_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2018.4160","volume":"4","author":"SJ Kim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kim, S. J., Vickers, A. J. & Hu, J. C. Challenges in adopting level 1 evidence for multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging as a biomarker for prostate cancer screening. JAMA Oncol. 4, 1663\u20131664 (2018).","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol."},{"key":"1167_CR25","first-page":"119.e111","volume":"34","author":"Y Cerantola","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cerantola, Y. et al. Cost-effectiveness of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging and targeted biopsy in diagnosing prostate cancer. Urologic Oncol.: Semin. Original Investig. 34, 119.e111\u2013119.e119 (2016).","journal-title":"Urologic Oncol.: Semin. Original Investig."},{"key":"1167_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.16.17322","volume":"208","author":"W Venderink","year":"2017","unstructured":"Venderink, W., Govers, T. M., de Rooij, M., F\u00fctterer, J. J. & Sedelaar, J. P. M. Cost-effectiveness comparison of imaging-guided prostate biopsy techniques: systematic transrectal ultrasound, direct in-bore MRI, and image fusion. Am. J. Roentgenol. 208, 1058\u20131063 (2017).","journal-title":"Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"key":"1167_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2013.12.012","volume":"66","author":"M de Rooij","year":"2014","unstructured":"de Rooij, M. et al. Cost-effectiveness of Magnetic Resonance (MR) Imaging and MR-guided targeted biopsy versus systematic transrectal ultrasound\u2013guided biopsy in diagnosing prostate cancer: a modelling study from a health care perspective. Eur. Urol. 66, 430\u2013436 (2014).","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"key":"1167_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2300560","DOI":"10.1200\/PO.23.00560","volume":"8","author":"AE Amini","year":"2024","unstructured":"Amini, A. E. & Salari, K. Incorporating genetic risk into prostate cancer care: implications for early detection and precision oncology. JCO Precis. Oncol. 8, e2300560 (2024).","journal-title":"JCO Precis. Oncol."},{"key":"1167_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2015.02.008","volume":"42","author":"AE-S Bosaily","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bosaily, A. E.-S. et al. PROMIS\u2014prostate MR imaging study: a paired validating cohort study evaluating the role of multi-parametric MRI in men with clinical suspicion of prostate cancer. Contemp. Clin. trials 42, 26\u201340 (2015).","journal-title":"Contemp. Clin. trials"},{"key":"1167_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ucl.2015.08.001","volume":"43","author":"A Lepor","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lepor, A., Catalona, W. J. & Loeb, S. The prostate health index: its utility in prostate cancer detection. Urol. Clin. North Am. 43, 1\u20136 (2016).","journal-title":"Urol. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"1167_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vickers, A. J., Vertosick, E. A. & Sjoberg, D. D. Value of a statistical model based on four kallikrein markers in blood, commercially available as 4Kscore, in all reasonable prostate biopsy subgroups. Eur. Urol. 74 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eururo.2018.05.032 (2018).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2018.05.032"},{"key":"1167_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2018.05.003","volume":"74","author":"DP Ankerst","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ankerst, D. P. et al. A contemporary prostate biopsy risk calculator based on multiple heterogeneous cohorts. Eur. Urol. 74, 197\u2013203 (2018).","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"key":"1167_CR33","first-page":"E161","volume":"16","author":"A Kinnaird","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kinnaird, A. et al. A prostate cancer risk calculator: Use of clinical and magnetic resonance imaging data to predict biopsy outcome in North American men. Can. Urological Assoc. J. = J. de. l\u2019Assoc. des. urologues du Can. 16, E161\u2013e166 (2022).","journal-title":"Can. Urological Assoc. J. = J. de. l\u2019Assoc. des. urologues du Can."},{"key":"1167_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(15)00361-7","volume":"16","author":"H Gr\u00f6nberg","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gr\u00f6nberg, H. et al. Prostate cancer screening in men aged 50\u201369 years (STHLM3): a prospective population-based diagnostic study. lancet Oncol. 16, 1667\u20131676 (2015).","journal-title":"lancet Oncol."},{"key":"1167_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2013.05.049","volume":"64","author":"S Loeb","year":"2013","unstructured":"Loeb, S. et al. Systematic review of complications of prostate biopsy. Eur. Urol. 64, 876\u2013892 (2013).","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"key":"1167_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cheng, K. C. et al. Emergency attendances and hospitalisations for complications after transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsies: a five-year retrospective multicentre study. Hong Kong Medical J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12809\/hkmj197825 (2019).","DOI":"10.12809\/hkmj197825"},{"key":"1167_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E301","DOI":"10.5489\/cuaj.1751","volume":"8","author":"JK Rudzinski","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rudzinski, J. K. & Kawakami, J. Incidence of infectious complications following transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy in Calgary, Alberta, Canada: A retrospective population-based analysis. Can. Urological Assoc. J. = J. de. l\u2019Assoc. des. urologues du Can. 8, E301\u2013E305 (2014).","journal-title":"Can. Urological Assoc. J. = J. de. l\u2019Assoc. des. urologues du Can."},{"key":"1167_CR38","unstructured":"Liss, M. et al. The Prevention and Treatment of the More Common Complications Related to Prostate Biopsy Update, https:\/\/www.auanet.org\/guidelines\/guidelines\/prostate-needle-biopsy-complications (2016)."},{"key":"1167_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.24286","volume":"82","author":"B Kaufmann","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kaufmann, B. et al. Prostate cancer detection rate in men undergoing transperineal template-guided saturation and targeted prostate biopsy. Prostate 82, 388\u2013396 (2022).","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"key":"1167_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1801993","volume":"378","author":"V Kasivisvanathan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kasivisvanathan, V. et al. MRI-targeted or standard biopsy for prostate-cancer diagnosis. N. Engl. J. Med. 378, 1767\u20131777 (2018).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"1167_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e037222","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-037222","volume":"10","author":"C Vasquez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vasquez, C. et al. Cohort profile: the Alberta Prostate Cancer Research Initiative (APCaRI) Registry and Biorepository facilitates technology translation to the clinic through the use of linked, longitudinal clinical and patient-reported data and biospecimens from men in Alberta, Canada. BMJ Open 10, e037222 (2020).","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"1167_CR42","unstructured":"NICE. Stockholm3 for prostate cancer screening. Report No. MIB303, (2022)."},{"key":"1167_CR43","unstructured":"FDA. Multi-analyte test system with algorithmic analysis for detection of prostate cancer, https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/scripts\/cdrh\/cfdocs\/cfpma\/pma.cfm?id=P190022 (2021)."},{"key":"1167_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2024.42.4_suppl.262","volume":"42","author":"HT Vigneswaran","year":"2024","unstructured":"Vigneswaran, H. T. et al. Stockholm3 validation in a multi-ethnic cohort for prostate cancer (SEPTA) detection: A multicentered, prospective trial. J. Clin. Oncol. 42, 262\u2013262 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"1167_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010933404324","volume":"45","author":"L Breiman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Breiman, L. Random forests. Mach. Learn. 45, 5\u201332 (2001).","journal-title":"Mach. Learn."},{"key":"1167_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2014.02.035","volume":"83","author":"DP Ankerst","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ankerst, D. P. et al. Prostate cancer prevention trial risk calculator 2.0 for the prediction of low- versus high-grade prostate cancer. Urology 83, 1362\u20131368 (2014).","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"1167_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2011.11.012","volume":"61","author":"MJ Roobol","year":"2012","unstructured":"Roobol, M. J. et al. Prediction of Prostate Cancer Risk: The Role of Prostate Volume and Digital Rectal Examination in the ERSPC Risk Calculators. Eur. Urol. 61, 577\u2013583 (2012).","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"key":"1167_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1668","DOI":"10.1002\/cnr2.1668","volume":"6","author":"VG Wagaskar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wagaskar, V. G. et al. A SelectMDx\/magnetic resonance imaging\u2010based nomogram to diagnose prostate cancer. Cancer Rep. 6, e1668 (2023).","journal-title":"Cancer Rep."},{"key":"1167_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1357","DOI":"10.1002\/cnr2.1357","volume":"4","author":"VG Wagaskar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wagaskar, V. G. et al. A 4K score\/MRI\u2010based nomogram for predicting prostate cancer, clinically significant prostate cancer, and unfavorable prostate cancer. Cancer Rep. 4, e1357 (2021).","journal-title":"Cancer Rep."},{"key":"1167_CR50","first-page":"373","volume":"79","author":"World Medical, A.","year":"2001","unstructured":"World Medical, A. World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. Bull. World Health Organ. 79, 373\u2013374 (2001).","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"key":"1167_CR51","unstructured":"SWOP. The prostate cancer risk calculators, https:\/\/www.prostatecancer-riskcalculator.com\/seven-prostate-cancer-risk-calculators (2023)."},{"key":"1167_CR52","unstructured":"UT-Health. Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial Risk Calculator Version 2.0, https:\/\/riskcalc.org\/PCPTRC\/ (2018)."},{"key":"1167_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DeLong, E. R., DeLong, D. M. & Clarke-Pearson, D. L. Comparing the areas under two or more correlated receiver operating characteristic curves: a nonparametric approach. Biometrics, 837-845 (1988).","DOI":"10.2307\/2531595"}],"container-title":["npj Digital Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41746-024-01167-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41746-024-01167-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41746-024-01167-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]],"date-time":"2024-06-20T17:05:29Z","timestamp":1718903129000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41746-024-01167-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1167"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41746-024-01167-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2398-6352"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2398-6352","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 March 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 June 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 June 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"These authors declare no Competing Non-Financial Interests but the following Competing Financial Interests: M.E.H., A.F., and C.J.D.W. are Nanostics consultants. A.A. is a Nanostics board member. R.J.P, D.P, C.V., P.H.B., and J.D.L. are Nanostics employees. All other authors declare no Competing Financial or Non-Financial Interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"163"}}