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D.T. has received honoraria for lectures by Bayer and holds shares in StratifAI GmbH, Dresden, Germany. Johner Institut offers consulting services for medical device and IVD manufacturers. C.J. advises policymakers, is a member of an IEC working group, and wrote a guideline for AI-based medical devices that has been adopted by notified bodies and the WHO. K.K.B. has received honoraria for lectures by GE HealthCare and Canon Medical Systems Corporation. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"210"}}