{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T06:49:14Z","timestamp":1773125354248,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]],"date-time":"2024-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726185600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]],"date-time":"2024-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726185600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR002550"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR002550"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["npj Digit. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>To better understand the impact of Long COVID on an individual, we explored changes in daily wearable data (step count, resting heart rate (RHR), and sleep quantity) for up to one year in individuals relative to their pre-infection baseline among 279 people with and 274 without long COVID. Participants with Long COVID, defined as symptoms lasting for 30 days or longer, following a SARS-CoV-2 infection had significantly different RHR and activity trajectories than those who did not report Long COVID and were also more likely to be women, younger, unvaccinated, and report more acute-phase (first 2 weeks) symptoms than those without Long COVID. Demographic, vaccine, and acute-phase sensor data differences could be used for early identification of individuals most likely to develop Long COVID complications and track objective evidence of the therapeutic efficacy of any interventions.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Trial Registration: <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/classic.clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT04336020\">https:\/\/classic.clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT04336020<\/jats:ext-link>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-024-01238-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]],"date-time":"2024-09-13T09:04:52Z","timestamp":1726218292000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Long-term changes in wearable sensor data in people with and without Long Covid"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3843-0842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer M.","family":"Radin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4902-3540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia Moore","family":"Vogel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6042-187X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felipe","family":"Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Erin","family":"Coughlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6470-6537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Gadaleta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0119-0881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jay A.","family":"Pandit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Steven R.","family":"Steinhubl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"1238_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nittas, V. et al. Long COVID through a public health lens: an umbrella review. Public Health Rev. 43, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/phrs.2022.1604501 (2022).","DOI":"10.3389\/phrs.2022.1604501"},{"key":"1238_CR2","unstructured":"Department of Health and Human Services. What is Long COVID? https:\/\/www.covid.gov\/longcovid\/definitions (2023)."},{"key":"1238_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e069217","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-069217","volume":"13","author":"S Walker","year":"2023","unstructured":"Walker, S. et al. Impact of fatigue as the primary determinant of functional limitations among patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome: a cross-sectional observational study. BMJ Open 13, e069217 (2023).","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"1238_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2115959","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.15959","volume":"4","author":"JM Radin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Radin, J. M. et al. Assessment of prolonged physiological and behavioral changes associated with COVID-19 infection. JAMA Netw. Open 4, e2115959 (2021).","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"1238_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0264331","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0264331","volume":"17","author":"N Ziauddeen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ziauddeen, N. et al. Characteristics and impact of Long COVID: findings from an online survey. PLoS ONE 17, e0264331 (2022).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1238_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bramante, C. T. et al. Outpatient treatment of COVID-19 and incidence of post-COVID-19 condition over 10 months (COVID-OUT): a multicentre, randomised, quadruple-blind, parallel-group, phase 3 trial. Lancet Infect. Dis. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(23)00299-2.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(23)00299-2"},{"key":"1238_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01840-0","volume":"28","author":"Z Al-Aly","year":"2022","unstructured":"Al-Aly, Z., Bowe, B. & Xie, Y. Long COVID after breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nat. Med. 28, 1461\u20131467 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"1238_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofac464","volume":"9","author":"D Ayoubkhani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ayoubkhani, D. et al. Risk of long COVID in people infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 after 2 doses of a coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine: community-based, matched cohort study. Open Forum Infect. Dis. 9, ofac464 (2022).","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect. Dis."},{"key":"1238_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00846-2","volume":"21","author":"HE Davis","year":"2023","unstructured":"Davis, H. E., McCorkell, L., Vogel, J. M. & Topol, E. J. Long COVID: major findings, mechanisms and recommendations. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 21, 133\u2013146 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"1238_CR10","unstructured":"CareEvolution. MyDataHelps, https:\/\/mydatahelps.org\/identityserver\/local\/participant?signInId=710b4f015f17a9dbaf85614b6ec67092#\/splash (2023)."}],"container-title":["npj Digital Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41746-024-01238-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41746-024-01238-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41746-024-01238-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]],"date-time":"2024-09-13T09:21:00Z","timestamp":1726219260000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41746-024-01238-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1238"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41746-024-01238-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["2398-6352"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2398-6352","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 February 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 August 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 September 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"J.M.R. completed this work while at Scripps Research, but now is employed by Moderna Tx. She has no other competing Financial or Non-Financial Interest. J.A.P. is an adviser for Angiotensin Therapeutics, Precision Health, Cardiosense, and Sense AI. S.R.S., in the last 2 years, has served as a paid advisor to physIQ, Inc. and Prolaio Health, sensor-based remote patient monitoring companies. He has also received compensation for his time as a member of the Executive Committee for the HEARTLINE trial, a study of a wearable sensor in atrial fibrillation. The remaining authors declare no competing financial or non-financial interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"246"}}