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Patent Royalties: Immunomedics\/Gilead. Research support: Eli Lilly. Honoraria: Urotoday. Grants and research support: NIH, DoD-CDMRP, Starr Cancer Consortium, P-1000 Consortium. Olivier Elemento: Stock and Other Ownership Interests: Freenome, OneThree Biotech, Owkin, Volastra Therapeutics. Personal fees: Pionyr Immunotherapeutics, Champions Oncology. Seth P Lerner: Research support for Clinical trials - Aura Bioscience, FKD, JBL (SWOG), Genentech (SWOG), Merck (Alliance), QED Therapeutics, Surge Therapeutics, Vaxiion; Consultant\/Advisory Board - Aura Bioscience, BMS, C2iGenomics, Immunity Bio, Incyte, Gilead, Pfizer\/EMD Serono, Protara, Surge Therapeutics, UroGen, Vaxiion, Verity; Patent \u2013 TCGA classifier; Honoraria \u2013 Grand Rounds Urology, UroToday. Zilong Bai, Mohamed Osman, Matthew Brendel, Catherine M. Tangen, Thomas W. Flaig, Ian M. Thompson, Melissa Plets, M. Scott Lucia, Dan Theodorescu, Daniel Gustafson, Siamak Daneshmand, Joshua J. Meeks, Woonyoung Choi, Colin P. N. Dinney, David J. McConkey, and Fei Wang declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The study was reviewed and received approval by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Central Institutional Review Board (CIRB), and patients provided written, informed consent; it was conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki guidelines17.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}}],"article-number":"174"}}