{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T19:54:15Z","timestamp":1784318055310,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749513600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749513600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Foundation for Advanced Talents of Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital","award":["KY012023293"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KY012023293"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["npj Digit. Med."],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-025-01766-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T12:51:53Z","timestamp":1749559913000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Development and validation of an interpretable risk prediction model for the early classification of thalassemia"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Jin-Xin","family":"Lai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia-Wei","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shan-Shan","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming-Xiong","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Lu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quan-Fa","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"1766_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2024.102619","volume":"72","author":"Y Tuo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tuo, Y. et al. Global, regional, and national burden of thalassemia, 1990\u20132021: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021. EClinicalMedicine 72, 1\u201314 (2024).","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"1766_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31822-6","volume":"391","author":"AT Taher","year":"2018","unstructured":"Taher, A. T., Weatherall, D. J. & Cappellini, M. D. Thalassaemia. Lancet 391, 155\u2013167 (2018).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1766_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1182\/hematology.2021000296","volume":"2021","author":"C Mensah","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mensah, C. & Sheth, S. Optimal strategies for carrier screening and prenatal diagnosis of \u03b1-and \u03b2-thalassemia. Hematology 2021, 607\u2013613 (2021).","journal-title":"Hematology"},{"key":"1766_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.06.036673","volume":"86","author":"B Modell","year":"2008","unstructured":"Modell, B. & Darlison, M. Global epidemiology of haemoglobin disorders and derived service indicators. Bull. World Health Organ. 86, 480\u2013487 (2008).","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"key":"1766_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kattamis, A., Kwiatkowski, J. L. & Aydinok, Y. Thalassaemia. Lancet 399, 2310\u20132324 (2022).","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00536-0"},{"key":"1766_CR6","first-page":"824","volume":"34","author":"BY Zhou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhou, B. Y., Wang, Y. X., Shan, X. S., Heng, G. & Li, M. Z. Molecular spectrum of \u03b1-and \u03b2-thalassemia among Young individuals of Marriageable age in Guangdong province, China. Biomed. Environ. Sci. 34, 824\u2013829 (2021).","journal-title":"Biomed. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"1766_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2018.02.071","volume":"183","author":"R Risoluti","year":"2018","unstructured":"Risoluti, R., Materazzi, S., Sorrentino, F., Bozzi, C. & Caprari, P. Update on thalassemia diagnosis: New insights and methods. Talanta 183, 216\u2013222 (2018).","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"1766_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Munkongdee, T., Chen, P., Winichagoon, P., Fucharoen, S. & Paiboonsukwong, K. Update in laboratory diagnosis of thalassemia. Front. Mol. Biosci. 7, 1\u221212 (2020).","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2020.00074"},{"key":"1766_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e323","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(24)00044-X","volume":"6","author":"V Alcazer","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alcazer, V. et al. Evaluation of a machine-learning model based on laboratory parameters for the prediction of acute leukaemia subtypes: a multicentre model development and validation study in France. Lancet Digit. Health 6, e323\u2013e333 (2024).","journal-title":"Lancet Digit. Health"},{"key":"1766_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101639","volume":"53","author":"L Ding","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ding, L. et al. Data-driven clustering approach to identify novel phenotypes using multiple biomarkers in acute ischaemic stroke: A retrospective, multicentre cohort study. EClinicalMedicine 53, 1\u201315 (2022).","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"1766_CR11","first-page":"149","volume":"5","author":"OA Telmissani","year":"1999","unstructured":"Telmissani, O. A., Khalil, S. & Roberts, G. T. Mean density of hemoglobin per liter of blood: a new hematologic parameter with an inherent discriminant function. Lab. Hematol. 5, 149\u2013152 (1999).","journal-title":"Lab. Hematol."},{"key":"1766_CR12","first-page":"481","volume":"15","author":"R Green","year":"1989","unstructured":"Green, R. & King, R. A new red cell discriminant incorporating volume dispersion for differentiating iron deficiency anemia from thalassemia minor. Blood cells 15, 481\u2013491 (1989).","journal-title":"Blood cells"},{"key":"1766_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104866","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2022.104866","volume":"167","author":"R Das","year":"2022","unstructured":"Das, R. et al. Performance analysis of machine learning algorithms and screening formulae for \u03b2\u2013thalassemia trait screening of Indian antenatal women. Int. J. Med. Inform. 167, 104866 (2022).","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Inform."},{"key":"1766_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akhtar, F., Shakeel, A., Li, J., Pei, Y. & Dang, Y. in 2020 Prognostics and Health Management Conference (PHM-Besan\u00e7on). 1\u20137 (IEEE).","DOI":"10.1109\/PHM-Besancon49106.2020.00008"},{"key":"1766_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Devanath, A., Akter, S., Karmaker, P. & Sattar, A. in 2022 6th International Conference on Computing Methodologies and Communication (ICCMC). 1166\u20131174 (IEEE).","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCMC53470.2022.9753833"},{"key":"1766_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laeli, A. R., Rustam, Z., Hartini, S., Maulidina, F. & Aurelia, J. E. in 2020 International Conference on Decision Aid Sciences and Application (DASA). 817-821 (IEEE).","DOI":"10.1109\/DASA51403.2020.9317227"},{"key":"1766_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2020.04.005","volume":"24","author":"R Das","year":"2020","unstructured":"Das, R. et al. A decision support scheme for beta thalassemia and HbE carrier screening. J. Adv. Res. 24, 183\u2013190 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"key":"1766_CR18","first-page":"1310","volume":"86","author":"E Ma","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ma, E., Chan, A., Ha, S. Y., Lau, Y. L. & Chan, L. C. Thalassemia screening based on red cell indices in the Chinese. Haematologica 86, 1310\u20131311 (2001).","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"1766_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.22631\/ijbmph.2018.56102","volume":"1","author":"K Tari","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tari, K. et al. Evaluation of the sensitivity and specificity of MCH and MCV for screening of Beta thalassemia minor. Int. J. BioMed. Public Health 1, 184\u2013186 (2018).","journal-title":"Int. J. BioMed. Public Health"},{"key":"1766_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxz182","volume":"150","author":"MA Beydoun","year":"2020","unstructured":"Beydoun, M. A. et al. Red cell distribution width is directly associated with poor cognitive performance among nonanemic, middle-aged, urban adults. J. Nutr. 150, 128\u2013139 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"1766_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1080\/00365513.2020.1774800","volume":"80","author":"JJ Hoffmann","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hoffmann, J. J. & Urrechaga, E. Role of RDW in mathematical formulas aiding the differential diagnosis of microcytic anemia. Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Investig. 80, 464\u2013469 (2020).","journal-title":"Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Investig."},{"key":"1766_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2024.04.021","volume":"67","author":"LD Berrizbeitia","year":"2024","unstructured":"Berrizbeitia, L. D. Invited commentary: Association between Red Blood Cell Distribution width and the all-cause mortality of patients with aortic stenosis: A retrospective study. Heart Lung: J. Cardiopulm. Acute Care 67, 80\u201381 (2024).","journal-title":"Heart Lung: J. Cardiopulm. Acute Care"},{"key":"1766_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102051","volume":"61","author":"BK Choi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Choi, B. K. et al. Development and validation of an artificial intelligence model for the early classification of the aetiology of meningitis and encephalitis: a retrospective observational study. EClinicalMedicine 61, 1\u201313 (2023).","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"1766_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.101934","volume":"58","author":"S-F Tsai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tsai, S.-F., Yang, C.-T., Liu, W.-J. & Lee, C.-L. Development and validation of an insulin resistance model for a population without diabetes mellitus and its clinical implication: a prospective cohort study. EClinicalMedicine 58, 1\u201313 (2023).","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"1766_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2024.102617","volume":"72","author":"X Teng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Teng, X. et al. Development and validation of an early diagnosis model for bone metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer based on serological characteristics of the bone metastasis mechanism. EClinicalMedicine 72, 1\u201313 (2024).","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"1766_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102080","volume":"62","author":"H Zou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zou, H. et al. Diagnosis of neurosyphilis in HIV-negative patients with syphilis: development, validation, and clinical utility of a suite of machine learning models. EClinicalMedicine 62, 1\u201313 (2023).","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"1766_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(77)92128-6","volume":"309","author":"I Shine","year":"1977","unstructured":"Shine, I. & Lal, S. A strategy to detect \u03b2-thalassaemia minor. Lancet 309, 692\u2013694 (1977).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1766_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-553X.2007.00966.x","volume":"30","author":"M Sirdah","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sirdah, M., Tarazi, I., Al Najjar, E. & Al Haddad, R. Evaluation of the diagnostic reliability of different RBC indices and formulas in the differentiation of the \u03b2-thalassaemia minor from iron deficiency in Palestinian population. Int. J. Lab. Hematol. 30, 324\u2013330 (2008).","journal-title":"Int. J. Lab. Hematol."},{"key":"1766_CR29","first-page":"297","volume":"4","author":"N Cohan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cohan, N. & Ramzi, M. Evaluation of sensitivity and specificity of Kerman index I and II in screening beta thalassemia minor. Sci. J. Iran. Blood Transfus. Organ 4, 297\u2013302 (2008).","journal-title":"Sci. J. Iran. Blood Transfus. Organ"},{"key":"1766_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(73)90637-5","volume":"301","author":"P Srivastava","year":"1973","unstructured":"Srivastava, P. & Bevington, J. Iron deficiency and\/or thalassaemia trait. Lancet 301, 832 (1973).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1766_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(73)91446-3","volume":"301","author":"W Mentzer","year":"1973","unstructured":"Mentzer, W. Differentiation of iron deficiency from thalassaemia trait. Lancet 301, 882 (1973).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1766_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jayabose, S. et al. # 262 Differentiating iron deficiency anemia from thalassemia minor by using an RDW-based index. J. Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol. 21, 314 (1999).","DOI":"10.1097\/00043426-199907000-00040"},{"key":"1766_CR33","first-page":"409","volume":"72","author":"B Ricerca","year":"1987","unstructured":"Ricerca, B. et al. Differentiation of iron deficiency from thalassaemia trait: a new approach. Haematologica 72, 409\u2013413 (1987).","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"1766_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(73)91878-3","volume":"301","author":"J England","year":"1973","unstructured":"England, J. & Fraser, P. Differentiation of iron deficiency from thalassaemia trait by routine blood-count. Lancet 301, 449\u2013452 (1973).","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["npj Digital Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41746-025-01766-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41746-025-01766-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41746-025-01766-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T12:51:58Z","timestamp":1749559918000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41746-025-01766-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1766"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41746-025-01766-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["2398-6352"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2398-6352","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 September 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 June 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 June 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"346"}}