{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T21:05:09Z","timestamp":1775077509381,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754092800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"The National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["No. 92368205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 92368205"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["npj Digit. Med."],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-025-01887-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T09:21:59Z","timestamp":1754126519000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Digitalization of surgical features improves surgical accuracy via surgeon guidance and robotization"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Xiaoyun","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiali","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongli","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zelin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zitian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yingfeng","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhangkai","family":"Lian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lixia","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weirong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingxing","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danying","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xialin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shengsong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhenzhen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erping","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Yu-Wai-Man","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weishi","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haotian","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yizhi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"1887_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2013.220","volume":"10","author":"LF Savio","year":"2013","unstructured":"Savio, L. F. & Nguyen, H. T. Robot-assisted laparoscopic urological surgery in children. Nat. Rev. Urol. 10, 632\u2013639 (2013).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Urol."},{"key":"1887_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2021.12.003","volume":"171","author":"S Vatansever","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vatansever, S. et al. Robot-assisted versus conventional laparoscopic adrenalectomy: results from the EUROCRINE surgical registry. Surgery 171, 1224\u20131230 (2022).","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"1887_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2022.07.010","volume":"33","author":"JF Lazar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lazar, J. F. & Hwalek, A. E. A review of robotic thoracic surgery adoption and future innovations. Thorac. Surg. Clin. 33, 1\u201310 (2023).","journal-title":"Thorac. Surg. Clin."},{"key":"1887_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2016.09.004","volume":"101","author":"G Veronesi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Veronesi, G., Novellis, P., Voulaz, E. & Alloisio, M. Robot-assisted surgery for lung cancer: state of the art and perspectives. Lung Cancer 101, 28\u201334 (2016).","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"1887_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2016.12.027","volume":"43","author":"Y Haeussler-Sinangin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Haeussler-Sinangin, Y., Dahlhoff, D., Schultz, T. & Dick, H. B. Clinical performance in continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis creation supported by a digital image guidance system. J. Cataract Refract Surg. 43, 348\u2013352 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Cataract Refract Surg."},{"key":"1887_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S185529","volume":"13","author":"N Chadha","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chadha, N., Warren, J. L., Liu, J., Tsai, J. C. & Teng, C. C. Seven- and eight-year trends in resident and fellow glaucoma surgical experience. Clin. Ophthalmol. 13, 303\u2013309 (2019).","journal-title":"Clin. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"1887_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.52198\/22.STI.40.CV1530","volume":"40","author":"D Maselli","year":"2022","unstructured":"Maselli, D., Nardella, S., Santise, G., Iavazzo, A. & Chiariello, L. Micro-invasive 3D endoscopic mitral valve surgery. Surg. Technol. Int. 40, 227\u2013234 (2022).","journal-title":"Surg. Technol. Int."},{"key":"1887_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2021.5742","volume":"140","author":"R Garcia Nespolo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Garcia Nespolo, R. et al. Evaluation of artificial intelligence-based intraoperative guidance tools for phacoemulsification cataract surgery. JAMA Ophthalmol. 140, 170\u2013177 (2022).","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol."},{"key":"1887_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e191860","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.1860","volume":"2","author":"F Yu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yu, F. et al. Assessment of automated identification of phases in videos of cataract surgery using machine learning and deep learning techniques. JAMA Netw. Open 2, e191860 (2019).","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"1887_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-53091-8","volume":"9","author":"S Morita","year":"2019","unstructured":"Morita, S., Tabuchi, H., Masumoto, H., Yamauchi, T. & Kamiura, N. Real-time extraction of important surgical phases in cataract surgery videos. Sci. Rep. 9, 16590 (2019).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"1887_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30544-5","volume":"390","author":"YC Liu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu, Y. C., Wilkins, M., Kim, T., Malyugin, B. & Mehta, J. S. Cataracts. Lancet 390, 600\u2013612 (2017).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1887_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1728_18","volume":"67","author":"B Sharma","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sharma, B., Abell, R. G., Arora, T., Antony, T. & Vajpayee, R. B. Techniques of anterior capsulotomy in cataract surgery. Indian J. Ophthalmol. 67, 450\u2013460 (2019).","journal-title":"Indian J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"1887_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2014-306065","volume":"99","author":"M Packer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Packer, M., Teuma, E. V., Glasser, A. & Bott, S. Defining the ideal femtosecond laser capsulotomy. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 99, 1137\u20131142 (2015).","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"1887_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(99)00157-9","volume":"128","author":"EJ Hollick","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hollick, E. J., Spalton, D. J. & Meacock, W. R. The effect of capsulorhexis size on posterior capsular opacification: one-year results of a randomized prospective trial. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 128, 271\u2013279 (1999).","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"1887_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.09.049","volume":"121","author":"M Okada","year":"2014","unstructured":"Okada, M., Hersh, D., Paul, E. & van der Straaten, D. Effect of centration and circularity of manual capsulorrhexis on cataract surgery refractive outcomes. Ophthalmology 121, 763\u2013770 (2014).","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"1887_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1177\/112067210301300606","volume":"13","author":"U Aykan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Aykan, U., Bilge, A. H., Karadayi, K. & Akin, T. The effect of capsulorhexis size on development of posterior capsule opacification: small (4.5 to 5.0 mm) versus large (6.0 to 7.0 mm). Eur. J. Ophthalmol. 13, 541\u2013545 (2003).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"1887_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep16227","volume":"5","author":"H Lin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lin, H. et al. Capsular outcomes differ with capsulorhexis sizes after pediatric cataract surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Sci. Rep. 5, 16227 (2015).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"1887_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2020-317327","volume":"105","author":"Z Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li, Z. et al. Deep learning for automated glaucomatous optic neuropathy detection from ultra-widefield fundus images. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 105, 1548\u20131554 (2021).","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"1887_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2020.0507","volume":"138","author":"Y Xie","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xie, Y. et al. Screening candidates for refractive surgery with corneal tomographic-based deep learning. JAMA Ophthalmol. 138, 519\u2013526 (2020).","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol."},{"key":"1887_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang, S., Sun, G., Zheng, B. & Du, Y. A crop image segmentation and extraction algorithm based on mask RCNN. Entropy 23, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/e23091160 (2021).","DOI":"10.3390\/e23091160"},{"key":"1887_CR21","first-page":"5682","volume":"2013","author":"MA Nasseri","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nasseri, M. A. et al. The introduction of a new robot for assistance in ophthalmic surgery. Annu. Int. Conf. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Soc. 2013, 5682\u20135685 (2013).","journal-title":"Annu. Int. Conf. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Soc."},{"key":"1887_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xia, J. et al. Microscope-guided autonomous clear corneal incision. In 2020 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), 3867\u20133873 (2020).","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA40945.2020.9196645"},{"key":"1887_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1097\/j.jcrs.0000000000000219","volume":"46","author":"X Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen, X. et al. Characteristics and factors associated with intraocular lens tilt and decentration after cataract surgery. J. Cataract Refract Surg. 46, 1126\u20131131 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Cataract Refract Surg."},{"key":"1887_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.3928\/1542-8877-19990301-06","volume":"30","author":"O Cekic","year":"1999","unstructured":"Cekic, O. & Batman, C. The relationship between capsulorhexis size and anterior chamber depth relation. Ophthalmic Surg. Lasers 30, 185\u2013190 (1999).","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg. Lasers"},{"key":"1887_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(96)80014-9","volume":"22","author":"CK Joo","year":"1996","unstructured":"Joo, C. K., Shin, J. A. & Kim, J. H. Capsular opening contraction after continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis and intraocular lens implantation. J. Cataract Refract Surg. 22, 585\u2013590 (1996).","journal-title":"J. Cataract Refract Surg."},{"key":"1887_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vanags, J., Erts, R. & Laganovska, G. Anterior capsule opening contraction and late intraocular lens dislocation after cataract surgery in patients with weak or partially absent zonular support. Medicine 57, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina57010035 (2021).","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina57010035"},{"key":"1887_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3803","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1812_22","volume":"70","author":"R Goel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Goel, R. et al. Complications of manual small-incision cataract surgery. Indian J. Ophthalmol. 70, 3803\u20133811 (2022).","journal-title":"Indian J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"1887_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-019-0521-0","volume":"34","author":"S Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li, S. et al. Early Postoperative Rotational stability and its related factors of a single-piece acrylic toric intraocular lens. Eye 34, 474\u2013479 (2020).","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"1887_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-020-01465-2","volume":"20","author":"S He","year":"2020","unstructured":"He, S. et al. Early-stage clinical outcomes and rotational stability of TECNIS toric intraocular lens implantation in cataract cases with long axial length. Bmc Ophthalmol. 20, 204 (2020).","journal-title":"Bmc Ophthalmol."},{"key":"1887_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/7666365","volume":"2021","author":"MK Hasan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hasan, M. K. et al. Cataract disease detection by using transfer learning-based intelligent methods. Comput. Math. Methods Med. 2021, 7666365 (2021).","journal-title":"Comput. Math. Methods Med."},{"key":"1887_CR31","first-page":"702","volume":"2018","author":"A Govindaiah","year":"2018","unstructured":"Govindaiah, A., Smith, R. T. & Bhuiyan, A. A new and improved method for automated screening of age-related macular degeneration using ensemble deep neural networks. Annu. Int. Conf. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Soc. 2018, 702\u2013705 (2018).","journal-title":"Annu. Int. Conf. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Soc."},{"key":"1887_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2020-317825","volume":"106","author":"Y Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li, Y. et al. Development and validation of a deep learning system to screen vision-threatening conditions in high myopia using optical coherence tomography images. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 106, 633\u2013639 (2022).","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"1887_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ter-Sarkisov, A. COVID-CT-Mask-Net: prediction of COVID-19 from CT scans using regional features. Appl. Intell. 1\u201312, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10489-021-02731-6 (2022).","DOI":"10.1007\/s10489-021-02731-6"},{"key":"1887_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mex.2021.101598","volume":"9","author":"B Kvaestad","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kvaestad, B., Hansen, B. H. & Davies, E. Automated morphometrics on microscopy images of Atlantic cod larvae using Mask R-CNN and classical machine vision techniques. MethodsX 9, 101598 (2022).","journal-title":"MethodsX"},{"key":"1887_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e35762","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000035762","volume":"102","author":"CN Grupcheva","year":"2023","unstructured":"Grupcheva, C. N. & Grupchev, D. I. CAPSULaser - a new modality in the portfolio of cataract surgeons. Medecine 102, e35762 (2023).","journal-title":"Medecine"},{"key":"1887_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajoc.2023.101841","volume":"30","author":"AS Kalambe","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kalambe, A. S. et al. Intra-operative challenges encountered using the zepto nano-pulse precision capsulotomy device. Am. J. Ophthalmol. Case Rep. 30, 101841 (2023).","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol. Case Rep."},{"key":"1887_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2017.12.027","volume":"44","author":"J Hooshmand","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hooshmand, J., Abell, R. G., Allen, P. & Vote, B. J. Thermal capsulotomy: Initial clinical experience, intraoperative performance, safety, and early postoperative outcomes of precision pulse capsulotomy technology. J. Cataract Refract Surg. 44, 355\u2013361 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Cataract Refract Surg."},{"key":"1887_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcs.1949","volume":"14","author":"CW Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen, C. W. et al. Intraocular robotic interventional surgical system (IRISS): Semi-automated OCT-guided cataract removal. Int. J. Med. Robot 14, e1949 (2018).","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Robot"},{"key":"1887_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wilson, J. T. et al. Intraocular robotic interventional surgical system (IRISS): Mechanical design, evaluation, and master-slave manipulation. Int. J. Med. Robot 14, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/rcs.1842 (2018).","DOI":"10.1002\/rcs.1842"},{"key":"1887_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2019.06.020","volume":"45","author":"CW Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen, C. W. et al. Semiautomated optical coherence tomography-guided robotic surgery for porcine lens removal. J. Cataract Refract Surg. 45, 1665\u20131669 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Cataract Refract Surg."},{"key":"1887_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2017.02.020","volume":"43","author":"T Bourcier","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bourcier, T. et al. Robot-assisted simulated cataract surgery. J. Cataract Refract Surg. 43, 552\u2013557 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Cataract Refract Surg."},{"key":"1887_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-017-0132-7","volume":"1","author":"L Maier-Hein","year":"2017","unstructured":"Maier-Hein, L. et al. Surgical data science for next-generation interventions. Nat. Biomed. Eng. 1, 691\u2013696 (2017).","journal-title":"Nat. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"1887_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nagy, T. D. & Haidegger, T. in Autonomous Surgical Robotics at Task and Subtask Levels (ed Habib M.) Ch. 11 (Engineering Science Reference, 2020).","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-7998-1382-8.ch011"},{"key":"1887_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.12700\/APH.20.8.2023.8.8","volume":"20","author":"E Luk\u00e1cs","year":"2023","unstructured":"Luk\u00e1cs, E., Levendovics, R. & Haidegger, T. Enhancing autonomous skill assessment of robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery: a comprehensive analysis of global and gesture-level techniques applied on the JIGSAWS dataset. Acta Polytech. Hung. 20, 133\u2013153 (2023).","journal-title":"Acta Polytech. Hung."},{"key":"1887_CR45","volume":"2022","author":"Z Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang, Z. & Li, T. A lightweight CNN model based on GhostNet. Comput Intell. Neurosci. 2022, 8396550 (2022).","journal-title":"Comput Intell. Neurosci."},{"key":"1887_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li, S. et al. Ghostformer: a ghostnet-based two-stage transformer for small object detection. Sensors 22, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s22186939 (2022).","DOI":"10.3390\/s22186939"},{"key":"1887_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0286873","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0286873","volume":"18","author":"X Shen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shen, X., Wang, H., Wei, B. & Cao, J. Real-time scene classification of unmanned aerial vehicles remote sensing image based on Modified GhostNet. PLoS One 18, e0286873 (2023).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1887_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2024.3387282","author":"H Han","year":"2024","unstructured":"Han, H., Zhang, Q., Li, F. & Du, Y. Foreground capture feature pyramid network-oriented object detection in complex backgrounds. IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. Learn Syst. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TNNLS.2024.3387282 (2024).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. Learn Syst."},{"key":"1887_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2022.08.029","volume":"155","author":"K Min","year":"2022","unstructured":"Min, K., Lee, G. H. & Lee, S. W. Attentional feature pyramid network for small object detection. Neural Netw. 155, 439\u2013450 (2022).","journal-title":"Neural Netw."},{"key":"1887_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2022.1007618","volume":"13","author":"X Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu, X. et al. Deep_KsuccSite: a novel deep learning method for the identification of lysine succinylation sites. Front. Genet. 13, 1007618 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Genet."}],"container-title":["npj Digital Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41746-025-01887-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41746-025-01887-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41746-025-01887-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T13:18:29Z","timestamp":1757337509000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41746-025-01887-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1887"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41746-025-01887-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["2398-6352"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2398-6352","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 November 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 August 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"497"}}