{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T23:44:38Z","timestamp":1770507878364,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767657600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":31,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82003196, 82270198"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82003196, 82270198"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Outstanding Young Scientific and Technological Talents Fund of Sichuan Province","award":["2022JDJQ0059"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022JDJQ0059"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["npj Digit. Med."],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-025-02316-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T16:05:43Z","timestamp":1767715543000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development and validation of a predictive model for extranodal natural killer\/T-cell lymphoma"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Shuo","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li-Min","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huang-Ming","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu-Jia","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qing-Qing","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui-Qiang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhi-Ming","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"He","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yin-Li","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuan-Kai","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan-Fen","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying-Chun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheng-Bing","family":"Zang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing-Ping","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu-Hua","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2316_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2460","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-021-01313-2","volume":"35","author":"H Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang, H., Fu, B. B., Gale, R. P. & Liang, Y. NK-\/T-cell lymphomas. Leukemia 35, 2460\u20132468 (2021).","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"2316_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4410","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.35.6287","volume":"29","author":"M Yamaguchi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yamaguchi, M. et al. Phase II study of SMILE chemotherapy for newly diagnosed stage IV, relapsed, or refractory extranodal natural killer (NK)\/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type: the NK-Cell Tumor Study Group study. J. Clin. Oncol. 29, 4410\u20134416 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"2316_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"International Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Prognostic Factors Project. A predictive model for aggressive non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma. N. Engl. J. Med. 329, 987\u2013994 (1993).","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199309303291402"},{"key":"2316_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.04.1384","volume":"24","author":"J Lee","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lee, J. et al. Extranodal natural killer T-cell lymphoma, nasal-type: a prognostic model from a retrospective multicenter study. J. Clin. Oncol. 24, 612\u2013618 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"2316_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(15)00533-1","volume":"17","author":"SJ Kim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim, S. J. et al. A prognostic index for natural killer cell lymphoma after non-anthracycline-based treatment: a multicentre, retrospective analysis. Lancet Oncol. 17, 389\u2013400 (2016).","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"2316_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2015.44","volume":"29","author":"Y Yang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yang, Y. et al. Prognostic nomogram for overall survival in previously untreated patients with extranodal NK\/T-cell lymphoma, nasal-type: a multicenter study. Leukemia 29, 1571\u20131577 (2015).","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"2316_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2020.02.005","volume":"37","author":"J Xiong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xiong, J. et al. Genomic and transcriptomic characterization of natural killer T Cell lymphoma. Cancer Cell 37, 403\u2013419 (2020).","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"2316_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020010637","volume":"138","author":"XP Tian","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tian, X. P. et al. A composite single-nucleotide polymorphism prediction signature for extranodal natural killer\/T-cell lymphoma. Blood 138, 452\u2013463 (2021).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2316_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2022.100859","volume":"4","author":"XP Tian","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tian, X. P. et al. Diagnostic performance and prognostic value of circulating tumor DNA methylation marker in extranodal natural killer\/T cell lymphoma. Cell Rep. Med. 4, 100859 (2023).","journal-title":"Cell Rep. Med."},{"key":"2316_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1772","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.01.035","volume":"186","author":"K Swanson","year":"2023","unstructured":"Swanson, K., Wu, E., Zhang, A., Alizadeh, A. A. & Zou, J. From patterns to patients: advances in clinical machine learning for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Cell 186, 1772\u20131791 (2023).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2316_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e158","DOI":"10.1016\/s2589-7500(20)30314-9","volume":"3","author":"C Lee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lee, C. et al. Application of a novel machine learning framework for predicting non-metastatic prostate cancer-specific mortality in men using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Lancet Digit Health 3, e158\u2013e165, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s2589-7500(20)30314-9 (2021).","journal-title":"Lancet Digit Health"},{"key":"2316_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2020.09.014","volume":"38","author":"BM Kuenzi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kuenzi, B. M. et al. Predicting drug response and synergy using a deep learning model of human cancer cells. Cancer Cell 38, 672\u2013684 (2020).","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"2316_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1002\/hon.2944","volume":"41","author":"X He","year":"2021","unstructured":"He, X., Gao, Y., Li, Z. & Huang, H. Review on natural killer\/T-cell lymphoma. Hematol. Oncol. 41, 221\u2013229 (2021).","journal-title":"Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"2316_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu, X. et al. Risk-dependent conditional survival and failure hazard after radiotherapy for early-stage extranodal natural killer\/T-cell lymphoma. JAMA Netw. Open 2, e190194, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.0194 (2019).","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.0194"},{"key":"2316_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-04-639336","volume":"126","author":"Y Yang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yang, Y. et al. Risk-adapted therapy for early-stage extranodal nasal-type NK\/T-cell lymphoma: analysis from a multicenter study. Blood 126, 1424\u20131432 (2015).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2316_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.21037\/tcr-20-3017","volume":"10","author":"J Sun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sun, J. et al. New prognostic models for extranodal natural killer T-cell lymphoma, nasal-type using Cox regression and machine learning. Transl. Cancer Res. 10, 613\u2013626 (2021).","journal-title":"Transl. Cancer Res."},{"key":"2316_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)90977-9","volume":"2","author":"J Gerdes","year":"1987","unstructured":"Gerdes, J. et al. Prognostic relevance of tumour-cell growth fraction in malignant non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphomas. Lancet 2, 448\u2013449 (1987).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2316_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2016.69.4406","volume":"35","author":"MJ Ellis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ellis, M. J. et al. Ki67 proliferation index as a tool for chemotherapy decisions during and after neoadjuvant aromatase inhibitor treatment of breast cancer: results from the american college of surgeons oncology group Z1031 trial (Alliance). J. Clin. Oncol. 35, 1061\u20131069 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"2316_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.21.01329","volume":"40","author":"B Xu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xu, B. et al. International medullary thyroid carcinoma grading system: a validated grading system for medullary thyroid carcinoma. J. Clin. Oncol. 40, 96\u2013104 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"2316_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8048","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.02.0735","volume":"23","author":"PA Gimotty","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gimotty, P. A. et al. Biologic and prognostic significance of dermal Ki67 expression, mitoses, and tumorigenicity in thin invasive cutaneous melanoma. J. Clin. Oncol. 23, 8048\u20138056 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"2316_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2015.63.8387","volume":"34","author":"E Hoster","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hoster, E. et al. Prognostic value of Ki-67 Index, cytology, and growth pattern in mantle-cell lymphoma: results from randomized trials of the European Mantle Cell Lymphoma Network. J. Clin. Oncol. 34, 1386\u20131394 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"2316_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-023-01520-7","volume":"16","author":"JM Vose","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vose, J. M. et al. Integrative analysis of clinicopathological features defines novel prognostic models for mantle cell lymphoma in the immunochemotherapy era: a report from The North American Mantle Cell Lymphoma Consortium. J. Hematol. Oncol. 16, 122 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"2316_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2014.02.004","volume":"210","author":"X Huang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Huang, X. et al. Both c-Myc and Ki-67 expression are predictive markers in patients with extranodal NK\/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type: a retrospective study in China. Pathol. Res Pract. 210, 351\u201335 (2014).","journal-title":"Pathol. Res Pract."},{"key":"2316_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-014-0218-y","volume":"31","author":"L Jiang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jiang, L. et al. Prognostic significance of Ki-67 antigen expression in extranodal natural killer\/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type. Med. Oncol. 31, 218 (2014).","journal-title":"Med. Oncol."},{"key":"2316_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdm183","volume":"18","author":"SJ Kim","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kim, S. J. et al. Ki-67 expression is predictive of prognosis in patients with stage I\/II extranodal NK\/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type. Ann. Oncol. 18, 1382\u20131387 (2007).","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"2316_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2016.68.1619","volume":"35","author":"M Yamaguchi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yamaguchi, M. et al. Treatments and outcomes of patients with extranodal natural killer\/T-cell lymphoma diagnosed between 2000 and 2013: a cooperative study in Japan. J. Clin. Oncol. 35, 32\u201339 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"2316_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-016-2818-4","volume":"96","author":"JC Jo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jo, J. C. et al. Expression of programmed cell death 1 and programmed cell death ligand 1 in extranodal NK\/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type. Ann. Hematol. 96, 25\u201331 (2017).","journal-title":"Ann. Hematol."},{"key":"2316_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-019-0380-5","volume":"33","author":"K Kataoka","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kataoka, K. et al. Frequent structural variations involving programmed death ligands in Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphomas. Leukemia 33, 1687\u20131699 (2019).","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"2316_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-017-1987-x","volume":"66","author":"T Nagato","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nagato, T. et al. Programmed death-ligand 1 and its soluble form are highly expressed in nasal natural killer\/T-cell lymphoma: a potential rationale for immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. 66, 877\u2013890 (2017).","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Immunother."},{"key":"2316_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2023.108192","volume":"26","author":"L He","year":"2023","unstructured":"He, L., Chen, N., Dai, L. & Peng, X. Advances and challenges of immunotherapies in NK\/T cell lymphomas. iScience 26, 108192 (2023).","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"2316_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-020-00331-3","volume":"5","author":"J Cai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cai, J. et al. Combination of anti-PD-1 antibody with P-GEMOX as a potentially effective immunochemotherapy for advanced natural killer\/T cell lymphoma. Signal Transduct. Target Ther. 5, 289 (2020).","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target Ther."},{"key":"2316_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-024-02171-4","volume":"38","author":"Z Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen, Z. et al. Genomic features reveal potential benefit of adding anti-PD-1 immunotherapy to treat non-upper aerodigestive tract natural killer\/T-cell lymphoma. Leukemia 38, 829\u2013839 (2024).","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"2316_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tian, X. P. et al. First-line sintilimab with pegaspargase, gemcitabine, and oxaliplatin in advanced extranodal natural killer\/T cell lymphoma (SPIRIT): a multicentre, single-arm, phase 2 trial. Lancet Haematol 11, e336\u2013e344, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s2352-3026(24)00066-8 (2024).","DOI":"10.1016\/s2352-3026(24)00066-8"},{"key":"2316_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kwong, Y. L. et al. PD1 blockade with pembrolizumab is highly effective in relapsed or refractory NK\/T-cell lymphoma failing l-asparaginase. Blood 129, 2437\u20132442 (2017).","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-12-756841"},{"key":"2316_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.26922","volume":"98","author":"P Sun","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sun, P. et al. A phase II study of sintilimab, anlotinib, and pegaspargase sandwiched with radiotherapy as first-line therapy in patients with newly diagnosed, stage I-II extranodal natural-killer\/T-cell lymphoma. Am. J. Hematol. 98, 1043\u20131051 (2023).","journal-title":"Am. J. Hematol."},{"key":"2316_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2375","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-01-643569","volume":"127","author":"SH Swerdlow","year":"2016","unstructured":"Swerdlow, S. H. et al. The 2016 revision of the World Health Organization classification of lymphoid neoplasms. Blood 127, 2375\u20132390 (2016).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2316_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"g7594","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g7594","volume":"350","author":"GS Collins","year":"2015","unstructured":"Collins, G. S., Reitsma, J. B., Altman, D. G. & Moons, K. G. Transparent reporting of a multivariable prediction model for individual prognosis or diagnosis (TRIPOD): the TRIPOD statement. Bmj 350, g7594 (2015).","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"key":"2316_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3059","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2013.54.8800","volume":"32","author":"BD Cheson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cheson, B. D. et al. Recommendations for initial evaluation, staging, and response assessment of Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: the Lugano classification. J. Clin. Oncol. 32, 3059\u20133068 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"2316_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2669","DOI":"10.1080\/10428194.2019.1602265","volume":"60","author":"SN Qi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Qi, S. N. et al. Effect of primary tumor invasion on treatment and survival in extranodal nasal-type NK\/T-cell lymphoma in the modern chemotherapy era: a multicenter study from the China Lymphoma Collaborative Group (CLCG). Leuk. Lymphoma 60, 2669\u20132678 (2019).","journal-title":"Leuk. Lymphoma"},{"key":"2316_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdp418","volume":"21","author":"R Suzuki","year":"2010","unstructured":"Suzuki, R. et al. Prognostic factors for mature natural killer (NK) cell neoplasms: aggressive NK cell leukemia and extranodal NK cell lymphoma, nasal type. Ann. Oncol. 21, 1032\u20131040 (2010).","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"2316_CR41","unstructured":"Von Luxburg, U. et al. Proc. 31st Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS 2017) (Curran Associates Inc., 2017)."},{"key":"2316_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2534","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2015.65.5654","volume":"34","author":"KF Kerr","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kerr, K. F., Brown, M. D., Zhu, K. & Janes, H. Assessing the clinical impact of risk prediction models with decision curves: guidance for correct interpretation and appropriate use. J. Clin. Oncol. 34, 2534\u20132540 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"2316_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1080\/00273171.2011.568786","volume":"46","author":"PC Austin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Austin, P. C. An introduction to propensity score methods for reducing the effects of confounding in observational studies. Multivar. Behav. Res. 46, 399\u2013424 (2011).","journal-title":"Multivar. Behav. Res."},{"key":"2316_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.6370","volume":"34","author":"L Kang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kang, L., Chen, W., Petrick, N. A. & Gallas, B. D. Comparing two correlated C indices with right-censored survival outcome: a one-shot nonparametric approach. Stat. Med. 34, 685\u2013703 (2015).","journal-title":"Stat. Med."}],"container-title":["npj Digital Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41746-025-02316-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41746-025-02316-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41746-025-02316-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T01:03:16Z","timestamp":1770426196000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41746-025-02316-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2316"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41746-025-02316-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["2398-6352"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2398-6352","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"134"}}