{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T02:53:15Z","timestamp":1779936795258,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771977600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":36,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2023YFC3605400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFC3605400"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82472055"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82472055"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["npj Digit. Med."],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-026-02488-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T13:36:38Z","timestamp":1772026598000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Imaging-based organ-specific aging clock predicts human diseases and mortality"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Peng","family":"Ren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjing","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weikang","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zairen","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohe","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-Shi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianfeng","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"He","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin-Tai","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2488_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-021-00044-4","volume":"1","author":"ML Elliott","year":"2021","unstructured":"Elliott, M. L. et al. Disparities in the pace of biological aging among midlife adults of the same chronological age have implications for future frailty risk and policy. Nat. Aging 1, 295\u2013308 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Aging"},{"key":"2488_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-022-00511-7","volume":"23","author":"J Rutledge","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rutledge, J., Oh, H. & Wyss-Coray, T. J. N. R. G. Measuring biological age using omics data. Nat. Rev. Genet. 23, 715\u2013727 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"2488_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13995","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13995","volume":"22","author":"WS Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu, W. S. et al. Association of biological age with health outcomes and its modifiable factors. Aging cell 22, e13995 (2023).","journal-title":"Aging cell"},{"key":"2488_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02296-6","volume":"29","author":"YE Tian","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tian, Y. E. et al. Heterogeneous aging across multiple organ systems and prediction of chronic disease and mortality. Nat. Med. 29, 1221\u20131231 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"2488_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06802-1","volume":"624","author":"HS-H Oh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Oh, H. S.-H. et al. Organ aging signatures in the plasma proteome track health and disease. Nature 624, 164\u2013172 (2023).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"2488_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2024.10.005","volume":"37","author":"LJE Goeminne","year":"2025","unstructured":"Goeminne, L. J. E. et al. Plasma protein-based organ-specific aging and mortality models unveil diseases as accelerated aging of organismal systems. Cell Metab. 37(1), 205\u2013222.e206 (2025).","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"2488_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2020.101871","volume":"68","author":"H Peng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Peng, H., Gong, W., Beckmann, C. F., Vedaldi, A. & Smith, S. M. Accurate brain age prediction with lightweight deep neural networks. Med. Image Anal. 68, 101871 (2021).","journal-title":"Med. Image Anal."},{"key":"2488_CR8","unstructured":"Moguilner, S. et al. Brain clocks capture diversity and disparities in aging and dementia across geographically diverse populations. Nat. Med. 30, 3646\u20133657 (2024)."},{"key":"2488_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119947","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2023.119947","volume":"270","author":"S More","year":"2023","unstructured":"More, S. et al. Brain-age prediction: a systematic comparison of machine learning workflows. Neuroimage 270, 119947 (2023).","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2488_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1038\/s43588-024-00659-8","volume":"4","author":"C Gaser","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gaser, C., Kalc, P. & Cole, J. H. A perspective on brain-age estimation and its clinical promise. Nat. Comput. Sci. 4, 744\u2013751 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Comput. Sci."},{"key":"2488_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nanda, S. S., An, S. S. & Yi, D. K. Measurement of creatinine in human plasma using a functional porous polymer structure sensing motif. Int. J. Nanomed. 10, 93\u201399 (2015).","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S88378"},{"key":"2488_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e020745","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.020745","volume":"11","author":"M West","year":"2022","unstructured":"West, M. et al. Circulating cystatin C is an independent risk marker for cardiovascular outcomes, development of renal impairment, and long-term mortality in patients with stable coronary heart disease: the LIPID study. J. Am. Heart Assoc. 11, e020745 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"2488_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2292","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e3182160726","volume":"123","author":"M Miller","year":"2011","unstructured":"Miller, M. et al. Triglycerides and cardiovascular disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 123, 2292\u20132333 (2011).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2488_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz785","volume":"41","author":"U Laufs","year":"2020","unstructured":"Laufs, U., Parhofer, K. G., Ginsberg, H. N. & Hegele, R. A. Clinical review on triglycerides. Eur. heart J. 41, 99\u2013109c (2020).","journal-title":"Eur. heart J."},{"key":"2488_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575953","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.575953","volume":"11","author":"AG Bryant","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bryant, A. G. et al. Cerebrovascular senescence is associated with tau pathology in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Front. Neurol. 11, 575953 (2020).","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"2488_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2574","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v12.i16.2574","volume":"12","author":"HJ Monstein","year":"2006","unstructured":"Monstein, H. J., Grahn, N., Truedsson, M. & Ohlsson, B. Progastrin-releasing peptide and gastrin-releasing peptide receptor mRNA expression in non-tumor tissues of the human gastrointestinal tract. World J. Gastroenterol. 12, 2574\u20132578 (2006).","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"2488_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.14740\/gr890w","volume":"10","author":"SA Pendharkar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pendharkar, S. A., Drury, M., Walia, M., Korc, M. & Petrov, M. S. Gastrin-releasing peptide and glucose metabolism following pancreatitis. Gastroenterol. Res. 10, 224\u2013234 (2017).","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. Res."},{"key":"2488_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2021.101918","volume":"42","author":"F Mazzoni","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mazzoni, F., Dun, Y., Vargas, J. A., Nandrot, E. F. & Finnemann, S. C. Lack of the antioxidant enzyme methionine sulfoxide reductase A in mice impairs RPE phagocytosis and causes photoreceptor cone dysfunction. Redox Biol. 42, 101918 (2021).","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"2488_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2114734119","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2114734119","volume":"119","author":"E Olinger","year":"2022","unstructured":"Olinger, E. et al. An intermediate-effect size variant in UMOD confers risk for chronic kidney disease. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 119, e2114734119 (2022).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2488_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3384","volume":"19","author":"M Trudu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Trudu, M. et al. Common noncoding UMOD gene variants induce salt-sensitive hypertension and kidney damage by increasing uromodulin expression. Nat. Med. 19, 1655\u20131660 (2013).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"2488_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2020101442","volume":"32","author":"MJ Randles","year":"2021","unstructured":"Randles, M. J. et al. Identification of an altered matrix signature in kidney aging and disease. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 32, 1713\u20131732 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"2488_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2450","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03164-7","volume":"30","author":"MA Argentieri","year":"2024","unstructured":"Argentieri, M. A. et al. Proteomic aging clock predicts mortality and risk of common age-related diseases in diverse populations. Nat. Med. 30, 2450\u20132460 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"2488_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-52310-9","volume":"15","author":"S Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang, S. et al. A metabolomic profile of biological aging in 250,341 individuals from the UK Biobank. Nat. Commun. 15, 8081 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2488_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2022.101743","volume":"81","author":"R Duan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Duan, R., Fu, Q., Sun, Y. & Li, Q. Epigenetic clock: a promising biomarker and practical tool in aging. Ageing Res. Rev. 81, 101743 (2022).","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"2488_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2024.05.012","volume":"36","author":"Z Yu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yu, Z. et al. Thermal facial image analyses reveal quantitative hallmarks of aging and metabolic diseases. Cell Metab. 36, 1482\u20131493.e1487 (2024).","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"2488_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-022-00335-4","volume":"3","author":"MT Buckley","year":"2023","unstructured":"Buckley, M. T. et al. Cell-type-specific aging clocks to quantify aging and rejuvenation in neurogenic regions of the brain. Nat. Aging 3, 121\u2013137 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Aging"},{"key":"2488_CR27","first-page":"20150181","volume":"374","author":"A Silvani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Silvani, A., Calandra-Buonaura, G., Dampney, R. A. L. & Cortelli, P. Brain\u2013heart interactions: physiology and clinical implications. Philos. Trans. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 374, 20150181 (2016).","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"2488_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e763","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000947","volume":"143","author":"GN Levine","year":"2021","unstructured":"Levine, G. N. et al. Psychological Health, Well-Being, and the Mind-Heart-Body Connection: a scientific statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 143, e763\u2013e783 (2021).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2488_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(06)70537-3","volume":"5","author":"M Kivipelto","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kivipelto, M. et al. Risk score for the prediction of dementia risk in 20 years among middle aged people: a longitudinal, population-based study. Lancet Neurol. 5, 735\u2013741 (2006).","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"2488_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-016-0549-y","volume":"14","author":"K Walters","year":"2016","unstructured":"Walters, K. et al. Predicting dementia risk in primary care: development and validation of the Dementia Risk Score using routinely collected data. BMC Med. 14, 6 (2016).","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"key":"2488_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-012-0313-2","volume":"14","author":"KJ Anstey","year":"2013","unstructured":"Anstey, K. J., Cherbuin, N. & Herath, P. M. Development of a new method for assessing global risk of Alzheimer\u2019s disease for use in population health approaches to prevention. Prev. Sci. 14, 411\u2013421 (2013).","journal-title":"Prev. Sci."},{"key":"2488_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-021-00501-9","volume":"3","author":"H Tilg","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tilg, H., Adolph, T. E., Dudek, M. & Knolle, P. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: the interplay between metabolism, microbes and immunity. Nat. Metab. 3, 1596\u20131607 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"2488_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-052521-121841","volume":"84","author":"MS Balzer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Balzer, M. S., Rohacs, T. & Susztak, K. How many cell types are in the kidney and what do they do. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 84, 507\u2013531 (2022).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"2488_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1966","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-020-05203-7","volume":"63","author":"MA Atkinson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Atkinson, M. A., Campbell-Thompson, M., Kusmartseva, I. & Kaestner, K. H. Organisation of the human pancreas in health and in diabetes. Diabetologia 63, 1966\u20131973 (2020).","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2488_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-021-00529-7","volume":"17","author":"D Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang, D. et al. GDF15: emerging biology and therapeutic applications for obesity and cardiometabolic disease. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 17, 592\u2013607 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"2488_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-023-00565-0","volume":"4","author":"Y Guo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Guo, Y. et al. Plasma proteomic profiles predict future dementia in healthy adults. Nat. Aging 4, 247\u2013260 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Aging"},{"key":"2488_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2019.10.025","volume":"72","author":"K Kashani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kashani, K., Rosner, M. H. & Ostermann, M. Creatinine: from physiology to clinical application. Eur. J. Intern. Med. 72, 9\u201314 (2020).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"2488_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01502-8","volume":"8","author":"X Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li, X. et al. Inflammation and aging: signaling pathways and intervention therapies. Signal Transduct. Target. Ther. 8, 239 (2023).","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"2488_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2023.101755","volume":"74","author":"JJ Baechle","year":"2023","unstructured":"Baechle, J. J. et al. Chronic inflammation and the hallmarks of aging. Mol. Metab. 74, 101755 (2023).","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"key":"2488_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1001779","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001779","volume":"12","author":"C Sudlow","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sudlow, C. et al. UK biobank: an open access resource for identifying the causes of a wide range of complex diseases of middle and old age. PLoS Med. 12, e1001779 (2015).","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"2488_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0579-z","volume":"562","author":"C Bycroft","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bycroft, C. et al. The UK Biobank resource with deep phenotyping and genomic data. Nature 562, 203\u2013209 (2018).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2488_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.118234","volume":"238","author":"M Lucignani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lucignani, M. et al. Reliability on multiband diffusion NODDI models: a test retest study on children and adults. Neuroimage 238, 118234 (2021).","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2488_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeaa297","volume":"22","author":"Z Raisi-Estabragh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Raisi-Estabragh, Z., Harvey, N. C., Neubauer, S. & Petersen, S. E. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in the UK Biobank: a major international health research resource. Eur. Heart J. Cardiovasc. Imaging 22, 251\u2013258 (2021).","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J. Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"2488_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03010-w","volume":"30","author":"V Nauffal","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nauffal, V. et al. Noninvasive assessment of organ-specific and shared pathways in multi-organ fibrosis using T1 mapping. Nat. Med. 30, 1749\u20131760 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"2488_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e210178","DOI":"10.1148\/ryai.210178","volume":"4","author":"T Langner","year":"2022","unstructured":"Langner, T., Mart\u00ednez Mora, A., Strand, R., Ahlstr\u00f6m, H. & Kullberg, J. MIMIR: deep regression for automated analysis of UK biobank MRI scans. Radiol. Artif. Intell. 4, e210178 (2022).","journal-title":"Radiol. Artif. Intell."},{"key":"2488_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2109","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-022-02298-7","volume":"37","author":"AN Warwick","year":"2023","unstructured":"Warwick, A. N. et al. UK Biobank retinal imaging grading: methodology, baseline characteristics and findings for common ocular diseases. Eye 37, 2109\u20132116 (2023).","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"2488_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.06.017","volume":"200","author":"SM Smith","year":"2019","unstructured":"Smith, S. M., Vidaurre, D., Alfaro-Almagro, F., Nichols, T. E. & Miller, K. L. Estimation of brain age delta from brain imaging. Neuroimage 200, 528\u2013539 (2019).","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2488_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2018.00317","volume":"10","author":"TT Le","year":"2018","unstructured":"Le, T. T. et al. A nonlinear simulation framework supports adjusting for age when analyzing BrainAGE. Front. Aging Neurosci. 10, 317 (2018).","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"2488_CR49","first-page":"40","volume":"223","author":"JD Ramsey","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ramsey, J. D. & Andrews, B. Py-Tetrad and RPy-Tetrad: a new python interface with R support for tetrad causal search. Proc. Mach. Learn. Res. 223, 40\u201351 (2023).","journal-title":"Proc. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"key":"2488_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06547-x","volume":"622","author":"RS Dhindsa","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dhindsa, R. S. et al. Rare variant associations with plasma protein levels in the UK Biobank. Nature 622, 339\u2013347 (2023).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2488_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06592-6","volume":"622","author":"BB Sun","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sun, B. B. et al. Plasma proteomic associations with genetics and health in the UK Biobank. Nature 622, 329\u2013338 (2023).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2488_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-36231-7","volume":"14","author":"H Julkunen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Julkunen, H. et al. Atlas of plasma NMR biomarkers for health and disease in 118,461 individuals from the UK Biobank. Nat. Commun. 14, 604 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2488_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1784","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-024-01903-x","volume":"8","author":"B Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang, B. et al. Identifying behaviour-related and physiological risk factors for suicide attempts in the UK Biobank. Nat. Hum. Behav. 8, 1784\u20131797 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"2488_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyx204","volume":"47","author":"LAC Millard","year":"2018","unstructured":"Millard, L. A. C., Davies, N. M., Gaunt, T. R., Davey Smith, G. & Tilling, K. Software application profile: PHESANT: a tool for performing automated phenome scans in UK Biobank. Int. J. Epidemiol. 47, 29\u201335 (2018).","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"2488_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2672","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-024-01972-8","volume":"56","author":"D Western","year":"2024","unstructured":"Western, D. et al. Proteogenomic analysis of human cerebrospinal fluid identifies neurologically relevant regulation and implicates causal proteins for Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Nat. Genet. 56, 2672\u20132684 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."}],"container-title":["npj Digital Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41746-026-02488-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41746-026-02488-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41746-026-02488-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T12:02:42Z","timestamp":1775131362000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41746-026-02488-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2488"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41746-026-02488-7","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-7855732\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2398-6352"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2398-6352","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"278"}}