{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T02:04:31Z","timestamp":1780538671661,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775606400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":57,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Manchester - China Scholarship Council Joint Scholarship","award":["202108320049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202108320049"]}]},{"name":"NIHR Policy Research Unit in Healthy Ageing, Older People and Frailty","award":["NIHR206119"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR206119"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIHR200299"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR200299"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["npj Digit. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Possible sarcopenia is prevalent among community-dwelling young-old adults, yet scalable, evidence-based social media interventions for prevention remain limited. This study evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of a Social media\u2013based Health Education plus Exercise Programme (SHEEP) delivered via TikTok, along with its associated trial procedures. A single-arm mixed-methods feasibility study was conducted with 35 adults aged 60\u201369 years with possible sarcopenia in China. Participants received one week of health education followed by six weeks of home-based exercise training, with a six-week follow-up. Recruitment reached 38.5% of interested individuals, and 81.4% of eligible participants enroled. Adherence was high across intervention components, with most participants completing follow-up assessments. No exercise-related adverse events were reported, and both the intervention and study procedures were rated as highly acceptable. Exploratory analyses suggested improvements in muscle function, sarcopenia-related knowledge, self-efficacy, and exercise adherence. Qualitative findings indicated perceived physical and mental benefits and satisfaction with the programme. Overall, the SHEEP intervention and trial procedures were feasible, safe, and well accepted, meeting all pre-defined progression criteria. These findings support progression to a fully powered randomised controlled trial, with future studies optimising recruitment strategies and exploring hybrid delivery to enhance accessibility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-026-02585-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T08:16:25Z","timestamp":1775636185000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Feasibility of social media health education plus exercise in older adults with possible sarcopenia"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4877-2312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ya","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4522-5292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma","family":"Stanmore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0533-3029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"McGarrigle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6710-7285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiuhua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5135-822X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Can","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4930-4333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6645-4505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chris","family":"Todd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2585_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"afae052","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afae052","volume":"53","author":"B Kirk","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kirk, B. et al. The Conceptual Definition of Sarcopenia: Delphi Consensus from the Global Leadership Initiative in Sarcopenia (GLIS). Age Ageing 53, afae052 (2024).","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"2585_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afy169","volume":"48","author":"AJ Cruz-Jentoft","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cruz-Jentoft, A. J. et al. Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age Ageing 48, 16\u201331 (2019).","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"2585_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2019.12.012","volume":"21","author":"L-K Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen, L.-K. et al. Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia: 2019 Consensus Update on Sarcopenia Diagnosis and Treatment. J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc. 21, 300\u2013307.e2 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc."},{"key":"2585_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-020-01718-1","volume":"20","author":"J Wearing","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wearing, J., Konings, P., de Bie, R. A., Stokes, M. & de Bruin, E. D. Prevalence of probable sarcopenia in community-dwelling older Swiss people - a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr. 20, 307 (2020).","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr."},{"key":"2585_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.22540\/JFSF-06-204","volume":"6","author":"M Tsekoura","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tsekoura, M., Billis, E., Matzaroglou, C., Tsepis, E. & Gliatis, J. Prevalence of probable sarcopenia in community-dwelling older Greek people. J. Frailty Sarcopenia Falls 6, 204\u2013208 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Frailty Sarcopenia Falls"},{"key":"2585_CR6","first-page":"8711","volume":"24","author":"CDS Paludo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Paludo, C. D. S., Gonzalez, T. N., Soares, P. S. M. & Meucci, R. D. Prevalence and factors associated with probable sarcopenia in southern Brazil: a population-based study. Rural Remote Health 24, 8711 (2024).","journal-title":"Rural Remote Health"},{"key":"2585_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-022-02078-z","volume":"34","author":"SK Lim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lim, S. K. & Kong, S. Prevalence, physical characteristics, and fall risk in older adults with and without possible sarcopenia. Aging Clin. Exp. Res. 34, 1365\u20131371 (2022).","journal-title":"Aging Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"2585_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2020.10.021","volume":"22","author":"M\u00c1 P\u00e9rez-Sousa","year":"2021","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez-Sousa, M. \u00c1, Pozo-Cruz, J. D., Cano-Guti\u00e9rrez, C. A., Izquierdo, M. & Ram\u00edrez-V\u00e9lez, R. High Prevalence of Probable Sarcopenia in a Representative Sample From Colombia: Implications for Geriatrics in Latin America. J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc. 22, 859\u2013864.e1 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc."},{"key":"2585_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1159\/000519304","volume":"68","author":"E Ramirez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ramirez, E., Salas, R., Bouzas, C., Pastor, R. & Tur, J. A. Comparison between Original and Reviewed Consensus of European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People: A Probabilistic Cross-Sectional Survey among Community-Dwelling Older People. Gerontology 68, 869\u2013876 (2022).","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"2585_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769708","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.769708","volume":"8","author":"Z Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen, Z., Ho, M. & Chau, P. H. Prevalence, Incidence, and Associated Factors of Possible Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Chinese Older Adults: A Population-Based Longitudinal Study. Front. Med. 8, 769708 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"2585_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e067425","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-067425","volume":"12","author":"J Yao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yao, J. et al. Prevalence of possible sarcopenia in community-dwelling older Chinese adults: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 12, e067425 (2022).","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2585_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-019-1338-1","volume":"19","author":"S Sobestiansky","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sobestiansky, S., Michaelsson, K. & Cederholm, T. Sarcopenia prevalence and associations with mortality and hospitalisation by various sarcopenia definitions in 85-89\u2009year old community-dwelling men: a report from the ULSAM study. BMC Geriatr. 19, 318 (2019).","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr."},{"key":"2585_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afz091","volume":"48","author":"M Kim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim, M. & Won, C. W. Prevalence of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults using the definition of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2: findings from the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study. Age Ageing 48, 910\u2013916 (2019).","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"2585_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-023-02453-4","volume":"35","author":"CH Murphy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Murphy, C. H. et al. Prevalence and determinants of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults in Ireland. Aging Clin. Exp. Res. 35, 1651\u20131660 (2023).","journal-title":"Aging Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"2585_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9130","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17239130","volume":"17","author":"C Guillam\u00f3n-Escudero","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guillam\u00f3n-Escudero, C., Diago-Galm\u00e9s, A., Ten\u00edas-Burillo, J. M., Soriano, J. M. & Fern\u00e1ndez-Garrido, J. J. Prevalence of Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Valencia, Spain. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health 17, 9130 (2020).","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health"},{"key":"2585_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-020-1371-y","volume":"24","author":"J Chew","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chew, J. et al. Muscle Strength Definitions Matter: Prevalence of Sarcopenia and Predictive Validity for Adverse Outcomes Using the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2) Criteria. J. Nutr. Health Aging 24, 614\u2013618 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Health Aging"},{"key":"2585_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0247617","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0247617","volume":"16","author":"X Wu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wu, X. et al. Sarcopenia prevalence and associated factors among older Chinese population: Findings from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. PloS One 16, e0247617 (2021).","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"2585_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-022-03286-y","volume":"22","author":"J Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang, J. et al. Prevalence and associated factors of possible sarcopenia and sarcopenia: findings from a Chinese community-dwelling old adults cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr. 22, 592 (2022).","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr."},{"key":"2585_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2020.05.029","volume":"22","author":"BWJ Pang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pang, B. W. J. et al. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Sarcopenia in Singaporean Adults-The Yishun Study. J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc. 22, 885.e1\u2013885.e10 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc."},{"key":"2585_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660463","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.660463","volume":"8","author":"RA Merchant","year":"2021","unstructured":"Merchant, R. A. et al. Possible Sarcopenia and impact of dual-task exercise on gait speed, handgrip strength, falls, and perceived health. Front. Med. 8, 660463 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"2585_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1177\/02601060211051592","volume":"28","author":"SL Ullevig","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ullevig, S. L., Zuniga, K., Austin Lobitz, C., Santoyo, A. & Yin, Z. Egg protein supplementation improved upper body muscle strength and protein intake in community-dwelling older adult females who attended congregate meal sites or adult learning centers: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Nutr. Health 28, 611\u2013620 (2022).","journal-title":"Nutr. Health"},{"key":"2585_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-025-01244-z","volume":"24","author":"J Sun","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sun, J. et al. Effects of combined nutritional supplementation and exercise on proxy measures of muscle mass, strength, and function in older adults with sarcopenia: a 12-week multicentre RCT. Nutr. J. 24, 180 (2025).","journal-title":"Nutr. J."},{"key":"2585_CR23","first-page":"1190","volume":"21","author":"X Dong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dong, X., Mo, Y. & Wang, X. Effects of resistance exercise on muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance in the elderly at risk of sarcopenia. Chin. Nurs. Manag. 21, 1190\u20131195 (2021).","journal-title":"Chin. Nurs. Manag."},{"key":"2585_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2023.105022","volume":"112","author":"Y Shi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shi, Y., Tang, Y., Stanmore, E., McGarrigle, L. & Todd, C. Non-pharmacological interventions for community-dwelling older adults with possible sarcopenia or sarcopenia: a scoping review. Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr. 112, 105022 (2023).","journal-title":"Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr."},{"key":"2585_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12634","volume":"11","author":"J van den Helder","year":"2020","unstructured":"van den Helder, J. et al. Blended home-based exercise and dietary protein in community-dwelling older adults: a cluster randomized controlled trial. J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 11, 1590\u20131602 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"2585_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4788","DOI":"10.3390\/s24154788","volume":"24","author":"M Bonato","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bonato, M. et al. A digital platform for home-based exercise prescription for older people with Sarcopenia. Sensors 24, 4788 (2024).","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"2585_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/76357","volume":"13","author":"Y An","year":"2025","unstructured":"An, Y., Min, S. & Park, C. Mixed reality-based physical therapy in older adults with sarcopenia: preliminary randomized controlled trial. JMIR Serious Games 13, e76357 (2025).","journal-title":"JMIR Serious Games"},{"key":"2585_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s41999-024-01082-y","volume":"16","author":"M Wei","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wei, M. et al. Investigating the efficacy of AI-enhanced telerehabilitation in sarcopenic older individuals. Eur. Geriatr. Med. 16, 115\u2013123 (2025).","journal-title":"Eur. Geriatr. Med."},{"key":"2585_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/33518","volume":"10","author":"VC Willis","year":"2022","unstructured":"Willis, V. C. et al. Digital health interventions to enhance prevention in primary care: scoping review. JMIR Med. Inform. 10, e33518 (2022).","journal-title":"JMIR Med. Inform."},{"key":"2585_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shi, Y., Ye, Y., Stanmore, E., Gu, C. & Todd, C. Effectiveness of digital health exercise interventions on muscle function and physical performance in older adults with possible, confirmed, or severe sarcopenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur. Rev. Aging Phys. Act. in press (2026).","DOI":"10.1186\/s11556-026-00409-x"},{"key":"2585_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0286490","volume":"19","author":"Y Shi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shi, Y., Stanmore, E., McGarrigle, L. & Todd, C. Social-media based Health Education plus Exercise Programme (SHEEP) to improve muscle function among community-dwelling young-old adults with possible sarcopenia in China: A study protocol for intervention development. PloS One 19, e0286490 (2024).","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"2585_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2024.108027","volume":"186","author":"Y Shi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shi, Y. et al. Development of a community intervention combining social media-based health education plus exercise programme (SHEEP) to improve muscle function among young-old adults with possible sarcopenia: Co-design approach. Maturitas 186, 108027 (2024).","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"2585_CR33","unstructured":"Jing, Y. An empirical study on the use of TikTok app by the urban elderly \u2013 Taking the urban elderly in Jinan as an example. (2022)."},{"key":"2585_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lu, X. & Lu, Z. Fifteen Seconds of Fame: A Qualitative Study of Douyin, A Short Video Sharing Mobile Application in China. in 233\u2013244 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-21902-4_17.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-21902-4_17"},{"key":"2585_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, X., Zhang, Y. & Zhang, X. The short video usage motivation and behavior of middle-aged and old users. Libr. Hi Tech. 42, (2022).","DOI":"10.1108\/LHT-09-2021-0318"},{"key":"2585_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.774675","volume":"9","author":"X Chai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chai, X. How Has the Nationwide Public Health Emergency of the COVID-19 Pandemic Affected Older Chinese Adults\u2019 Health Literacy, Health Behaviors and Practices, and Social Connectedness? Qualitative Evidence From Urban China. Front. Public Health 9, 774675 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"2585_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2021.02.051","volume":"85","author":"B Kassamali","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kassamali, B. et al. Characterizing top educational TikTok videos by dermatologists in response to \u2018TikTok and dermatology: An opportunity for public health engagement. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 85, e27\u2013e28 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"2585_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnac055","volume":"62","author":"R Ng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ng, R. & Indran, N. Not too old for TikTok: how older adults are reframing aging. Gerontologist 62, 1207\u20131216 (2022).","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"key":"2585_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lu, X., Lu, Z. & Liu, C. Exploring TikTok Use and Non-use Practices and Experiences in China. in Social Computing and Social Media. Participation, User Experience, Consumer Experience, and Applications of Social Computing (ed. Meiselwitz, G.) 57\u201370 (Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-49576-3_5.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-49576-3_5"},{"key":"2585_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1992.tb01823.x","volume":"40","author":"DE Forman","year":"1992","unstructured":"Forman, D. E., Berman, A. D., McCabe, C. H., Baim, D. S. & Wei, J. Y. PTCA in the elderly: the \u2018young-old\u2019 versus the \u2018old-old\u2019. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 40, 19\u201322 (1992).","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"2585_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/gln045","volume":"64","author":"CA Zizza","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zizza, C. A., Ellison, K. J. & Wernette, C. M. Total water intakes of community-living middle-old and oldest-old adults. J. Gerontol. A. Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 64, 481\u2013486 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. A. Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"2585_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13140\/2.1.5188.9286","author":"P Kowal","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kowal, P. & Dowd, J. De\u0301fin. Older Pers. Proposed Working De\u0301fin. Older Pers. Afr. MDS Proj. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13140\/2.1.5188.9286 (2001).","journal-title":"De\u0301fin. Older Pers. Proposed Working De\u0301fin. Older Pers. Afr. MDS Proj."},{"key":"2585_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9051386","volume":"9","author":"H Makizako","year":"2020","unstructured":"Makizako, H. et al. Effects of a Multicomponent Exercise Program in Physical Function and Muscle Mass in Sarcopenic\/Pre-Sarcopenic Adults. J. Clin. Med. 9, 1386 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"2585_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.explore.2020.05.010","volume":"17","author":"C Jones","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jones, C., Chen, K.-M., Weeks, B., Qi, M. & Moyle, W. Healthy Beat Acupunch exercise program: Validation and feasibility study for older adults with reduced physical capacity or probable sarcopenia. Explor. N. Y. N. 17, 498\u2013504 (2021).","journal-title":"Explor. N. Y. N."},{"key":"2585_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kv, C., Wt, W., Kc, H. & Ds, H. Effectiveness of early versus delayed exercise and nutritional intervention on segmental body composition of sarcopenic elders - A randomized controlled trial. Clin. Nutr. Edinb. Scotl. 40, (2021).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.06.037"},{"key":"2585_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1111\/dewb.12170","volume":"18","author":"J-B Nie","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nie, J.-B. et al. The vicious circle of patient-physician mistrust in China: health professionals\u2019 perspectives, institutional conflict of interest, and building trust through medical professionalism. Dev. World Bioeth. 18, 26\u201336 (2018).","journal-title":"Dev. World Bioeth."},{"key":"2585_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wu, Z. & Trigo, V. Views on Current Situation, Causes and Responses of Doctor-Patient Conflicts in New Situations. in 897\u2013901 (Atlantis Press, 2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2991\/assehr.k.200826.184.","DOI":"10.2991\/assehr.k.200826.184"},{"key":"2585_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1080\/10810730.2022.2071505","volume":"27","author":"L Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen, L., Tang, H. & Guo, Y. Effect of Patient-Centered Communication on Physician-Patient Conflicts from the Physicians\u2019 Perspective: A Moderated Mediation Model. J. Health Commun. 27, 164\u2013172 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Health Commun."},{"key":"2585_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2016.09.005","volume":"42","author":"P Zhou","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhou, P. & Grady, S. C. Three modes of power operation: Understanding doctor-patient conflicts in China\u2019s hospital therapeutic landscapes. Health Place 42, 137\u2013147 (2016).","journal-title":"Health Place"},{"key":"2585_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0150205","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0150205","volume":"11","author":"SM Eldridge","year":"2016","unstructured":"Eldridge, S. M. et al. Defining Feasibility and Pilot Studies in Preparation for Randomised Controlled Trials: Development of a Conceptual Framework. PloS One 11, e0150205 (2016).","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"2585_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/59468","volume":"26","author":"S-H Tuan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tuan, S.-H. et al. Assessing the Clinical Effectiveness of an Exergame-Based Exercise Training Program Using Ring Fit Adventure to Prevent and Postpone Frailty and Sarcopenia Among Older Adults in Rural Long-Term Care Facilities: Randomized Controlled Trial. J. Med. Internet Res. 26, e59468 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"2585_CR52","first-page":"2565","volume":"59","author":"C Ji","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ji, C., Li, Y., Dong, Z. & Luo, Z. A study of a tele-diet combined exercise intervention program in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with sarcopenia. Chin. J. Nurs. 59, 2565 (2024).","journal-title":"Chin. J. Nurs."},{"key":"2585_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-025-06142-x","volume":"25","author":"C-E Wu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wu, C.-E. & Manga, Y. B. Impact of wearable-assisted walking on sarcopenia and body composition in older adults. BMC Geriatr. 25, 466 (2025).","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr."},{"key":"2585_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2458","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14122458","volume":"14","author":"Z Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang, Z. et al. Effects of Internet-Based Nutrition and Exercise Interventions on the Prevention and Treatment of Sarcopenia in the Elderly. Nutrients 14, 2458 (2022).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2585_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/60183","volume":"26","author":"M-H Ho","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ho, M.-H., Peng, C.-Y., Liao, Y. & Yen, H.-Y. Efficacy of a Wearable Activity Tracker With Step-by-Step Goal-Setting on Older Adults\u2019 Physical Activity and Sarcopenia Indicators: Clustered Trial. J. Med. Internet Res. 26, e60183 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"2585_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2016.11.002","volume":"87","author":"J Hong","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hong, J., Kim, J., Kim, S. W. & Kong, H.-J. Effects of home-based tele-exercise on sarcopenia among community-dwelling elderly adults: Body composition and functional fitness. Exp. Gerontol. 87, 33\u201339 (2017).","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"2585_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/67846","volume":"27","author":"L Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang, L. et al. A 4-Week Mobile App-Based Telerehabilitation Program vs Conventional In-Person Rehabilitation in Older Adults With Sarcopenia: Randomized Controlled Trial. J. Med. Internet Res. 27, e67846 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"2585_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1177\/0898264319852840","volume":"32","author":"JM Van Ancum","year":"2020","unstructured":"Van Ancum, J. M. et al. Lack of knowledge contrasts the willingness to counteract sarcopenia among community-dwelling adults. J. Aging Health 32, 787\u2013794 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Aging Health"},{"key":"2585_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gerinurse.2025.103464","volume":"65","author":"H-L Chiu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chiu, H.-L. et al. The relationship between Sarcopenia knowledge and risk in community-dwelling older adults. Geriatr. Nurs. N. Y. N. 65, 103464 (2025).","journal-title":"Geriatr. Nurs. N. Y. N."},{"key":"2585_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-024-05291-9","volume":"24","author":"D Wu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wu, D., Yu, X., Li, F., Qiao, W. & Chen, X. Geriatric syndrome awareness and its determinants in China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr. 24, 712 (2024).","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr."},{"key":"2585_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1391383","volume":"12","author":"D Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang, D. et al. Path analysis of the awareness status and influencing factors of sarcopenia in older adults in the community: based on structural equation modeling. Front. Public Health 12, 1391383 (2024).","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"2585_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-7435(86)90025-3","volume":"15","author":"EP Bettinghaus","year":"1986","unstructured":"Bettinghaus, E. P. Health promotion and the knowledge-attitude-behavior continuum. Prev. Med. 15, 475\u2013491 (1986).","journal-title":"Prev. Med."},{"key":"2585_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1080\/10410236.2013.873363","volume":"30","author":"CL Jones","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jones, C. L. et al. The Health Belief Model as an explanatory framework in communication research: exploring parallel, serial, and moderated mediation. Health Commun. 30, 566\u2013576 (2015).","journal-title":"Health Commun."},{"key":"2585_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.13.04079","volume":"13","author":"B Paul","year":"2023","unstructured":"Paul, B. et al. A systematic review of the theory of planned behaviour interventions for chronic diseases in low health-literacy settings. J. Glob. Health 13, 04079 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Glob. Health"},{"key":"2585_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199901000-00003","volume":"37","author":"KR Lorig","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lorig, K. R. et al. Evidence suggesting that a chronic disease self-management program can improve health status while reducing hospitalization: a randomized trial. Med. Care 37, 5\u201314 (1999).","journal-title":"Med. Care"},{"key":"2585_CR66","first-page":"256","volume":"4","author":"KR Lorig","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lorig, K. R., Sobel, D. S., Ritter, P. L., Laurent, D. & Hobbs, M. Effect of a self-management program on patients with chronic disease. Eff. Clin. Pract. ECP 4, 256\u2013262 (2001).","journal-title":"Eff. Clin. Pract. ECP"},{"key":"2585_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1177\/1054773804267878","volume":"13","author":"K Farrell","year":"2004","unstructured":"Farrell, K., Wicks, M. N. & Martin, J. C. Chronic disease self-management improved with enhanced self-efficacy. Clin. Nurs. Res. 13, 289\u2013308 (2004).","journal-title":"Clin. Nurs. Res."},{"key":"2585_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-021-1665-8","volume":"25","author":"M Izquierdo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Izquierdo, M. et al. International Exercise Recommendations in Older Adults (ICFSR): Expert Consensus Guidelines. J. Nutr. Health Aging 25, 824\u2013853 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Health Aging"},{"key":"2585_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20552076231183552","volume":"9","author":"DJ Bannell","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bannell, D. J. et al. Adherence to unsupervised exercise in sedentary individuals: A randomised feasibility trial of two mobile health interventions. Digit. Health 9, 20552076231183552 (2023).","journal-title":"Digit. Health"},{"key":"2585_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-024-05393-4","volume":"24","author":"IJ Liang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liang, I. J. et al. The effectiveness of unsupervised home-based exercise for improving lower extremity physical function in older adults in Western and Eastern cultures: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Geriatr. 24, 800 (2024).","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr."},{"key":"2585_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/20283","volume":"22","author":"G Meyerowitz-Katz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Meyerowitz-Katz, G. et al. Rates of Attrition and Dropout in App-Based Interventions for Chronic Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J. Med. Internet Res. 22, e20283 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"2585_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1007\/s13142-016-0453-1","volume":"7","author":"O Perski","year":"2017","unstructured":"Perski, O., Blandford, A., West, R. & Michie, S. Conceptualising engagement with digital behaviour change interventions: a systematic review using principles from critical interpretive synthesis. Transl. Behav. Med. 7, 254\u2013267 (2017).","journal-title":"Transl. Behav. Med."},{"key":"2585_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2016.06.015","volume":"51","author":"L Yardley","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yardley, L. et al. Understanding and Promoting Effective Engagement With Digital Behavior Change Interventions. Am. J. Prev. Med. 51, 833\u2013842 (2016).","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"2585_CR74","unstructured":"Corliss, J. Need more inspiration to exercise? Don\u2019t go it alone. Harvard Health https:\/\/www.health.harvard.edu\/heart-health\/need-more-inspiration-to-exercise-dont-go-it-alone (2024)."},{"key":"2585_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-017-0509-8","volume":"14","author":"G Lindsay Smith","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lindsay Smith, G., Banting, L., Eime, R., O\u2019Sullivan, G. & van Uffelen, J. G. Z. The association between social support and physical activity in older adults: a systematic review. Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act. 14, 56 (2017).","journal-title":"Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act."},{"key":"2585_CR76","unstructured":"Uetova, E., Hederman, L., Ross, R. J., Oppezzo, M. A. & O\u2019Sullivan, D. Understanding Group Engagement in Online Peer Support Groups: Influence of Structured Elements and Organic Interactions. Proc. Ext. Abstr. CHI Conf. Hum. Factors Comput. Syst. https:\/\/oamonitor.ireland.openaire.eu\/national\/\/search\/publication?pid=10.1145%2F3706599.3719818 (2025)."},{"key":"2585_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/45858","volume":"26","author":"A Necaise","year":"2024","unstructured":"Necaise, A. & Amon, M. J. Peer Support for Chronic Pain in Online Health Communities: Quantitative Study on the Dynamics of Social Interactions in a Chronic Pain Forum. J. Med. Internet Res. 26, e45858 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"2585_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1007\/s10882-024-09951-x","volume":"36","author":"A Nunez-Gaunaurd","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nunez-Gaunaurd, A. & Tovin, M. Promoting physical activity through telehealth, peer support, and wearables: a pilot randomized controlled trial among adults with autism spectrum disorder. J. Dev. Phys. Disabil. 36, 921\u2013947 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Dev. Phys. Disabil."},{"key":"2585_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1093\/tbm\/ibac008","volume":"12","author":"J Su","year":"2022","unstructured":"Su, J., Dugas, M., Guo, X. & Gao, G. Building social identity-based groups to enhance online peer support for patients with chronic disease: a pilot study using mixed-methods evaluation. Transl. Behav. Med. 12, 702\u2013712 (2022).","journal-title":"Transl. Behav. Med."},{"key":"2585_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1007\/s41347-019-00105-x","volume":"4","author":"KL Fortuna","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fortuna, K. L., Brooks, J. M., Umucu, E., Walker, R. & Chow, P. I. Peer Support: a human factor to enhance engagement in digital health behavior change interventions. J. Technol. Behav. Sci. 4, 152\u2013161 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Technol. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"2585_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-025-01844-2","volume":"22","author":"G Tarantino","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tarantino, G. et al. Effectiveness of booster strategies to promote physical activity maintenance: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act. 22, 138 (2025).","journal-title":"Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act."},{"key":"2585_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-18863-6","volume":"24","author":"P Steinhoff","year":"2024","unstructured":"Steinhoff, P. & Reiner, A. Physical activity and functional social support in community-dwelling older adults: a scoping review. BMC Public Health 24, 1355 (2024).","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2585_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1080\/17437199.2023.2233592","volume":"18","author":"K Strohacker","year":"2024","unstructured":"Strohacker, K., Sudeck, G., Keegan, R., Ibrahim, A. H. & Beaumont, C. T. Contextualising flexible nonlinear periodization as a person-adaptive behavioral model for exercise maintenance. Health Psychol. Rev. 18, 285\u2013298 (2024).","journal-title":"Health Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"2585_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1177\/17579759241277493","volume":"32","author":"S Igras","year":"2025","unstructured":"Igras, S., Diakit\u00e9, M., Kohli, A. & Fogliani, C. How norms-shifting interventions foster community-level social and behavior change: new insights from a synthesis of realist evaluations of community-level interventions. Glob. Health Promot. 32, 94\u2013107 (2025).","journal-title":"Glob. Health Promot."},{"key":"2585_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i5239","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i5239","volume":"355","author":"SM Eldridge","year":"2016","unstructured":"Eldridge, S. M. et al. CONSORT 2010 statement: extension to randomised pilot and feasibility trials. BMJ 355, i5239 (2016).","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2585_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2252","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.21022","volume":"328","author":"NJ Butcher","year":"2022","unstructured":"Butcher, N. J. et al. Guidelines for Reporting Outcomes in Trial Reports: The CONSORT-Outcomes 2022 Extension. JAMA 328, 2252\u20132264 (2022).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2585_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40814-019-0499-1","volume":"5","author":"GA Lancaster","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lancaster, G. A. & Thabane, L. Guidelines for reporting non-randomised pilot and feasibility studies. Pilot Feasibil. Stud. 5, 114 (2019).","journal-title":"Pilot Feasibil. Stud."},{"key":"2585_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0303481","volume":"20","author":"Y Shi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shi, Y., Stanmore, E., McGarrigle, L. & Todd, C. Social media-based Health Education plus Exercise Program (SHEEP) to improve muscle function among young-old adults with possible sarcopenia in the community: A feasibility study protocol. PLoS One 20, e0303481 (2025).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2585_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-39002-y","volume":"13","author":"A Barreto de Lima","year":"2023","unstructured":"Barreto de Lima, A., dos Santos Ribeiro, G., Henriques-Neto, D., R\u00fabio Gouveia, \u00c9 & Baptista, F. Diagnostic performance of SARC-F and SARC-CalF in screening for sarcopenia in older adults in Northern Brazil. Sci. Rep. 13, 11698 (2023).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2585_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1002\/pst.185","volume":"4","author":"SA Julious","year":"2005","unstructured":"Julious, S. A. Sample size of 12 per group rule of thumb for a pilot study. Pharm. Stat. 4, 287\u2013291 (2005).","journal-title":"Pharm. Stat."},{"key":"2585_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280215588241","volume":"25","author":"AL Whitehead","year":"2016","unstructured":"Whitehead, A. L., Julious, S. A., Cooper, C. L. & Campbell, M. J. Estimating the sample size for a pilot randomised trial to minimise the overall trial sample size for the external pilot and main trial for a continuous outcome variable. Stat. Methods Med. Res. 25, 1057\u20131073 (2016).","journal-title":"Stat. Methods Med. Res."},{"key":"2585_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqx063","volume":"67","author":"N Williams","year":"2017","unstructured":"Williams, N. The Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale. Occup. Med. 67, 404\u2013405 (2017).","journal-title":"Occup. Med."},{"key":"2585_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"g1687","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g1687","volume":"348","author":"TC Hoffmann","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hoffmann, T. C. et al. Better reporting of interventions: template for intervention description and replication (TIDieR) checklist and guide. BMJ 348, g1687 (2014).","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2585_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000001664","volume":"60","author":"JA Teresi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Teresi, J. A., Yu, X., Stewart, A. L. & Hays, R. D. Guidelines for Designing and Evaluating Feasibility Pilot Studies. Med. Care 60, 95\u2013103 (2022).","journal-title":"Med. Care"},{"key":"2585_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-025-06570-4","volume":"25","author":"T Skliarova","year":"2025","unstructured":"Skliarova, T. et al. Pilot randomised controlled trial on the feasibility and intervention satisfaction with an educational group programme for adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and their caregivers. BMC Psychiatry 25, 161 (2025).","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"2585_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40814-023-01363-6","volume":"9","author":"T Khalid","year":"2023","unstructured":"Khalid, T. et al. Prehabilitation for frail patients undergoing total hip or knee replacement: protocol for the Joint PREP feasibility randomised controlled trial. Pilot Feasibil. Stud. 9, 138 (2023).","journal-title":"Pilot Feasibil. Stud."},{"key":"2585_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.7.1.105","volume":"7","author":"SB Morris","year":"2002","unstructured":"Morris, S. B. & DeShon, R. P. Combining effect size estimates in meta-analysis with repeated measures and independent-groups designs. Psychol. Methods 7, 105\u2013125 (2002).","journal-title":"Psychol. Methods"},{"key":"2585_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2013.00863","volume":"4","author":"D Lakens","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lakens, D. Calculating and reporting effect sizes to facilitate cumulative science: a practical primer for t-tests and ANOVAs. Front. Psychol. 4, 863 (2013).","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"2585_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.4300\/JGME-D-12-00156.1","volume":"4","author":"GM Sullivan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sullivan, G. M. & Feinn, R. Using Effect Size\u2014or Why the P Value Is Not Enough. J. Grad. Med. Educ. 4, 279\u2013282 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Grad. Med. Educ."},{"key":"2585_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-10-1","volume":"10","author":"L Thabane","year":"2010","unstructured":"Thabane, L. et al. A tutorial on pilot studies: the what, why and how. BMC Med. Res. Methodol. 10, 1 (2010).","journal-title":"BMC Med. Res. Methodol."},{"key":"2585_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","volume":"3","author":"V Braun","year":"2006","unstructured":"Braun, V. & Clarke, V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual. Res. Psychol. 3, 77\u2013101 (2006).","journal-title":"Qual. Res. Psychol."}],"container-title":["npj Digital Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41746-026-02585-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41746-026-02585-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41746-026-02585-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T01:02:31Z","timestamp":1780534951000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41746-026-02585-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]]},"references-count":101,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2585"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41746-026-02585-7","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-7624386\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2398-6352"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2398-6352","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"430"}}