{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T10:01:41Z","timestamp":1781172101511,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781136000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001839","name":"University Grants Committee","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CRF C4026-21GF, GRF 14203323, GRF 14216022, GRF 14211420, N\\_CUHK420\/22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRF C4026-21GF, GRF 14203323, GRF 14216022, GRF 14211420, N\\_CUHK420\/22"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001839","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Shenzhen-Hong Kong-Macau Technology Research Programme","award":["STIC Grant 202108233000303"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["STIC Grant 202108233000303"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["npj Digit. Med."],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-026-02827-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T09:38:01Z","timestamp":1781170681000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["How can reasoning capability empower the AI copilot robot in endoscopic surgery"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Guankun","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Long","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongliang","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2827_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2022.3180350","volume":"110","author":"T Haidegger","year":"2022","unstructured":"Haidegger, T., Speidel, S., Stoyanov, D. & Satava, R. M. Robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery-\u0164surgical robotics in the data age. Proc. IEEE 110, 835\u2013846 (2022).","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"key":"2827_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-017-0132-7","volume":"1","author":"L Maier-Hein","year":"2017","unstructured":"Maier-Hein, L. et al. Surgical data science for next-generation interventions. Nat. Biomed. Eng. 1, 691\u2013696 (2017).","journal-title":"Nat. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"2827_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zheng, J. et al. Universal actions for enhanced embodied foundation models. In Proceedings of the Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Conference, 22508\u201322519 (2025).","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52734.2025.02096"},{"key":"2827_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, M. J., Finn, C. & Liang, P. Fine-tuning vision-language-action models: Optimizing speed and success. arXiv preprint arXiv:2502.19645 (2025).","DOI":"10.15607\/RSS.2025.XXI.017"},{"key":"2827_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-024-00917-4","volume":"6","author":"S Schmidgall","year":"2024","unstructured":"Schmidgall, S., Kim, J. W., Kuntz, A., Ghazi, A. E. & Krieger, A. General-purpose foundation models for increased autonomy in robot-assisted surgery. Nat. Mach. Intell. 6, 1275\u20131283 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Mach. Intell"},{"key":"2827_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1109\/TMRB.2019.2913282","volume":"1","author":"T Haidegger","year":"2019","unstructured":"Haidegger, T. Autonomy for surgical robots: Concepts and paradigms. IEEE Trans. Med. Robot. Bionics 1, 65\u201376 (2019).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Med. Robot. Bionics"},{"key":"2827_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2022.05.019","volume":"96","author":"Y Cui","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cui, Y., Thompson, C. C., Chiu, P. W. Y. & Gross, S. A. Robotics in therapeutic endoscopy (with video). Gastrointest. Endosc. 96, 402\u2013410 (2022).","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"2827_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, G. et al. Copesd: A multi-level surgical motion dataset for training large vision-language models to co-pilot endoscopic submucosal dissection. In Proceedings of the 33rd ACM International Conference on Multimedia, 12636\u201312643 (2025).","DOI":"10.1145\/3746027.3758200"},{"key":"2827_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shao, Z., Xu, J., Stoyanov, D., Mazomenos, E. B. & Jin, Y. Think step by step: Chain-of-gesture prompting for error detection in robotic surgical videos. IEEE Robot. Automation Lett. (2024).","DOI":"10.1109\/LRA.2024.3495452"},{"key":"2827_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-44385-7","volume":"15","author":"J Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang, J. et al. Ai co-pilot bronchoscope robot. Nat. Commun. 15, 241 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2827_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-09422-z","volume":"645","author":"D Guo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Guo, D. DeepSeek-R1 incentivizes reasoning in LLMs through reinforcement learning. Nature 645, 633\u2013638 (2025).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2827_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-025-01005-x","volume":"7","author":"R Mon-Williams","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mon-Williams, R., Li, G., Long, R., Du, W. & Lucas, C. G. Embodied large language models enable robots to complete complex tasks in unpredictable environments. Nat. Mach. Intell. 7, 592\u2013601 (2025).","journal-title":"Nat. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"2827_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1177\/02783649231209338","volume":"43","author":"H Gao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gao, H. et al. Transendoscopic flexible parallel continuum robotic mechanism for bimanual endoscopic submucosal dissection. Int. J. Robot. Res. 43, 281\u2013304 (2024).","journal-title":"Int. J. Robot. Res."},{"key":"2827_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1177\/02783649241281508","volume":"44","author":"R Firoozi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Firoozi, R. et al. Foundation models in robotics: Applications, challenges, and the future. Int. J. Robot. Res. 44, 701\u2013739 (2025).","journal-title":"Int. J. Robot. Res."},{"key":"2827_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eadt5254","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.adt5254","volume":"10","author":"JW Kim","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kim, J. W. et al. Srt-h: A hierarchical framework for autonomous surgery via language-conditioned imitation learning. Sci. Robot. 10, eadt5254 (2025).","journal-title":"Sci. Robot."},{"key":"2827_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31150-5","volume":"13","author":"S Guenat","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guenat, S. et al. Meeting sustainable development goals via robotics and autonomous systems. Nat. Commun. 13, 3559 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2827_CR17","first-page":"422","volume":"43","author":"T Haidegger","year":"2023","unstructured":"Haidegger, T. et al. Robotics: Enabler and inhibitor of the sustainable development goals. Sustain. Prod. Consum. 43, 422\u2013434 (2023).","journal-title":"Sustain. Prod. Consum."}],"container-title":["npj Digital Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41746-026-02827-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41746-026-02827-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41746-026-02827-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T09:38:07Z","timestamp":1781170687000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41746-026-02827-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2827"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41746-026-02827-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["2398-6352"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2398-6352","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"447"}}