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This leads to difficulty in capturing useful information on device degradation through time-consuming optical characterization in their operating environments. Despite these challenges, understanding the degradation mechanism is crucial for advancing the technology towards commercialization. Here we present a self-supervised machine learning model that utilizes a multi-channel correlation and blind denoising to recover images without high-quality references, enabling fast and low-dose measurements. We perform operando luminescence mapping of various emerging optoelectronic semiconductors, including organic and halide perovskite photovoltaic and light-emitting devices. By tracking the spatially resolved degradation in electroluminescence of mixed-halide perovskite blue-light-emitting diodes, we discovered that lateral ion migration (perpendicular to the external electric field) during device operation triggers the formation of chloride-rich defective regions that emit poorly\u2014a mechanism that would not be resolvable with conventional imaging approaches.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-023-00736-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,9]],"date-time":"2023-11-09T17:02:57Z","timestamp":1699549377000},"page":"1225-1235","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Self-supervised deep learning for tracking degradation of perovskite light-emitting diodes with multispectral imaging"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1278-3212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kangyu","family":"Ji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Weizhe","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8471-3010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuqi","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6577-3432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lin-Song","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Javad","family":"Shamsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yu-Hsien","family":"Chiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jiawei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0071-8445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth M.","family":"Tennyson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1467-3041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linjie","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Qingbiao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2259-6154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyle","family":"Frohna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0384-5338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Anaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Neil C.","family":"Greenham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8303-7292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel D.","family":"Stranks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"736_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physchem-032210-103340","volume":"63","author":"T Ha","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ha, T. & Tinnefeld, P. 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