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Dithiocarbamates are antioxidants which are potent inhibitors of NF\u2010\u03baB.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>We postulated that pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) would attenuate inflammation. In the present study we investigate the effects of PDTC in animal models of acute and chronic inflammation (carrageenan\u2010induced pleurisy and collagen\u2010induced arthritis).<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>We report here for the first time that PDTC (given at 100, 30 or 10\u2003mg\u2003kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> i.p. in the pleurisy model or at 10\u2003mg\u2003kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> i.p. every 48\u2003h in the arthritis model) exerts potent anti\u2010inflammatory effects (e.g. significant reduction of (A) pleural exudate formation, (B) polymorphonuclear cell infiltration, (C) lipid peroxidation, (D) inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity and nitric oxide production (E) plasma and pleural exudates levels of interleukin\u20101\u03b2 and tumour necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1, (F) histological injury and (G) delayed development of clinical indicators).<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Furthermore, PDTC reduced immunohistochemical evidence of (A) formation of nitrotyrosine, (B) activation of poly (ADP\u2010ribose) polymerase (PARP), (C) expression of iNOS and (D) expression of cyclo\u2010oxygenase\u20102 (COX\u20102) in the lungs of carrageenan\u2010treated mice and in the joints from collagen\u2010treated mice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Additionally, Western blotting and immunohistochemical analysis of lung tissue revealed that PDTC prevented degradation of IKB\u2010\u03b1 and translocation of NF\u2010\u03baB from the cytoplasm into the nucleus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Taken together, our results clearly demonstrate that prevention of the activation of NF\u2010\u03baB by PDTC reduces the development of acute and chronic inflammation. Therefore, inhibition of NF\u2010\u03baB may represent a novel approach for the therapy of inflammation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>British Journal of Pharmacology<\/jats:italic> (2002) <jats:bold>135<\/jats:bold>, 496\u2013510; doi:<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" xlink:href=\"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0704463\">10.1038\/sj.bjp.0704463<\/jats:ext-link><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0704463","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,28]],"date-time":"2005-01-28T21:40:49Z","timestamp":1106948449000},"page":"496-510","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":175,"title":["RETRACTED: Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate attenuates the development of acute and chronic inflammation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"135","author":[{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Cuzzocrea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Prabal K","family":"Chatterjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Emanuela","family":"Mazzon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Dugo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ivana","family":"Serraino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"Britti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Mazzullo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Achille P","family":"Caputi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Thiemermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3020723"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199704103361506"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01616412.1995.11740322"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81318-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.12.040194.001041","article-title":"Function and activation of NF\u2010kB in the immune system","volume":"2","author":"BAUERLE P.A.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann. 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