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Here, we characterized potential roles of porcine milk-derived exosomes in the intestinal tract. <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>, treatment with milk-derived exosomes (27\u2009\u00b1\u20093\u2009ng and 55\u2009\u00b1\u20095\u2009ng total RNA) significantly promoted IPEC-J2 cell proliferation by MTT, CCK8, EdU fluorescence and EdU flow cytometry assays. The qRT-PCR and Western blot analyses indicated milk-derived exosomes (0.27\u2009\u00b1\u20090.03\u2009\u03bcg total RNA) significantly promoted expression of CDX2, IGF-1R and PCNA and inhibited p53 gene expression involved in intestinal proliferation. Additionally, six detected miRNAs were significantly increased in IPEC-J2 cell, while <jats:italic>FAS<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>SERPINE<\/jats:italic> were significantly down-regulated relative to that in control. <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>, treated groups (0.125\u2009\u03bcg and 0.25\u2009\u03bcg total RNA) significantly raised mice\u2019 villus height, crypt depth and ratio of villus length to crypt depth of intestinal tissues, significantly increased CDX2, PCNA and IGF-1R\u2019 expression and significantly inhibited p53\u2032 expression. Our study demonstrated that milk-derived exosomes can facilitate intestinal cell proliferation and intestinal tract development, thus giving a new insight for milk nutrition and newborn development and health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep33862","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,20]],"date-time":"2016-09-20T09:59:37Z","timestamp":1474365577000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":168,"title":["Porcine milk-derived exosomes promote proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Ting","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mei-Ying","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jia-Jie","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rui-Song","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rui-Ping","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li-Min","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"De-Lin","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qing-Yan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qian-Yun","family":"Xi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong-Liang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep33862_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1071\/RD9960035","volume":"8","author":"R-J Xu","year":"1996","unstructured":"Xu, R.-J. 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