{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T04:21:03Z","timestamp":1792815663407,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":173,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2012.373","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,13]],"date-time":"2012-11-13T08:07:20Z","timestamp":1352794040000},"page":"18-37","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":999,"title":["Clinical Guideline: Management of Gastroparesis"],"prefix":"10.14309","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Camilleri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry P","family":"Parkman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehnaz A","family":"Shafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas L","family":"Abell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Gerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.328.7454.1490","article-title":"Recommendation, Assessment, Development, Evaluation (GRADE) Working Group. Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations.","volume":"328","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"R2-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2010.09.022","article-title":"Epidemiology, mechanisms, and management of diabetic gastroparesis.","volume":"9","author":"Camilleri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"R3-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.05.030","article-title":"Pathophysiology and treatment of functional dyspepsia.","volume":"127","author":"Tack","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"R4-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2003.07389.x","article-title":"Symptoms associated with impaired gastric emptying of solids and liquids in functional dyspepsia.","volume":"98","author":"Sarnelli","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R5-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2011.310","article-title":"Risk of gastroparesis in subjects with type 1 and 2 diabetes in the general population.","volume":"107","author":"Choung","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R6-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2001.03350.x","article-title":"Impact of chronic gastrointestinal symptoms in diabetes mellitus on health-related quality of life.","volume":"96","author":"Talley","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R7-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2008.02428.x","article-title":"Upper abdominal symptoms in patients with Type 1 diabetes: unrelated to impairment in gastric emptying caused by autonomic neuropathy.","volume":"25","author":"Punkkinen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"R8-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.04.055","article-title":"Delayed radionucleotide gastric emptying studies predict morbidity in diabetics with symptoms of gastroparesis.","volume":"137","author":"Hyett","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"R9-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.12.047","article-title":"The incidence, prevalence, and outcomes of patients with gastroparesis in Olmsted County, Minnesota, from 1996 to 2006.","volume":"136","author":"Jung","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"R10-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2011.08.013","article-title":"Similarities and differences between diabetic and idiopathic gastroparesis.","volume":"9","author":"Parkman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"R11-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2011.01828.x","article-title":"Nausea and vomiting in diabetic and idiopathic gastroparesis.","volume":"24","author":"Cherian","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"R12-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2010.04.027","article-title":"Abdominal pain is a frequent symptom of gastroparesis.","volume":"8","author":"Cherian","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"R14-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2357","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2010.253","article-title":"Psychological dysfunction is associated with symptom severity but not disease etiology or degree of gastric retention in patients with gastroparesis.","volume":"105","author":"Hasler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R15-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2808","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.18.2808","article-title":"Gastrointestinal tract symptoms among persons with diabetes mellitus in the community.","volume":"160","author":"Maleki","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"R16-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-3565(03)00130-7","article-title":"Gastric accommodation and emptying in evaluation of patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms.","volume":"1","author":"Bredenoord","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"R17-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.10.015","article-title":"Clinical features of idiopathic gastroparesis vary with sex, body mass, symptom onset, delay in gastric emptying, and gastroparesis severity.","volume":"140","author":"Parkman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"R18-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2398","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026665728213","article-title":"Demography, clinical characteristics, psychological profiles, treatment and long-term follow-up of patients with gastroparesis.","volume":"43","author":"Soykan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"R19-8-20210210","first-page":"1501","article-title":"Viral gastroparesis: a subgroup of idiopathic gastroparesisclinical characteristics and long-term outcomes.","volume":"92","author":"Bityutskiy","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R20-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(91)90609-O","article-title":"Gastrointestinal motor dysfunction in acquired selective cholinergic dysautonomia associated with infectious mononucleosis.","volume":"100","author":"Vassallo","year":"1991","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"R21-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.41.1.100","article-title":"DNA viruses in the pathogenesis of sporadic chronic idiopathic intestinal pseudo-obstruction.","volume":"41","author":"Debinski","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"R22-8-20210210","first-page":"39","article-title":"Postoperative gastrointestinal complaints after laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication.","volume":"10","author":"Frantzides","year":"2006","journal-title":"JSLS"},{"key":"R23-8-20210210","first-page":"161","article-title":"Delayed gastric emptying and its relationship to symptoms of gas bloat after antireflux surgery.","volume":"160","author":"Lundell","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur J Surg"},{"key":"R24-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01818993","article-title":"Autonomic dysfunction in patients with chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction.","volume":"3","author":"Camilleri","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Auton Res"},{"key":"R25-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01303214","article-title":"Effects of morphine and naloxone on esophageal motility and gastric emptying in man.","volume":"31","author":"Mittal","year":"1986","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"R26-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2012.05040.x","article-title":"A randomized, placebo-controlled trial comparing the effects of tapentadol and oxycodone on gastrointestinal and colonic transit in healthy humans.","volume":"35","author":"Jeong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"R27-8-20210210","first-page":"818","article-title":"Opioid and opioid-like drug effects on whole-gut transit measured by scintigraphy.","volume":"37","author":"Maurer","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"R28-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2007-0031","article-title":"Targeting beta-cell mass in type 2 diabetes: promise and limitations of new drugs based on incretins.","volume":"29","author":"Salehi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"R29-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.2337\/db07-0136","article-title":"Effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition on gastrointestinal function, meal appearance, and glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes.","volume":"56","author":"Vella","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"R30-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2006.05.006","article-title":"Exenatide: an incretin mimetic for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.","volume":"28","author":"Iltz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"R31-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199911270-00009","article-title":"Differences in gastric motor activity in renal transplant recipients treated with FK-506 versus cyclosporine.","volume":"68","author":"Maes","year":"1999","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"R32-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1097\/FTD.0b013e3181858169","article-title":"Impact of changing from cyclosporine to tacrolimus on pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid in renal transplant recipients with diabetes.","volume":"30","author":"Park","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ther Drug Monit"},{"key":"R33-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp062614","article-title":"Diabetic gastroparesis.","volume":"356","author":"Camilleri","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R34-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01636.x","article-title":"Consensus recommendations for gastric emptying scintigraphy. A Joint Report of the Society of Nuclear Medicine and the American Neurogastroenterology and Motility Society.","volume":"103","author":"Abell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R35-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e31822f3ad2","article-title":"Gastric emptying scintigraphy: is four hours necessary?","volume":"46","author":"Pathikonda","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R36-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.108.059790","article-title":"The added diagnostic value of liquid gastric emptying compared with solid emptying alone.","volume":"50","author":"Ziessman","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"R37-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-011-1635-9","article-title":"Gastric emptying of solids and liquids for evaluation for gastroparesis.","volume":"56","author":"Sachdeva","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"R38-8-20210210","first-page":"2220","article-title":"Relationships between gastric emptying, intragastric meal distribution and blood glucose concentrations in diabetes mellitus.","volume":"36","author":"Jones","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"R39-8-20210210","first-page":"G580","article-title":"Relation between antral motility and gastric emptying of solids and liquids in humans.","volume":"249","author":"Camilleri","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"R40-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.29.1.85","article-title":"Biphasic nature of gastric emptying.","volume":"29","author":"Siegel","year":"1988","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"R41-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(90)91243-Y","article-title":"Ileocolonic transfer of solid chyme in small intestinal neuropathies and myopathies.","volume":"99","author":"Greydanus","year":"1990","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"R42-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2007.03564.x","article-title":"Comparison of gastric emptying of a non-digestible capsule to a radiolabeled meal in healthy and gastroparetic subjects.","volume":"27","author":"Kuo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"R43-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90640-X","article-title":"Measurement of gastric emptying rate of solids by means of a carbon-labeled octanoic acid breath test.","volume":"104","author":"Ghoos","year":"1993","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"R44-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.01.009","article-title":"A stable isotope breath test with a standard meal for abnormal gastric emptying of solids in the clinic and in research.","volume":"6","author":"Szarka","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"R45-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2009.01283.x","article-title":"Optimizing analysis of stable isotope breath tests to estimate gastric emptying of solids.","volume":"21","author":"Odunsi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"R46-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(95)90199-X","article-title":"Rumination syndrome: clinical features rather than manometric diagnosis.","volume":"108","author":"OBrien","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"R47-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.1.158","article-title":"Rumination syndrome in children and adolescents: diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.","volume":"111","author":"Chial","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"R48-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2002.05452.x","article-title":"Anorexia nervosa: manifestations and management for the gastroenterologist.","volume":"97","author":"Chial","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R49-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/56.4.656","article-title":"Gastric capacity, gastric emptying, and test-meal intake in normal and bulimic women.","volume":"56","author":"Geliebter","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"R50-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/65.1.114","article-title":"Postprandial cholecystokinin release and gastric emptying in patients with bulimia nervosa.","volume":"56","author":"Devlin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"R51-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2012.02.009","article-title":"Gastric emptying and symptoms of bulimia nervosa: effect of a prokinetic agent.","volume":"106","author":"Devlin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"R52-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2008.01113.x","article-title":"Cyclic vomiting syndrome in adults.","volume":"20","author":"Abell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"R53-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2010.01584.x","article-title":"Spectrum of gastric emptying patterns in adult patients with cyclic vomiting syndrome.","volume":"22","author":"Hejazi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"R54-8-20210210","first-page":"423","article-title":"Idiopathic gastroparesis is associated with a multiplicity of severe dietary deficiencies.","volume":"86","author":"Ogorek","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R55-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.04.045","article-title":"Dietary intake and nutritional deficiencies in patients with diabetic or idiopathic gastroparesis.","volume":"141","author":"Parkman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"R56-8-20210210","first-page":"1769","article-title":"Appraisal of medium- and long-term treatment of gastroparesis and chronic intestinal dysmotility.","volume":"89","author":"Camilleri","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R57-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2006.00760.x","article-title":"Treatment of gastroparesis: a multidisciplinary clinical review.","volume":"18","author":"Abell","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"R58-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-200408000-00003","article-title":"Gastric motility disorders: management that optimizes nutritional status.","volume":"38","author":"Bouras","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R59-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00210229","article-title":"Effect of ethanol and commonly ingested alcoholic beverages on gastric emptying and gastrointestinal transit.","volume":"70","author":"Pfeiffer","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Investig"},{"key":"R60-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-005-1591-2","article-title":"Effect of cigarette smoking on gastric emptying of solids in Japanese smokers: a crossover study using the 13C-octanoic acid breath test.","volume":"40","author":"Sanaka","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R61-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01296500","article-title":"Cigarette smoking and nicotine delay postprandial mouth-cecum transit time.","volume":"37","author":"Scott","year":"1992","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"R62-8-20210210","first-page":"2174","article-title":"Jejunostomy tube placement in refractory diabetic gastroparesis: a retrospective review.","volume":"91","author":"Fontana","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"RU63-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2681","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2005.00334.x","article-title":"Direct percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy: outcomes in 307 consecutive attempts.","volume":"100","author":"Maple","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R64-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1592","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.09.055","article-title":"American Gastroenterological Association technical review on the diagnosis and treatment of gastroparesis.","volume":"127","author":"Parkman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"R65-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.01.005","article-title":"Nutrition and motility disorders.","volume":"20","author":"Karamanolis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R66-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607189013002147","article-title":"Nutritional support in patients with systemic scleroderma.","volume":"13","author":"Grabowski","year":"1989","journal-title":"JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"key":"RU67-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2002.05537.x","article-title":"GI symptoms in diabetes mellitus are associated with both poor glycemic control and diabetic complications.","volume":"97","author":"Bytzer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"RU68-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00400569","article-title":"Hyperglycaemia slows gastric emptying in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus.","volume":"33","author":"Fraser","year":"1990","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"RU69-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(97)70080-5","article-title":"Physiological hyperglycemia slows gastric emptying in normal subjects and patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.","volume":"113","author":"Schvarcz","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"RU70-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(95)90445-X","article-title":"Mediation of hyperglycemia-evoked gastric slow-wave dysrhythmias by endogenous prostaglandins.","volume":"108","author":"Hasler","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"RU71-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2404","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-009-0975-1","article-title":"Factors contributing to hospitalization for gastroparesis exacerbations.","volume":"54","author":"Uppalapati","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"RU72-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2008.03351.x","article-title":"Relationship between clinical features and gastric emptying disturbances in diabetes mellitus.","volume":"70","author":"Bharucha","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"RU73-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250051311","article-title":"Gastric emptying in Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus before and after therapy readjustment: no influence of actual blood glucose concentration.","volume":"42","author":"Holzapfel","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"RU74-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1159\/000171334","article-title":"Changes in gastric emptying in recipients of successful combined pancreas-kidney transplants.","volume":"9","author":"Gaber","year":"1991","journal-title":"Dig Dis"},{"key":"R75-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2982.2002.00311.x","article-title":"Effects of pramlintide, an amylin analogue, on gastric emptying in type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus.","volume":"14","author":"Vella","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"R76-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/62.2.173","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of exenatide in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.","volume":"62","author":"Kolterman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Health Syst Pharm"},{"key":"R77-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2009.04078.x","article-title":"Development and content validity of a Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index daily diary.","volume":"30","author":"Revicki","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"R78-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-3565(04)00349-0","article-title":"Responsiveness and interpretation of a quality of life questionnaire specific to upper gastrointestinal disorders.","volume":"2","author":"De La Loge","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"R80-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)20361-5","article-title":"Subcutaneous metoclopramide in the treatment of symptomatic gastroparesis: clinical efficacy and pharmacokinetics.","volume":"258","author":"McCallum","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"R81-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.291.6500.930","article-title":"Extrapyramidal reactions with metoclopramide.","volume":"291","author":"Bateman","year":"1985","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"R82-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1872","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)06898-2","article-title":"Prescription-event monitoring and reporting of adverse drug reactions.","volume":"358","author":"Heeley","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R83-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2486","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1989.00390110070015","article-title":"Metoclopramide-induced movement disorders.","volume":"149","author":"Miller","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"RU84-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-96-4-444","article-title":"Metoclopramide to treat gastroparesis due to diabetes mellitus: a double-blind, controlled trial.","volume":"96","author":"SnapeJr","year":"1982","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"RU85-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01314461","article-title":"Metoclopramide therapy in patients with delayed gastric emptying: a randomized, double-blind study.","volume":"24","author":"Perkel","year":"1979","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"RU86-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.6.5.463","article-title":"A multicenter placebo-controlled clinical trial of oral metoclopramide in diabetic gastroparesis.","volume":"6","author":"McCallum","year":"1983","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"RU87-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-198502000-00003","article-title":"Effect of metoclopramide in diabetic gastroparesis.","volume":"7","author":"Ricci","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"RU88-8-20210210","first-page":"1230","article-title":"A double-blind multicenter comparison of domperidone and metoclopramide in the treatment of diabetic patients with symptoms of gastroparesis.","volume":"94","author":"Patterson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"RU89-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.16.11.1511","article-title":"Comparison of metoclopramide and erythromycin in the treatment of diabetic gastroparesis.","volume":"16","author":"Erbas","year":"1993","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"RU90-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-86-2-195","article-title":"Metoclopramide stimulation of gastric motility and emptying in diabetic gastroparesis.","volume":"86","author":"Longstreth","year":"1977","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"RU91-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(84)80019-0","article-title":"Gastric emptying in patients with diabetes mellitus.","volume":"86","author":"Loo","year":"1984","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"R92-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1C118","article-title":"Chronic metoclopramide therapy for diabetic gastroparesis.","volume":"37","author":"Lata","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"R93-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2009.04189.x","article-title":"Review article: metoclopramide tardive dyskinesia.","volume":"31","author":"Rao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"R94-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e3182522624","article-title":"Clinical response and side effects of metoclopramide: associations with clinical, demographic, and pharmacogenetic parameters.","volume":"46","author":"Parkman","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"RU95-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.1985.tb00689.x","article-title":"Treatment of diabetic gastroparesis with oral domperidone.","volume":"2","author":"Watts","year":"1985","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"RU96-8-20210210","first-page":"976","article-title":"The effect of chronic oral domperidone therapy on gastrointestinal symptoms, gastric emptying, and quality of life in patients with gastroparesis.","volume":"92","author":"Soykan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"RU97-8-20210210","first-page":"61","article-title":"Domperidone for symptomatic management of diabetic gastroparesis in metoclopramide treatment failures.","volume":"7","author":"Kozarek","year":"1990","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"key":"RU98-8-20210210","first-page":"1069","article-title":"Gastric emptying and gastric myoelectrical activity in patients with diabetic gastroparesis: effect of long-term domperidone treatment.","volume":"84","author":"Koch","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"RU99-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01318363","article-title":"Acute and chronic effects of domperidone on gastric emptying in diabetic autonomic neuropathy.","volume":"30","author":"Horowitz","year":"1985","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"RU100-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-2918(98)80054-4","article-title":"Domperidone in the management of symptoms of diabetic gastroparesis: efficacy, tolerability, and quality-of-life outcomes in a multicenter controlled trial.","volume":"20","author":"Silvers","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"RU101-8-20210210","first-page":"51","article-title":"Domperidone in the treatment of symptoms of delayed gastric emptying in diabetic patients.","volume":"6","author":"Braun","year":"1989","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"key":"RU102-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1159\/000198955","article-title":"Diabetic gastroparesis: treatment with domperidonea double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.","volume":"27","author":"Heer","year":"1983","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"RU103-8-20210210","first-page":"495","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of domperidone in the treatment of chronic postprandial idiopathic upper gastrointestinal distress.","volume":"76","author":"Nagler","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"RU104-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2002.01240.x","article-title":"Domperidone is more effective than cisapride in children with diabetic gastroparesis.","volume":"16","author":"Franzese","year":"2002","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"RU105-8-20210210","first-page":"1230","article-title":"A double-blind multicenter comparison of domperidone and metoclopramide in the treatment of diabetic patients with symptoms of gastroparesis.","volume":"94","author":"Patterson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R106-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-010-1472-2","article-title":"Domperidone treatment for gastroparesis: demographic and pharmacogenetic characterization of clinical efficacy and side-effects.","volume":"56","author":"Parkman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"R107-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199004123221502","article-title":"Improvement of gastric emptying in diabetic gastroparesis by erythromycin. Preliminary studies.","volume":"322","author":"Janssens","year":"1990","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R108-8-20210210","first-page":"203","article-title":"The treatment of idiopathic and diabetic gastroparesis with acute intravenous and chronic oral erythromycin.","volume":"88","author":"Richards","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R109-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2009.04045.x","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic comparison of orally-disintegrating metoclopramide with conventional metoclopramide tablet formulation in healthy volunteers.","volume":"30","author":"Fass","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"R110-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2009.05890.x","article-title":"Influence of promethazine on cardiac repolarisation: a double-blind, midazolam-controlled study.","volume":"64","author":"Owczuk","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"R111-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2009.08.060","article-title":"Antiemetic therapy for nausea and vomiting in the emergency department.","volume":"39","author":"Patanwala","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"R112-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2009.09.028","article-title":"A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of ondansetron, metoclopramide, and promethazine in adults.","volume":"29","author":"Barrett","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"R113-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2009.50","article-title":"A case of severe, refractory diabetic gastroparesis managed by prolonged use of aprepitant.","volume":"5","author":"Chong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"R114-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2003.036350","article-title":"Cannabinoid hyperemesis: cyclical hyperemesis in association with chronic cannabis abuse.","volume":"53","author":"Allen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"R115-8-20210210","first-page":"163","article-title":"Clinical observation on acupuncture treatment in 35 cases of diabetic gastroparesis.","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Tradit Chin Med"},{"key":"R116-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1951","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018878324327","article-title":"Tricyclic antidepressants for functional nausea and vomiting: clinical outcome in 37 patients.","volume":"43","author":"Prakash","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"R117-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-006-9378-8","article-title":"Tricyclic antidepressants for chronic vomiting in diabetic patients.","volume":"52","author":"Sawhney","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"R118-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.23.5.618","article-title":"Fluoxetine for depression in diabetes: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial.","volume":"23","author":"Lustman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"R119-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-199705000-00007","article-title":"Effects of nortriptyline on depression and glycemic control in diabetes: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.","volume":"59","author":"Lustman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"R120-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.psy.47.5.440","article-title":"Mirtazapine for severe gastroparesis unresponsive to conventional prokinetic treatment.","volume":"47","author":"Kim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"key":"RU121-8-20210210","first-page":"456","article-title":"Pyloric intrasphincteric botulinum toxin (Botox) improved symptoms and gastric emptying in a patient with diabetic gastroparesis (abstr).","volume":"93","author":"Sharma","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"RU122-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2455","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2000.02514.x","article-title":"The treatment of diabetic gastroparesis with botulinum toxin (abstr).","volume":"95","author":"Lacy","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"RU123-8-20210210","first-page":"S255","article-title":"Diabetic gastroparesis a possible new indication for botulinum toxin injection (abstr).","volume":"97","author":"Muddasani","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"RU124-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1067\/mge.2002.124739","article-title":"Pyloric injection of botulinum toxin for treatment of diabetic gastroparesis.","volume":"55","author":"Ezzeddine","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"RU125-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2002.05741.x","article-title":"Botulinum toxin for the treatment of gastroparesis: a preliminary report.","volume":"97","author":"Lacy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"RU126-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2002.05823.x","article-title":"Treatment of idiopathic gastroparesis with injection of botulinum toxin into the pyloric sphincter muscle.","volume":"97","author":"Miller","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"RU127-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A53","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(03)80264-0","article-title":"Effect of intrapyloric injection of Botulinum toxin on gastric emptying and meal-related symptoms in gastroparesis (abstr).","volume":"124","author":"Arts","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"RU128-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2341","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.10.2341","article-title":"The treatment of diabetic gastroparesis with botulinum toxin injection of the pylorus.","volume":"27","author":"Lacy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"RU129-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(05)00328-7","article-title":"Endoscopic pyloric injection of botulinum toxin A for the treatment of refractory gastroparesis.","volume":"61","author":"Bromer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"RU130-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2006.03019.x","article-title":"Influence of intrapyloric botulinum toxin injection on gastric emptying and meal-related symptoms in gastroparesis patients.","volume":"24","author":"Arts","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"R131-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2007.03467.x","article-title":"Clinical trial: a randomized-controlled crossover study of intrapyloric injection of botulinum toxin in gastroparesis.","volume":"26","author":"Arts","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"RU132-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01676.x","article-title":"Botulinum toxin A for the treatment of delayed gastric emptying.","volume":"103","author":"Friedenberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"RU133-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2634","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-008-0660-9","article-title":"Factors associated with symptom response to pyloric injection of botulinum toxin in a large series of gastroparesis patients.","volume":"54","author":"Coleski","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"R134-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1159\/000235917","article-title":"A systematic review of intrapyloric botulinum toxin injection for gastroparesis.","volume":"81","author":"Bai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"R135-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01676.x","article-title":"Botulinum toxin A for the treatment of delayed gastric emptying.","volume":"103","author":"Friedenberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"RU136-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(01)00802-9","article-title":"Gastric pacing is a new surgical treatment for gastroparesis.","volume":"182","author":"Forster","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"R137-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1159\/000068359","article-title":"Gastric electrical stimulation in intractable symptomatic gastroparesis.","volume":"66","author":"Abell","year":"2002","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"RU138-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(03)00878-3","article-title":"Gastric electrical stimulation for medically refractory gastroparesis.","volume":"125","author":"Abell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"RU139-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.5.1071","article-title":"Treatment of diabetic gastroparesis by high-frequency gastric electrical stimulation.","volume":"27","author":"Lin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"RU140-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e41","DOI":"10.1097\/00006676-200408000-00017","article-title":"Gastric electrical stimulation is associated with improvement in pancreatic exocrine function in humans.","volume":"29","author":"Luo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"RU141-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-830525","article-title":"Gastric electrical stimulation results in improved metabolic control in diabetic patients suffering from gastroparesis.","volume":"113","author":"van der Voort","year":"2005","journal-title":"Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes"},{"key":"RU142-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.140.9.841","article-title":"Gastric electrical stimulation: an alternative surgical therapy for patients with gastroparesis.","volume":"140","author":"Mason","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"RU143-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2004.00609.x","article-title":"Is gastric electrical stimulation superior to standard pharmacologic therapy in improving GI symptoms, healthcare resources, and long-term healthcare benefits?","volume":"17","author":"Cutts","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"RU144-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-3565(04)00605-6","article-title":"Clinical response to gastric electrical stimulation in patients with postsurgical gastroparesis.","volume":"3","author":"McCallum","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"RU145-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-005-0119-4","article-title":"Electrical stimulation for gastroparesis: gastric motility restored.","volume":"20","author":"de Csepel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"RU146-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1097\/01.meg.0000250584.15490.b4","article-title":"Gastric electrical stimulation in medically refractory nausea and vomiting.","volume":"19","author":"Gourcerol","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"RU147-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1159\/000102961","article-title":"Gastric electrical stimulation is safe and effective: a long-term study in patients with drug-refractory gastroparesis in three regional centers.","volume":"75","author":"Anand","year":"2007","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"RU148-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-008-0655-z","article-title":"Quality of life and symptomatic response to gastric neurostimulation for gastroparesis.","volume":"12","author":"Velanovich","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"RU149-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2072","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-007-0124-7","article-title":"Predictive factors for clinical improvement with Enterra gastric electric stimulation treatment for refractory gastroparesis.","volume":"53","author":"Maranki","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"RU150-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2007.10.005","article-title":"Gastric Electrical Stimulation for adolescents with intractable nausea and gastroparesis.","volume":"43","author":"Islam","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"RU151-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2008.03.036","article-title":"Small case series of gastric stimulation for the management of transplant-induced gastroparesis.","volume":"148","author":"Filichia","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"RU152-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2010.05.020","article-title":"Gastric electrical stimulation with Enterra therapy improves symptoms from diabetic gastroparesis in a prospective study.","volume":"8","author":"McCallum","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"R153-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2011.05.022","article-title":"A double-masked, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of temporary endoscopic mucosal gastric electrical stimulation for gastroparesis.","volume":"74","author":"Abell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"RU154-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1159\/000291905","article-title":"Temporary percutaneous gastric electrical stimulation: a novel technique tested in patients with non-established indications for gastric electrical stimulation.","volume":"83","author":"Andersson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"R155-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2010.12.013","article-title":"Gastric electrical stimulation improves outcomes of patients with gastroparesis for up to 10 years.","volume":"9","author":"McCallum","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"RU156-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2012.01.013","article-title":"Long term efficacy of gastric electrical stimulation in intractable nausea and vomiting.","volume":"44","author":"Gourcerol","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"R157-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-009-0096-1","article-title":"High-frequency gastric electrical stimulation for the treatment of gastroparesis: a meta-analysis.","volume":"33","author":"OGrady","year":"2009","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"R158-8-20210210","first-page":"78495","article-title":"Federal R","volume":"65","year":"2000","journal-title":"egistry"},{"key":"R159-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(03)00878-3","article-title":"Gastric electrical stimulation for medically refractory gastroparesis.","volume":"125","author":"Abell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"R160-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2011.06999.x","article-title":"A meta-analysis: the treatment of high-frequency gastric electrical stimulation for gastroparesis.","volume":"27","author":"Chu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"R161-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2010.05.020","article-title":"Gastric electrical stimulation with Enterra improves symptoms from diabetic gastroparesis in a prospective study.","volume":"8","author":"McCallum","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"R163-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1985.01390290090015","article-title":", DenBesten L Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction. Management with total parenteral nutrition and a venting enterostomy.","volume":"120","author":"Pitt","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"R164-8-20210210","first-page":"2147","article-title":"The surgeons role in the treatment of chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction.","volume":"90","author":"Murr","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R165-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(98)70301-3","article-title":"Venting percutaneous gastrostomy in the treatment of refractory idiopathic gastroparesis.","volume":"47","author":"Kim","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"R166-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-011-1607-6","article-title":"Laparoscopic and endoscopic pyloroplasty for gastroparesis results in sustained symptom improvement.","volume":"15","author":"Hibbard","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"R167-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(89)90418-2","article-title":"Roux-Y gastrectomy for chronic gastric atony.","volume":"157","author":"Karlstrom","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"R168-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S1091-255X(99)80003-1","article-title":"Near-total completion gastrectomy for severe postvagotomy gastric stasis: analysis of early and long-term results in 62 patients.","volume":"3","author":"Forstner-Barthell","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"R169-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-5491.1999.00086.x","article-title":"Novel surgical treatment and gastric pathology in diabetic gastroparesis.","volume":"16","author":"Ejskjaer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"R170-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-5491.2003.00872.x","article-title":"Long-term outcome after gastrectomy for intractable diabetic gastroparesis.","volume":"20","author":"Watkins","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"R171-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-200201000-00007","article-title":"Gastroparesis after combined heart and lung transplantation.","volume":"34","author":"Sodhi","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R172-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2008.12.006","article-title":"Electrophysiologic, morphologic, and serologic features of chronic unexplained nausea and vomiting: lessons learned from 121 consecutive patients.","volume":"145","author":"Abell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"R173-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.01.046","article-title":"Cellular changes in diabetic and idiopathic gastroparesis.","volume":"140","author":"Grover","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"R175-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2011.01451.x","article-title":"Ultrastructural differences between diabetic and idiopathic gastroparesis.","volume":"16","author":"Faussone-Pellegrini","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"R176-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015029805498","article-title":"Predictors of response to a behavioral treatment in patients with chronic gastric motility disorders.","volume":"47","author":"Rashed","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"R177-8-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2008.0107","article-title":"A single-blinded, randomized pilot study evaluating effects of electroacupuncture in diabetic patients with symptoms suggestive of gastroparesis.","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Altern Complement Med"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ajg2012373.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ajg2012373","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ajg2012373.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00000434-201301000-00008","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T13:59:38Z","timestamp":1786543178000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00000434-201301000-00008"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"references-count":173,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ajg.2012.373","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9270"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9270","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]}}}