{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T22:28:30Z","timestamp":1790029710951,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,1]],"date-time":"2013-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1370044800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2013.51","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,7]],"date-time":"2013-05-07T08:03:36Z","timestamp":1367913816000},"page":"933-941","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":114,"title":["B-Cell Depletion With Rituximab in Patients With Primary Biliary Cirrhosis Refractory to Ursodeoxycholic Acid"],"prefix":"10.14309","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Robert P","family":"Myers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark G","family":"Swain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel S","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdel Aziz M","family":"Shaheen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly W","family":"Burak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-16-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22906","article-title":"Primary biliary cirrhosis.","volume":"50","author":"Lindor","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R2-16-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13808-1","article-title":"Primary biliary cirrhosis.","volume":"362","author":"Talwalkar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R3-16-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.09.004","article-title":"Pathogenesis of cholestatic liver disease and therapeutic approaches.","volume":"139","author":"Hirschfield","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"R4-16-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840120219","article-title":"Analysis of hepatic T lymphocyte and immunoglobulin deposits in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis.","volume":"12","author":"Krams","year":"1990","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R5-16-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510230307","article-title":"Epitope mapping and reactivity of autoantibodies to the E2 component of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex in primary biliary cirrhosis using recombinant 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex.","volume":"23","author":"Moteki","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R6-16-20210210","first-page":"505","article-title":"Autoantibodies to BCOADC-E2 in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis recognize a conformational epitope.","volume":"22","author":"Leung","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R7-16-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.11.005","article-title":"Bacterial CpG induces hyper-IgM production in CD27() memory B cells in primary biliary cirrhosis.","volume":"128","author":"Kikuchi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"R8-16-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(97)70183-5","article-title":"Combined analysis of randomized controlled trials of ursodeoxycholic acid in primary biliary cirrhosis.","volume":"113","author":"Poupon","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"R9-16-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.12.029","article-title":"Excellent long-term survival in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and biochemical response to ursodeoxycholic acid.","volume":"130","author":"Pares","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"R10-16-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V83.2.435.435","article-title":"Depletion of B cells in vivo by a chimeric mouse human monoclonal antibody to CD20.","volume":"83","author":"Reff","year":"1994","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"R11-16-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2188","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V90.6.2188","article-title":"IDEC-C2B8 (Rituximab) anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody therapy in patients with relapsed low-grade non-Hodgkins lymphoma.","volume":"90","author":"Maloney","year":"1997","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"R12-16-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2004.01.006","article-title":"B lymphocyte depletion therapy with rituximab in rheumatoid arthritis.","volume":"30","author":"Edwards","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rheum Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"R13-16-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2005.05.006","article-title":"Rituximab: a promising therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus.","volume":"5","author":"Thatayatikom","year":"2006","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"R14-16-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-010-0997-y","article-title":"Rituximab is an effective and safe therapeutic alternative in adults with refractory and severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia.","volume":"89","author":"Penalver","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"key":"R15-16-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-146-1-200701020-00006","article-title":"Systematic review: efficacy and safety of rituximab for adults with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.","volume":"146","author":"Arnold","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"R17-16-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24748","article-title":"Biochemical and immunologic effects of rituximab in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and an incomplete response to ursodeoxycholic acid.","volume":"55","author":"Tsuda","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R18-16-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24044","article-title":"B cell depletion therapy exacerbates murine primary biliary cirrhosis.","volume":"53","author":"Dhirapong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R19-16-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1893","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23238","article-title":"B-cell depletion with anti-CD20 ameliorates autoimmune cholangitis but exacerbates colitis in transforming growth factor-beta receptor II dominant negative mice.","volume":"50","author":"Moritoki","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R20-16-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2008.00646.x","article-title":"B-lymphocyte contributions to human autoimmune disease.","volume":"223","author":"Yanaba","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"R21-16-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1989.00520460115022","article-title":"The fatigue severity scale. Application to patients with multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus.","volume":"46","author":"Krupp","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"R22-16-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-009-0806-7","article-title":"Reactivation of hepatitis B virus following rituximab-based regimens: a serious complication in both HBsAg-positive and HBsAg-negative patients.","volume":"89","author":"Pei","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"key":"R23-16-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3225","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24906","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy following rituximab treatment in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis.","volume":"60","author":"Fleischmann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"R24-16-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.090856","article-title":"Bingham 3rd CO et al. Longterm safety of patients receiving rituximab in rheumatoid arthritis clinical trials.","volume":"37","author":"van Vollenhoven","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"R26-16-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2580","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20430","article-title":"B cell depletion as a novel treatment for systemic lupus erythematosus: a phase III dose-escalation trial of rituximab.","volume":"50","author":"Looney","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"R27-16-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5002628","article-title":"Rituximab treatment of idiopathic membranous nephropathy.","volume":"73","author":"Fervenza","year":"2008","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"R28-16-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0909905","article-title":"Rituximab versus cyclophosphamide for ANCA-associated vasculitis.","volume":"363","author":"Stone","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R29-16-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.74.4.485","article-title":"Treatment of IgM antibody associated polyneuropathies using rituximab.","volume":"74","author":"Pestronk","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"R30-16-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2010.04512.x","article-title":"Pilot study: fenofibrate for patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and an incomplete response to ursodeoxycholic acid.","volume":"33","author":"Levy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"R32-16-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23637","article-title":"American association for the study of liver diseases endpoints conference: design and endpoints for clinical trials in primary biliary cirrhosis.","volume":"52","author":"Silveira","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R33-16-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e26358","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0026358","article-title":"Benefit from B-lymphocyte depletion using the anti-CD20 antibody rituximab in chronic fatigue syndrome. A double-blind and placebo-controlled study.","volume":"6","author":"Fluge","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R34-16-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.11.016","article-title":"Anti-CD20 (rituximab) treatment improves atopic eczema.","volume":"121","author":"Simon","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R35-16-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0b013e32834a41c2","article-title":"Pathophysiology of itch and new treatments.","volume":"11","author":"Raap","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R36-16-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.20176","article-title":"Human and murine lymphocyte neurotrophin expression is confined to B cells.","volume":"77","author":"Edling","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"R37-16-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2544","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0810440","article-title":"Primary biliary cirrhosis associated with HLA, IL12A, and IL12RB2 variants.","volume":"360","author":"Hirschfield","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R38-16-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.789","article-title":"Genome-wide association study identifies 12 new susceptibility loci for primary biliary cirrhosis.","volume":"43","author":"Mells","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Genet"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ajg201351.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ajg201351","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ajg201351.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00000434-201306000-00016","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T13:46:07Z","timestamp":1786542367000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00000434-201306000-00016"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ajg.2013.51","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9270"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9270","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]}}}