{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T08:34:53Z","timestamp":1790152493448,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]],"date-time":"2016-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472688000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2016.288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,19]],"date-time":"2016-07-19T08:02:01Z","timestamp":1468915321000},"page":"1350-1357","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Metformin Improves Survival in Patients with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma and Pre-Existing Diabetes: A Propensity Score Analysis"],"prefix":"10.14309","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"S","family":"Amin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Mhango","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Aronson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Wisnivesky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Boffetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aimee L","family":"Lucas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R2-29-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21254","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2015.","volume":"65","author":"Siegel","year":"2015","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"R3-29-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-11-20","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes increases and metformin reduces total, colorectal, liver and pancreatic cancer incidences in Taiwanese: a representative population prospective cohort study of 800,000 individuals.","volume":"11","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"R4-29-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.4158\/EP10357.RA","article-title":"Significantly increased risk of cancer in patients with diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"17","author":"Noto","year":"2011","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"R5-29-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1472","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/88.20.1472","article-title":"Excess risk of primary liver cancer in patients with diabetes mellitus.","volume":"88","author":"Adami","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"R6-29-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0134321","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0134321","article-title":"Long-term diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer: a meta-analysis.","volume":"10","author":"Song","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R7-29-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.22717","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus and risk of breast cancer: a meta-analysis.","volume":"121","author":"Larsson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"R8-29-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/dji375","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus and risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis.","volume":"97","author":"Larsson","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"R9-29-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1928","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2011.03.003","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus and risk of pancreatic cancer: a meta-analysis of cohort studies.","volume":"47","author":"Ben","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"R10-29-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e33411","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033411","article-title":"Cancer risk in diabetic patients treated with metformin: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"7","author":"Noto","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R11-29-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12267","article-title":"The prognostic value of metformin for cancer patients with concurrent diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"R12-29-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-1313","article-title":"Mortality after incident cancer in people with and without type 2 diabetes: impact of metformin on survival.","volume":"35","author":"Currie","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"R13-29-20210210","first-page":"IV","article-title":"Overview of the SEER-Medicare data: content, research applications, and generalizability to the United States elderly population.","volume":"40","author":"Warren","year":"2002","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"R14-29-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlr.0000223480.52713.b9","article-title":"Data sources for measuring comorbidity: a comparison of hospital records and medicare claims for cancer patients.","volume":"44","author":"Klabunde","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"R15-29-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(87)90171-8","article-title":"A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation.","volume":"40","author":"Charlson","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Chronic Dis"},{"key":"R16-29-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(92)90133-8","article-title":"Adapting a clinical comorbidity index for use with ICD-9-CM administrative databases.","volume":"45","author":"Deyo","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"R17-29-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(00)00256-0","article-title":"Development of a comorbidity index using physician claims data.","volume":"53","author":"Klabunde","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"R18-29-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6773.2004.00321.x","article-title":"Specificity and sensitivity of claims-based algorithms for identifying members of MedicareChoice health plans that have chronic medical conditions.","volume":"39","author":"Rector","year":"2004","journal-title":"Health Serv Res"},{"key":"R19-29-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1177\/106286069901400607","article-title":"Identifying persons with diabetes using Medicare claims data.","volume":"14","author":"Hebert","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Med Qual"},{"key":"R20-29-20210210","first-page":"15","article-title":"Diabetes complications severity index and risk of mortality, hospitalization, and healthcare utilization.","volume":"14","author":"Young","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Manag Care"},{"key":"R21-29-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.25.5.676.63594","article-title":"Development and validation of a diabetes mellitus severity index: a risk-adjustment tool for predicting health care resource use and costs.","volume":"25","author":"Joish","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pharmacother J Hum Pharmacol Drug Ther"},{"key":"R22-29-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2014.03.001","article-title":"Trajectory of care and use of multimodality therapy in older patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma.","volume":"156","author":"Parmar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"R24-29-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201407-1395OC","article-title":"Survival of patients with stage IV lung cancer with diabetes treated with metformin.","volume":"191","author":"Lin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R25-29-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.04.013","article-title":"Antidiabetic therapies affect risk of pancreatic cancer.","volume":"137","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"R26-29-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1766","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-009-1440-6","article-title":"The influence of glucose-lowering therapies on cancer risk in type 2 diabetes.","volume":"52","author":"Currie","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"R27-29-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2011.483","article-title":"Use of antidiabetic agents and the risk of pancreatic cancer: a case-control analysis.","volume":"107","author":"Bodmer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R29-29-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2905","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-11-2994","article-title":"Metformin use is associated with better survival of diabetic patients with pancreatic cancer.","volume":"18","author":"Sadeghi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"R30-29-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0b013e3182965a3c","article-title":"Metformin and survival in pancreatic cancer: a retrospective cohort study.","volume":"42","author":"Hwang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"R31-29-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.21246","article-title":"Mitogenic signaling pathways induced by G protein-coupled receptors.","volume":"213","author":"Rozengurt","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"R32-29-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8824","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0008824","article-title":"Hedgehog promotes neovascularization in pancreatic cancers by regulating Ang-1 and IGF-1 expression in bone-marrow derived pro-angiogenic cells.","volume":"5","author":"Nakamura","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R33-29-20210210","first-page":"388","article-title":"Repurposing of metformin and aspirin by targeting AMPK-mTOR and inflammation for pancreatic cancer prevention and treatment. Cancer Prev Res (Phila.","volume":"7","author":"Yue","year":"2014","journal-title":"PA)"},{"key":"R34-29-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.06.055","article-title":"TSC2 integrates Wnt and energy signals via a coordinated phosphorylation by AMPK and GSK3 to regulate cell growth.","volume":"126","author":"Inoki","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"R35-29-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25226","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M202489200","article-title":"The Anti-diabetic drugs rosiglitazone and metformin stimulate AMP-activated protein kinase through distinct signaling pathways.","volume":"277","author":"Fryer","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"R36-29-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6539","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-09-0418","article-title":"Metformin disrupts crosstalk between G Protein-coupled receptor and insulin receptor signaling systems and inhibits pancreatic cancer growth.","volume":"69","author":"Kisfalvi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"R37-29-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.9146","article-title":"Effects of pancreatectomy on nutritional state, pancreatic function and quality of life.","volume":"100","author":"Park","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"R38-29-20210210","first-page":"331","article-title":"Diabetes and pancreatic cancer.","volume":"58","author":"Muniraj","year":"2012","journal-title":"Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol"},{"key":"R39-29-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S103","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e31806518ac","article-title":"Using inverse probability-weighted estimators in comparative effectiveness analyses with observational databases.","volume":"45","author":"Curtis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"R40-29-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlr.0000207817.32496.cb","article-title":"Validity of a prescription claims database to estimate medication adherence in older persons.","volume":"44","author":"Grymonpre","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"R41-29-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgw022","article-title":"Pancreatic cancer: associations of inflammatory potential of diet, cigarette smoking and long-standing diabetes.","volume":"37","author":"Antwi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"R42-29-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2007.02.026","article-title":"Factors influencing survival after bypass procedures in patients with advanced pancreatic adenocarcinomas.","volume":"195","author":"Miller","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"R43-29-20210210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mcg.0000225657.30803.9d","article-title":"Survival and prognostic factors of unresectable pancreatic cancer.","volume":"42","author":"Park","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ajg2016288.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ajg2016288","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ajg2016288.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00000434-201609000-00029","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T15:13:11Z","timestamp":1786547591000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00000434-201609000-00029"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ajg.2016.288","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9270"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9270","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]}}}