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This was a phase I, multicenter, open-label, non-randomized, dose-escalating study in patients with relapsed or relapsed and refractory MM. Clinical evaluation, electrocardiogram, laboratory studies and adverse events were obtained and assessed. The maximum-tolerated dose was not reached owing to a non-occurrence of two dose-limiting toxicities per six patients tested at any of the dosing levels. Patients tolerated the highest dose tested (Level 5) and this was considered the maximum administered dose: at 400\u2009mg vorinostat on days 1\u20137 and 15\u201321, 25\u2009mg lenalidomide on days 1\u201321 and 40\u2009mg dexamethasone on days 1, 8, 15 and 22, per 28-day cycle. Drug-related adverse events were reported in 90% of patients serious adverse experiences were reported in 45% of the patients and 22% of all patients had adverse experiences considered, possibly related to study drug by the investigators. A confirmed partial response or better was reported for 14\/30 patients (47%) evaluable for efficacy, including 31% of patients previously treated with lenalidomide. Vorinostat in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone proved tolerable with appropriate supportive care, with encouraging activity observed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/bcj.2014.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,21]],"date-time":"2014-02-21T14:22:17Z","timestamp":1392992537000},"page":"e182-e182","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Vorinostat in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3604-2574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D S","family":"Siegel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Richardson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Dimopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Moreau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Mitsiades","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Houp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Gause","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Vuocolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Eid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Graef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K C","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFbcj20141_CR1","first-page":"239","volume":"183","author":"T Moehler","year":"2011","unstructured":"Moehler T, Goldschmidt H . 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PR reports serving on advisory committees at Celgene, Johnson & Johnson and Millennium. MD has received consulting fees from Celgene, Orthobiotech and Onyx. PM reports board memberships at Celgene, Janssen and Millennium. CM reports receiving consultancy fees from Merck & Co., Millennium, Celgene, Novartis, Johnson & Johnson, Arno Therapeutics, Bristol-Myers Squibb and Curis. He is also involved in patents and has received royalties from PharmaMar. JH, CG, SV, JEE and TG are Merck employees and may own stock in the company. KCA reports board memberships at Acetylon and Oncopep and consulting for Celgene, Onyx, Gilead and Sanofi-Aventis.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}