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T-cell LGL (T-LGL) leukemia is characterized by accumulation of cytotoxic T cells in blood and infiltration of the bone marrow, liver or spleen. Population-based studies have not been reported in LGL leukemia. We present clinical characteristics, natural history and risk factors for poor survival in patients with LGL leukemia using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) and the United States National Cancer Data Base (NCDB). LGL leukemia is an extremely rare disease with the incidence of 0.2 cases per 1\u2009000\u2009000 individuals. The median age at diagnosis was 66.5 years with females likely to be diagnosed at 3 years earlier compared with males. Analysis of patient-level data using NCDB (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=978) showed that 45% patients with T-LGL leukemia required some form of systemic treatment at the time of diagnosis. T-LGL leukemia patients have reduced survival compared with general population, with a median overall survival of 9 years. Multivariate analysis showed that age &gt;60 years at the time of diagnosis and the presence of significant comorbidities were independent predictors of poor survival.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/bcj.2016.59","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,5]],"date-time":"2016-08-05T13:22:24Z","timestamp":1470403344000},"page":"e455-e455","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["A population-based study of large granular lymphocyte leukemia"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"M V","family":"Shah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C C","family":"Hook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T G","family":"Call","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R S","family":"Go","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFbcj201659_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V82.1.1.bloodjournal8211","volume":"82","author":"TP Loughran Jr","year":"1993","unstructured":"Loughran TP Jr . Clonal diseases of large granular lymphocytes. Blood 1993; 82: 1\u201314.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"BFbcj201659_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1002\/hon.917","volume":"28","author":"R Zhang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhang R, Shah MV, Loughran TP Jr . The root of many evils: indolent large granular lymphocyte leukaemia and associated disorders. Hematol Oncol 2010; 28: 105\u2013117.","journal-title":"Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"BFbcj201659_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2764","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-07-296962","volume":"117","author":"T Lamy","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lamy T, Loughran TP . How I treat LGL leukemia. Blood 2011; 117: 2764\u20132774.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"#cr-split#-BFbcj201659_CR4.1","unstructured":"Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program 2014, Available at: www.seer.cancer.gov. 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